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Pharmacology (MPAS) > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Pseudophedrine

A

Agonist for alpha 1 receptor

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2
Q

Clonidine

A

Agonist for alpha 2 receptor

SNS antagonist (block release of NT)

Used to treat hypertension (decrease BP)

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3
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Agonist for B1 receptor

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4
Q

Dobutamine

A

Agonist for B1 receptor

Increases cardiac output

Used in congestive heart failure

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5
Q

Terbutaline

A

Agonist for B2 receptor

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6
Q

Prazosin

A

Antagonist for alpha 1

Used in congestive heart failure

Decreases peripheral resistance (vasodilation), so heart has less resistance to contract against. This increases cardiac output and decreases pulmonary resistance.

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7
Q

Propanolol (receptors, effects, uses, warnings)

A

Antagonist for B1 (heart)

Antagonist for B2 (lungs)

Decreases cardiac output

Causes reflex peripheral vasoconstriction, so slow decrease in hypertension

Decreased glycogenolysis and glucagon secretion

Reduces hypertension (decreased CO, decreased renin, decreased peripheral resistance)

Angina and MI

Blocks effect of hyperthyroidism on adrenergic system

Can cause broncospasms, so not for use with asthma

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8
Q

Epinephrine

A

Stimulates alpha and beta receptors

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9
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Increases BP

Used to treat shock

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10
Q

Pseudophedrine

A

Nasal decongestant

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11
Q

Cocaine

A

Brian-targeted, Non-selective sympathomimetic

Inhibits reuptake of serotonin, NE and dopamine

Local anesthetic

Peripheral activation causes side effects (HR, sweating, hypertension)

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12
Q

Amphetamines

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

Inhibit uptake and increase neurotransmitter release

Potent effects in CNS and periphery

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13
Q

Ritalin

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

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14
Q

MDMA

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

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15
Q

Selegiline

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

Anti-parkinsons disease

Used with Levadopa

Side effects: dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia

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16
Q

Phenelzine

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

Antidepressent type 1: Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Side effects: dry mouth, constipation, urinaru retention, mydriasis, hyperthermia, sweating, hypertension

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17
Q

Amytryptyline

A

Brain-targeted, non selective sympathomimetic

Antidepressent type 2: tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

Side effects: urinary retention, pregnancy, MI, congestive heart failure

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18
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Selective sympathomimetic

Peripheral

alpha 1 agonist

nasal decongestant

Increases blood pressure

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19
Q

Albuterol (salbutamol, ventolin)

A

Selective, peripheral sympathomimetic

B2 agonist

Short acting bronchiodilator (inhaler)

Works for 2 hours

For patients with COPD or asthma

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20
Q

Salmeterol

A

Selective, peripheral sympathomimetic

B2 agonist

Long acting bronchodilator

Works for 12 hours

Asthma, COPD

21
Q

Doxasin

A

alpha 1 antagonist

Treat hypertension by decreasing HR and BP

22
Q

Tamsulosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist

Treats prostatic hypertrophy and vasospastic (urinary) problems

Selective for alpha1A receptors of prostate, so less side effects with low BP and low HR

23
Q

Timolol

A

Non specific beta blocker

Used for glaucoma by decreasing production of aqueous humour and intraocular pressure

24
Q

Atenalol

A

B1 specific blocker (cardioselective)

Treats hypertension (reduced pulmonary, vascular and blood glucose effects)

25
Q

Carvedilol

A

3rd gen. beta blocker (partial alpha blocker)

Higher affinity for B1 and B2, so decreases HR significantly

Can exacerbate asthma

26
Q

Labetalol

A

3rd gen. beta blocker (partial alpha blocker)

Higher affinity for alpha 1

Reduces BP without effect on resting HR

Used in preeclampsia (high BP during pregnancy) and emergency

27
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Cholinergenic agonist

As a drug, does not cross the BBB (no psycho effects)

Will activate ALL autonomic ganglia (sympathetic and
parasympathetic)

Will activate skeletal muscle receptors (twitching followed by paralysis)

Typical effects of stimulating parasympathetic system (reduced HR, reduced BP, Increased saliva, fixed near focus, contracted pupils, diarrhea, intestinal cramping… plus, sweating*)

Way too non-specific for systemic use

ONLY used for eye surgery

28
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Cholinergenic agonist

Can penetrate BBB (psycho effects)

Used for severe acute glaucoma (intra ocular pressure)

Pilocarpine causes immediate opening and drainage system of eye

Causes fixed focus of lens

29
Q

Neostigmine

A

AchE inhibitor

Stimulates the bladder and GI tract (urinary
bladder disease and constipation)

Aid symptoms of myasthenia gravis (increases muscular strength and response)

30
Q

Donepazil (atricept)

A

AchE inhibitor

Stimulates cholenergic neurons in brain

Treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

31
Q

Atropine

A

Cholinergenic antagonist

Decreases cardiovascular response to parasympathetic stimulation. (Heart rate increases, blood pressure rises)

Bronchodilation and decreased respiratory secretions (drying)

Antispasmodic effect on GI tract, other smooth muscles

Dilates pupils

32
Q

Neocitran (what it is used for, effect, side effects, problems)

A

Over the counter cold med

Cholinergenic antagonist

Antihistamine - “atropinic”, decreases PSNS activity:

Sedation and drying

bladder (relax wall; constrict sphincter)

gut (relax wall; constrict sphincters; decrease secretions)

Sympathomimetic:

bladder (relax wall; constrict sphincter)

gut (relax wall; constrict sphincters; decrease secretions)

heart (increase heart rate / contractility; constrict arterioles)

Cardiovascular (hypertension, MI)

GI/GU (constipation, urinary retention)

33
Q

Scopolamine

A

Cholinergenic antagonist

Strong CNS effect

Most effective anti-nausea drug

34
Q

Tiotropium

A

Cholinergenic antagonist

Derived from atropine

Inhaled bronchodilators (very long term effect)

35
Q

Curare

A

NMJ blocker

Non-depolarizing

Amazonian poison

No longer used

36
Q

Succinylcholine

A

NMJ blocker

Polarizing

The only depolarizing NMJ used.

Causes twitching and fasciculation at first (from depolarization) but then flaccid paralysis

37
Q

Jimsom weed

A

Atropine and scopolamine

38
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Targets nicotinic Ach receptor (Na+ ligand gated ion channel)

Affects muscle contraction

39
Q

Memamtine, ketamine

A

Target Glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (Ca2+ ligand ion channels)

Affects long term potentiation (learning and memory)

40
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Target Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (ligand gated Cl- receptor)

CNS depression

41
Q

Imatinib (Gleevec)

A

Acts on tyrosine kinase

Treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (chemotherapy)

42
Q

Interleukin-2 (proleukin)

A

Acts on tyrosine kinase

Treatment of cancers

Melignant melanoma, renal cancer

43
Q

Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate)

A

Acts on gunaylyl cyclase

Treats angina

44
Q

Sildenafil

A

Viagra

Protects cGMP from phosphodiesterase

Treats hypertension and erectile dysfunction

45
Q

Strychnine

A

Allosteric irreversible antagonist

46
Q

Aripriprazole

A

partial agonist

47
Q

Phenylephrine

A

full agonist

48
Q

Naloxazone

A

Orthosteric irreversible antagonist

Pharmacology (MPAS) (19 decks)

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