Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Exclusively for smoking cessation
A
Varenicline
2
Q
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade
A
Tubocurarine
Pancuronium
Atracurium
Vecuronium
3
Q
Depolarizing neuromuscular blockade
A
Succinylcholine
4
Q
Tensilon test
Helps differentiate bet. Myasthenic and cholinergic crisis
A
Edrophonium
5
Q
Cholinomimetic for alzheimers
A
Rivastigmine
6
Q
Reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade
A
Neostigmine
7
Q
1st line treatment for organophosphate poisoning
A
Atropine
8
Q
Antidote for organophosphate poisoning
A
Pralidoxime
Should be give within 6-8hrs
9
Q
Drug found in atropa belladonna
A
Atropine
10
Q
DOC for anaphylaxis
A
Epinephrine
11
Q
Non-selective sympathomimetic
Alpha activity > beta activity
A
Norepinephrine
12
Q
Dose dependent effects of dopamine
A
Low dose: 1-5mcg/kg/min, D1 activity
Medium dose: 5-15mcg/kg/min, B1 activity
High dose: >15mcg/kg/min, A1 activity
13
Q
Preggy safe drugs for hypertension
A
Nifedipine
Labetalol
Hydralazine
Methyldopa
14
Q
DOC for alpha-1 agonist overdose
A
Phentolamine
15
Q
Alpha nonselective adrenergic antagonist
For rebound hypertension
A
Phentolamine
16
Q
Selective Beta-2 agonist
For tocolysis of preterm labor
A
Terbutaline and ritodrine
17
Q
DOC for acute asthma attacks
A
Salbutamol, albuterol
18
Q
Alpha nonselective adrenergic antagonist
Pheochromocytoma (presurgical)
A
Phenoxybenzamine
19
Q
Beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
A
Pindolol
Acebutolol
20
Q
Beta blocker
Longest halflife
A
Nadolol
21
Q
Beta blocker
Shortest halflife
A
Esmolol
22
Q
Beta blockers
Absent local anesthetic activity
A
Betaxolol
Timolol
23
Q
Cardioselective beta blockers
A
“NBEAM”
Nebivolol Betaxolol Esmolol Acebutolol, alprenolol Metoprolol
24
Q
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocker
Most selective for prostatic smooth muscle
A
Tamsulosin
25
Used in perioperative thyroid storm
Esmolol
26
Drugs to control BP in pheochromocytome
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Labetalol
27
Vasodilator used for alopecia
Minoxidil
28
Lilly cyanide kit
```
Amyl nitrite
IV NaNO2 (sodium nitrite)
IV Na2S2O3 (sodium thiosulfate)
```
29
DOC for SVT (OPD setting)
Verapamil
30
DOC for post-MI ventricular arrhythmia and drug-induced arrhythmia
Class 1B anti-arrhythmics
Lidocaine (least cardiotoxic, no effect on normal cells)
31
Causes dangerous hypotension when given with nitrates
PDE inhibitors eg. Sildenafil
32
DOC for prinzmetal angina
Diltiazem
33
DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, SVT ER setting
Adenosine
34
Most efficacious anti-arrhythmic
Amiodarone
Has class 1, 2, 3, 4 activity
35
Drugs shown to improve survival in heart failure
ACE-i
Beta blockers
Aldosterone antagonists
36
Antidiuretic known to increase factor VIII activity
Desmopressin, vasopressin
37
Iodine content of amiodarone
33% by weight
38
DOC for hypertriglyceridemia
Fibrates
Gemfibrozil
Fenofibrate
Bezafibrate
39
DOC for acute migraine
Sumatriptan
5HT1D receptor agonist
40
Antidote for ergotamine toxicity
Nitroprusside
41
Toxic and lethal dose of aspirin
TD 150mg/kg
LD 500mg/kg
42
Antidote for heparin toxicity
Protamine sulfate
43
Antidote for warfarin toxicity
```
Vitamin K (slow)
FFP (fast)
```
44
Antidote for alteplase
Aminocaproic acid
45
Maintain patency of PDA
Alprostadil (PGE1 analog)
46
COX3 inhibitor
Paracetamol
| Phenacetin
47
MOA of aspirin
Nonselective, irreversible cox 1 and 2 inhibition
48
MOA of ibuprofen
Nonselective, reversible cox 1 and 2 inhibition
49
MOA of betanechol
Direct activation of M1-M3 receptors
50
MOA of pilocarpine
Direct activation of M3 receptors
51
MOA of atropine
Competitive blockade of all muscarinic receptors
52
MOA of ipratropium
Blocks muscarinic receptors in bronchial smooth muscles
53
