DRUGS Flashcards
. What is the most common early sign of lidocaine toxicity in dogs?
In dogs, toxicity of lidocaine is manifest primarily as CNS signs. Drowsiness or agitation may progress to muscle twitching and convulsions at higher doses. This occurs before respiratory or cardiac depression. Hypotension may develop if an IV bolus is given too rapidly.
Cats are more sensitive to lidocaine toxicity and may show cardiac suppression and CNS excitation.
Is ivermectin safe to use in pregnant bitches?
YES
Ivermectin is effective against which organisms?
nematodes.
atracurium
Atracurium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. Other neuromuscular blockers include pancuronium, d-tubocurarine and succinylcholine. Succinylcholine is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. Fentanyl is an opioid. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist. Edrophonium and neostigmine are cholinesterase inhibitors used to reverse neuromuscular blockers.
You are managing a poultry flock that has had problems with coccidiosis. In choosing an appropriate prevention plan, you need to consider drug withdrawal times. Which of the following agents has the shortest withdrawal time?
Amprolium has zero withdrawal time
What does diazepam cause in cats?
hepatic necrosis
What is the end-point of warfarin therapy in an animal with a pulmonary thromboembolism?
The correct answer is a PT time of 1.5 to 2 times normal. PT is the best of these indexes to monitor warfarin therapy since, at these doses (usually 0.1-0.2 mg/kg), PTT and ACT will be unchanged. An even better method is to use the international normalization ratio (INR), which is a fancy way of taking into account how different PT reactions are run. The goal is to get an INR of 2.0 to 3.0.
Which antibiotic causes abnormal cartilage formation in puppies?
The correct answer is it can cause cartilage abnormalities in growing puppies. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as enrofloxacin can cause cartilage formation abnormalities in growing animals. Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that can cause esophageal stricture formation if it remains in the esophagus for an extended period of time. A small amount of food or water is usually given after the pill to ensure the tablet is not lodged in the esophagus. It can also cause teeth abnormalities in growing animals and often causes GI upset.
Terbutaline is often given to cats with asthma for which of the following reasons?
The correct answer is it is a beta 2 adrenergic agonist which causes bronchodilation and mild effects on the heart.
Which of these is the most important treatment for salmon poisoning?
The correct answer is oxytetracycline. Because the signs are caused by a rickettsial organism, Neorickettsia helminthoeca, treatment is with a tetracycline-type of drug. Praziquantel is usually given to eliminate the fluke even though it does not usually cause any clinical signs in order to prevent contamination of other waterways.
A 6 year old Cocker Spaniel with a chronic history of ear infections presents to you circling to the left, with a left head tilt, and both rotary and horizontal nystagmus with the fast phase to the right. No other neurologic deficits are apparent except for a possible hearing deficit. It is difficult to perform a thorough otoscopic examination on the patient without sedation. The dog has been on multiple topical and systemic medications to treat otitis over the past few weeks, but the owner is not sure what they are. Which of the following drugs is a commonly implicated cause of peripheral vestibular disease?
The key here is to recognize that the question is asking about peripheral vestibular disease; otherwise, metronidazole would be a good choice as a cause of central vestibular disease. Chlorhexadine is a topical drug implicated in ototoxicity and peripheral vestibular disease. Another excellent choice would be aminoglycosides including neomycin, kanamycin, tobramycin, amikacin and gentamicin.
What is the first line of treatment for ventricular tachycardia in cattle?
The correct answer is lidocaine. If there is no response with lidocaine then propranolol and quinidine may be used.
