Drugs Flashcards
Pseudophedrine
Agonist for alpha 1 receptor
Clonidine
Agonist for alpha 2 receptor
SNS antagonist (block release of NT)
Used to treat hypertension (decrease BP)
Isoproterenol
Agonist for B1 receptor
Dobutamine
Agonist for B1 receptor
Increases cardiac output
Used in congestive heart failure
Terbutaline
Agonist for B2 receptor
Prazosin
Antagonist for alpha 1
Used in congestive heart failure
Decreases peripheral resistance (vasodilation), so heart has less resistance to contract against. This increases cardiac output and decreases pulmonary resistance.
Propanolol (receptors, effects, uses, warnings)
Antagonist for B1 (heart)
Antagonist for B2 (lungs)
Decreases cardiac output
Causes reflex peripheral vasoconstriction, so slow decrease in hypertension
Decreased glycogenolysis and glucagon secretion
Reduces hypertension (decreased CO, decreased renin, decreased peripheral resistance)
Angina and MI
Blocks effect of hyperthyroidism on adrenergic system
Can cause broncospasms, so not for use with asthma
Epinephrine
Stimulates alpha and beta receptors
Norepinephrine
Increases BP
Used to treat shock
Pseudophedrine
Nasal decongestant
Cocaine
Brian-targeted, Non-selective sympathomimetic
Inhibits reuptake of serotonin, NE and dopamine
Local anesthetic
Peripheral activation causes side effects (HR, sweating, hypertension)
Amphetamines
Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic
Inhibit uptake and increase neurotransmitter release
Potent effects in CNS and periphery
Ritalin
Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic
MDMA
Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic
Selegiline
Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic
Anti-parkinsons disease
Used with Levadopa
Side effects: dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia
Phenelzine
Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic
Antidepressent type 1: Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Side effects: dry mouth, constipation, urinaru retention, mydriasis, hyperthermia, sweating, hypertension
Amytryptyline
Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic
Antidepressent type 2: tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
Side effects: urinary retention, pregnancy, MI, congestive heart failure
Phenylephrine
Selective sympathomimetic
Peripheral
alpha 1 agonist
nasal decongestant
Increases blood pressure
Albuterol (salbutamol, ventolin)
Selective, peripheral sympathomimetic
B2 agonist
Short acting bronchiodilator (inhaler)
Works for 2 hours
For patients with COPD or asthma
Salmeterol
Selective, peripheral sympathomimetic
B2 agonist
Long acting bronchodilator
Works for 12 hours
Asthma, COPD
Doxasin
alpha 1 antagonist
Treat hypertension by decreasing HR and BP
Tamsulosin
alpha 1 antagonist
Treats prostatic hypertrophy and vasospastic (urinary) problems
Selective for alpha1A receptors of prostate, so less side effects with low BP and low HR
Timolol
Non specific beta blocker
Used for glaucoma by decreasing production of aqueous humour and intraocular pressure
Atenalol
B1 specific blocker (cardioselective)
Treats hypertension (reduced pulmonary, vascular and blood glucose effects)
Carvedilol
3rd gen. beta blocker (partial alpha blocker)
Higher affinity for B1 and B2, so decreases HR significantly
Can exacerbate asthma
Labetalol
3rd gen. beta blocker (partial alpha blocker)
Higher affinity for alpha 1
Reduces BP without effect on resting HR
Used in preeclampsia (high BP during pregnancy) and emergency
Acetylcholine
Cholinergenic agonist
As a drug, does not cross the BBB (no psycho effects)
Will activate ALL autonomic ganglia (sympathetic and
parasympathetic)
Will activate skeletal muscle receptors (twitching followed by paralysis)
Typical effects of stimulating parasympathetic system (reduced HR, reduced BP, Increased saliva, fixed near focus, contracted pupils, diarrhea, intestinal cramping… plus, sweating*)
Way too non-specific for systemic use
ONLY used for eye surgery
Pilocarpine
Cholinergenic agonist
Can penetrate BBB (psycho effects)
Used for severe acute glaucoma (intra ocular pressure)
Pilocarpine causes immediate opening and drainage system of eye
Causes fixed focus of lens
Neostigmine
AchE inhibitor
Stimulates the bladder and GI tract (urinary
bladder disease and constipation)
Aid symptoms of myasthenia gravis (increases muscular strength and response)
Donepazil (atricept)
AchE inhibitor
Stimulates cholenergic neurons in brain
Treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease
Atropine
Cholinergenic antagonist
Decreases cardiovascular response to parasympathetic stimulation. (Heart rate increases, blood pressure rises)
Bronchodilation and decreased respiratory secretions (drying)
Antispasmodic effect on GI tract, other smooth muscles
Dilates pupils
Neocitran (what it is used for, effect, side effects, problems)
Over the counter cold med
Cholinergenic antagonist
Antihistamine - “atropinic”, decreases PSNS activity:
Sedation and drying
bladder (relax wall; constrict sphincter)
gut (relax wall; constrict sphincters; decrease secretions)
Sympathomimetic:
bladder (relax wall; constrict sphincter)
gut (relax wall; constrict sphincters; decrease secretions)
heart (increase heart rate / contractility; constrict arterioles)
Cardiovascular (hypertension, MI)
GI/GU (constipation, urinary retention)
Scopolamine
Cholinergenic antagonist
Strong CNS effect
Most effective anti-nausea drug
Tiotropium
Cholinergenic antagonist
Derived from atropine
Inhaled bronchodilators (very long term effect)
Curare
NMJ blocker
Non-depolarizing
Amazonian poison
No longer used
Succinylcholine
NMJ blocker
Polarizing
The only depolarizing NMJ used.
Causes twitching and fasciculation at first (from depolarization) but then flaccid paralysis
Jimsom weed
Atropine and scopolamine
Succinylcholine
Targets nicotinic Ach receptor (Na+ ligand gated ion channel)
Affects muscle contraction
Memamtine, ketamine
Target Glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (Ca2+ ligand ion channels)
Affects long term potentiation (learning and memory)
Benzodiazepines
Target Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (ligand gated Cl- receptor)
CNS depression
Imatinib (Gleevec)
Acts on tyrosine kinase
Treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (chemotherapy)
Interleukin-2 (proleukin)
Acts on tyrosine kinase
Treatment of cancers
Melignant melanoma, renal cancer
Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate)
Acts on gunaylyl cyclase
Treats angina
Sildenafil
Viagra
Protects cGMP from phosphodiesterase
Treats hypertension and erectile dysfunction
Strychnine
Allosteric irreversible antagonist
Aripriprazole
partial agonist
Phenylephrine
full agonist
Naloxazone
Orthosteric irreversible antagonist
