Drugs

Question 1

Salbutamol

Answer 1

aka Ventolin ; bronchodilator, beta 2 (works on lungs)

indications: acts directly on smooth bronchial muscle
contraindications: previous sensitivity
reactions: tremor, tachycardia, headaches, nausea
dosage: adults(5mg) ; children(4-12) (2.5mg);PRN
route: inhalation, oral, injection, nebuliser

Question 2

ipratopium bromide

Answer 2

aka atrovent; bronchodilator
indications: inhibits bronchomotor tone
contraindications: hypersensitivity to atropine
reactions: tachycardia, AF, nausea, arrythmias
dosage: adults(250-500mcg) with 2-3mls saline
not given to children <12 yrs- cholinergic effects.
children(250mcg)
route: inhalation, nebuliser

Question 3

amoxicillin

Answer 3

moderate spectrum beta lactamase

indications: antibiotic
contraindications: penicillin/cephalosporin sensitivity
reactions: anaphylaxis, rashes, N&V
dosage: adults(250mg) 8hrly; children(20mg/kg 8hrly); PRN
route: oral

Question 4

paracetamol(PO)

Answer 4

analgesic, antipyretic; inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS
contraindications: other paracetamol containing drugs
reactions(rare): allergic reactions, nausea,
dosage: adults(1g/4hrs); children(15mg/kg-max 60-90kg/day)
route: oral, iv

Question 5

morphine

Answer 5

analgesia, primarily affect CNS & other smooth muscle
contraindications: previous sensitivity, opiod sensitivity, resp. depression
reactions: sedation, N&V, constipation
dosage: adults(5-20mg/4-6hrly)
naloxone(0.4-2mg IV 2-3mins); children(0.1-0.2mg/kg-max 15mg)
route: injection, iv, oral

Question 6

metoclopromide

Answer 6

aka nalaxone, antiemetic

contraindications: GI haemorrhage, epilepsy, obstruction, perforation
reactions: headache, drowsiness, fatigue
dosage: adults(10mg TDS 1-2mins); children(1-10mg based on age)
route: IM, S/C, IV

Question 7

glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)

Answer 7

aka anginin, vasodilator
contraindications: cerebral haemorrhage, head injury, hypersensitivity
reactions: n&v, hypotension, sedation
dosage: adults(600-900mcg immediately); elderly(300mcg as starting dose)
given buccal mucosa(under tongue)/sublingual(in cheek).

Question 8

aspirin

Answer 8

inhibits platelet aggregation, used for cardiovascular/ cerebrovascular disease

contraindications: hepatic/renal disease, bleeding disorders, hypersensitivity
reactions: n&v, GI distress, dizziness
dosage: adults(75-300mg)
route: PO,iv

Question 9

tazopip/tazoscin

Answer 9

antibacterial combo meds, broad spectrum penicillin

contraindications: previous allergic reactions to penicillin/cephalosporin/tazopip
reactions: anaphylactoid/anaphylactic, raised liver enzymes, bleeding
dosage: adults(4g TDS/8hrly)
route: IV infusion

Question 10

paracetamol(IV)

Answer 10

analgesic, antipyretic
contraindications: other paracetamol containing drugs
reactions: dizziness, n&v, constipation
dosage(based on weight): adults >50kg (1g/4hrs);children(based on weight)
iv, oral

Question 11

enoxaparin(S/C)

Answer 11

aka clexane, prevention of VTE
contraindications: heparin, haemorrhagic risk & stroke
reactions: haemorrhage, anaemia, headache, bruising @ site
dosage(dependant on risk): 40mg(high risk), 20mg(moderate risk).