Nonselective, direct acting sympathomimetics
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
54
MOA of isoproterenol
Beta-nonselective sympathomimetic
55
Selective a1 agonist
Phenylephrine
56
Selective a2 agonists
Clonidine
Methyldopa
Apraclonidine
57
MOA of dobutamine
Selective b1 agonist
58
Selective b2 agonists
```
Albuterol
Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Ritodrine
Salmeterol (long-acting)
```
59
Nonselective alpha blockers
Phenoxybenzamine (a1>a2)
| Phentolamine
60
a1 selective adrenergic antagonist
```
Prazosin
Doxazosin
Tamsulosin
Silodosin
Alfuzosin
```
61
Nonselective beta blockers that have combined alpha and beta blockade
Carvedilol
Labetalol
(May be used in pheochromocytoma)
62
Class 1a antiarrhythmics
Procainamide
Disopyramide
Quinidine
63
Class 1b antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine
Mexiletine
Tocainide
Phenytoin
64
Class 1c antiarrhythmics
Flecainide
Encainide
Propafenone
Moricizine
65
Class 2 antiarrhythmics
Propranolol
Metoprolol
Timolol
Esmolol
66
Class 3 antiarrhythmics
Dofetilide
Sotalol
Amiodarone
67
Class 4 antiarrhythmics
Diltiazem
| Verapamil
68
Drug class of ethacrynic acid
Loop diuretic
69
MOA of statins
Reversible, competitive inhibition of HMG-COA reductase
70
MOA of cholestyramine
Binds bile acids preventing reabsorption
71
MOA of ezetimibe
Selective inhibitor of NPC1L1 transporter, decreasing intestinal absorption of cholesterol
72
MOA of sitosterol
Cholesterol analog, decrease intestinal absorption of cholesterol and phytosterols
73
MOA of fibrates
Activate PPAR-a and increase expression of lipoprotein lipase and apolipoproteins
74
H1- receptor antagonists
Diphenhydramine (1st gen)
| Cetirizine (2nd gen)
75
H2 receptor antagonist
Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitidine
76
MOA of triptans
5-HT1D receptor agonist
77
Drug class of ondansetron
5-HT3 receptor antagonist
78
Vasoselective ergot alkaloid
Ergotamine (mnemonic: T for tubes = vasoselective)
79
Uteroselective ergot alkaloid
Ergonovine
80
Prostaglandin E1 analogs
Alprostadil
| Misoprostol
81
Prostaglandin E2 analog
Dinoprostone
82
Prostaglandin I2 analogs
Epoprostenol
Beroprost
Iloprost
Treprostinil
83
Prostaglandin F2a analogs
Latanoprost
Bimatoprost
Travoprost
Unoprostone
84
DOC for asthma prophylaxis
Fluticasone
85
Drug that inhibits platelet aggregation by interfering with GPIIb-GPIIIa binding
Abciximab
86
ADP inhibitor
Clopidogrel
87
Antidote for paracetamol toxicity
N-acetylcysteine
88
Rescue agent for methotrexate
Leukovorin (folinic acid)
89
For closure of PDA
Indomethacin
90
DMARD of first choice to treat rheumatoid arthritis
Methotrexate
91
DMARD safe for pregnant patients
Chloroquine
Mefloquine - new CDC recommendation to prevent malaria infection for all trimesters
92
Rescue agent for cyclophosphamide
MESNA
93
Difference between the MOA of allopurinol and febuxostat
Allopurinol - irreversible inhibitor of xanthine oxidase
| Febuxostat - reversible
94
MOA of probenecid
Compete with reabsorption of uric acid in the proximal tubules
95
3 drugs considered as date-rape drugs
Alcohol (most common)
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate
96
Abnormal sleep pattern from benzodiazepine use
Decreased REM sleep
97
Antidote for benzodiazepine overdose
Flumazenil (by competitive inhibition)
98
DOC for bipolar disorder (acute mania)
Valproic acid
| First line for mania
99
DOC for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
100
DOC for trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
101
DOC for neuropathic pain
Gabapentin
102
Best measure of potency of inhaled anesthetics
Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC)
Alveolar concentration required to eliminate the response to a standardized painful stimuli in 50% of patients
Synonymous to ED50
103
Most potent inhaled anesthetic
