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BMS236 Building nervous systems > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Intravenous anaesthetics?

A

Propofol, thiopental, etomidate

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2
Q

Inhalation anaesthetics?

A

NO, isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane

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3
Q

What drug blocks NMDA?

A

Ketamine

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4
Q

Treatment to episodic ataxia type 1

A

Acetazolamide- carbonic anhyrdrase inhibitor
Phenytonin- Na channel blocker
Carbamazpine- Na channel blocker

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5
Q

Treatment for episodic ataxia type 2

A

Carbonic anhydrace inhibitor

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6
Q

Anxiety treatment

A

Benzodiazepines- act to decrease excitatory input, thus increase GABA.
5HTIA

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7
Q

Epilepsy mutations

A

Nav 1.1/2, Kv7.1, GABAa, CaV, AchR, HCN

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8
Q

Allosteric GABAa

A 
Agonist= diazepam
Antagonist= Fluxazenill
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9
Q

Orthesteric GABAa

A 
Agonist= Muscimol
Antagonist= Bicucline
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10
Q

GABAb

A

Agonist=baclofen

Antagonist= phaclofen

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11
Q

Physiological affects of benzodiazepine?

A

Sedation, Hyponsis, anterograde amnesia, anti-convulsant, reduction in muscle tone

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12
Q

Adverse effects of Benzodiazepine?

A

Sleepiness, impaired physmotor function, tolerance decrease, missue, physical dependence

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13
Q

Characteristics of benzodiazepine in humans?

A

Short acing mainly used as sleeping tablets, metabolised to produce intermediates with long half life

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14
Q

Diazepam

A

Long half life. 20-40 years, generates active compound in 1st phase, treat anxiety=muscle relaxant.

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15
Q

Barbiutrates

A

Low conc= Positive allosteric modulator of GABA
Increase= increase in open time and cl current
High conc= Massive inhibition in brain activity and death

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16
Q

Benzodiazepine partial agonists

A

Less likely to have tolerance and dependency

17
Q

Two ways to treat epilepsy

A
  1. Increase inhibitory neurotransmission- increases GABA activtity
  2. Decrease exitatory neurotransmission- decrease Glutamate activity
18
Q

What treats absence seizures?

A

GABA pentin- binds to accessory subunit and interferes with trafficking of channel

19
Q

Na channel blockers for epilsepy

A

Phenytonin- P complex and causes vertigo
Carbampezipine- most used drug, P microsomal enzymes
Lamotrigine- P nausea, dizziness and ataxia

20
Q

New drug for epilepsy

A

Levetrication- targets proteins, work on the SV2A protein on synaptic vesicles containing glutamate. Interferes with release but the function is unsure of.

21
Q

Ca channel blockers for epilepsy

A

T type ca channels can provide rising phase of AP
Ethasuximide= Inhibitor of t type ca channels
GABA protein= accessory subunit that controls trafficking

22
Q

what was the first specific antidepressant?

A

Iproniaziol and it is a MAOi

23
Q

Resperine

A

Depletes stores of MAO neurotransmitter via emptying vesicles

24
Q

3 main classes of antidepressants

A
  1. MAO inhibitors
  2. classic tricylic antidepressants
  3. selective reuptake inhibitors
25
Q

How do anti-depressants work?

A

Desensitizion of receptors. Cell uncouples receptor from g protein. Receptors usually work to keep cAMP low. cAMP increase when receptor decrease. Leads to activation of signalling cascade. PKA and creb (TF increase) BDNF increases.

26
Q

Tryptochan precursor

A

Present in chocolate and rich food. Aids sleep and calmness. Linked to metabolism of melatonin.

27
Q

Bipolar disorder treatments

A
  1. Lithium- Stops Na channels
  2. Antiepileptic drugs- Ca channel blockers
  3. ECT, EMT and deep brain stimulation.
    ECT= ectroconvulsive therapy- efffective antidepressant, downregulates B receptors and upregulates 5HT2 receptor sites.
28
Q

Extreme pain

A

Primary erythermalgia and perioxysmal extreme pain disorder

29
Q

Analgestics

A

Non steriodal anti inflammatory drugs
Paracetamol
Opiods

30
Q

4 classes of opiods

A
  1. Natural opiods- morphine
  2. Semi synthetic- heroin
  3. fully synthetic- fentanyl
  4. endogenous- endorphins
31
Q

Receptors for natural opiods

A

Mv, keppa and delta

32
Q

What can be used as treatment to schizophrenia?

A

Antagonists to the DA system

33
Q

DA receptors

A

DA 1,3 and 5- excitatory, coupled to G proteins and increase cAMP
DA 2 and 4- inhibitory, coupled to Gi/Go proteins and decrease cAMP

BMS236 Building nervous systems (2 decks)

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