Methoxyflurane
104
Least potent inhaled anesthetic
Nitrous oxide
105
Inhaled anesthetic that can lower threshold for seizures
Enflurane
106
Inhaled anesthetic with the highest flouride content (most nephrotoxic)
Methoxyflurane
107
Treatment for cardiotoxicity brought about by bupivacaine and ropivacaine
Intralipid
108
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker that undergoes hoffman elimination
Atracurium
109
Novel reversal agent for rocuronium
Sugammadex
110
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker used in strychnine poisoning and is used in lethal injection
Pancuronium
| Lethal injection drugs: thiopental to sedate, pancuronium, KCl
111
Early sign of malignant hyperthermia
Trismus
112
Treatment for malignant hyperthermia
Rapid cooling
| Dantrolene
113
Underlying mechanism for malignant hyperthermia
Massive calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle
114
Primary drug for parkinsons disease
Levodopa/carbidopa
115
Only antipsychotic with a fatal overdose
Thioridazine
116
Only antipsychotic that reduces the risk of suicide hence the DOC for suicidal and refractory schizophrenics
Clozapine
117
Most sedating anti-psychotic
Quetiapine
| Quiet time ~ sleep
118
Antipsychotic with low sedative effects
Risperidone
| Rise and shine ~ decreased sedation
119
SSRI that can be used for breastfeeding mothers
Sertraline
| Squirtraline
120
TCA given with smoking cessation
Bupropion
121
Most potent opioid
Ohmefentanyl
122
Opioid of choice for pancreatitis
Meperidine
123
Opioid that can lower seizure threshold
Tramadol
124
DOC for E. Histolytica
Diloxanide furoate
125
DOC for cryptosporidium parvum
Nitazoxanide
126
Antiprotozoal drug for pneumocystis jiroveci
Cotrimoxazole
127
Antiprotozoal for toxoplasmosis
Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine
128
DOC for african sleeping sickness
Melarsoprol
| Suramin
129
DOC for chagas
Nifurtimox
130
DOC for leishmaniasis
Sodium stibogluconate
131
DOC for hydatid disease (echinococcosis)
Albendazole
132
DOC for filariasis
DEC
133
DOC for loa loa
DEC
134
DOC for strongyloides
Ivermectin
135
DOC for onchocerca
Ivermectin
136
DOC for enterobius
Pyrantel pamoate
137
DOC for trichinosis
Thiabendazole
138
DOC for trematodes and cestodes except echinococcosis
Praziquantel
139
Back-up drug to praziquantel
Niclosamide
140
Benzodiazepine with the longest halflife
Chlordiazepoxide
141
DOC for partial seizures
Carbamazepine
142
DOC for GTC, myoclonic seizures, atypical absence syndromes
Valproic acid
143
DOC for status epilepticus
Diazepam
144
DOC for seizures in children
Phenobarbital
145
Used for schizophrenia in the youth
Risperidone
146
Treatment for enuresis
Imipramine
| Ima-pee- ramine
147
First line Drug for MDD
Fluoxetine
148
Replacement therapy for opioid dependence
Methadone
149
Antidote for opioid overdose
Naloxone
150
Treatment for opioid dependence
Naltrexone
151
Preferred treatment for hyperthyroidism
RAI
152
Yuzpe regimen
Levonorgestrel
153
Treatment of endometriosis
Danazol
154
Prevents estrogen-induced endometrial CA
Norgestrel
155
OCP of choice for lactating women
DMPA
156
SERM that has no predisposition for endometrial CA but with bone side effects
Raloxifene
157
Most efficacious antiDM drug
Insulin
158
DOC for obese diabetics
Metformin
159
Tumor marker for medullary thyroid CA
Calcitonin
160
DOC for PUD and zollinger-ellison syndrome
Omeprazole
161
Treatment for hepatic encephalopathy
Lactulose
162
DOC for diabetic gastroparesis
Metoclopramide
163
DOC for non-infectious diarrhea
Loperamide
164
Rescue agent for cisplatin and carboplatin
Amifostine
165
Antineoplastic that inhibits DNA topoisomerase II
Etoposide
| E2poside
166
Antineoplastic that inhibits topoisomerase I
Topotecan
| Topotecwan
167
Treatment for copper poisoning/wilson's disease
Penicillamine
