Drugs Flashcards
What drugs are used in a cardiac arrest?
Adrenaline
Atropine
What drugs are used in pulmonary oedema?
Morphine/diamorphine
Furosemide
Oxygen
What drugs are used in severe asthma?
Beta 2 adrenoreecptor agonists (salbutamol)
Ipratropium
Oxygen
Hydrocortisone (IV)
What drugs are used in anaphylactic shock?
Adrenaline (IM)
Hydrocortisone (IV)
Chlorphenamine (IV)
What drugs are used in Benzodiazapine intoxication?
Flumazenil
What drugs are used in hypoglycaemia?
Dextrose (IV)
Glucagon
What drugs are used in hypovaleamic shock?
IV fluids
What drugs are used in opioid intoxication?
Naloxone
What drugs are used in seizures?
Diazepam/lorazepam
What is the analgesic ladder?
Non opiod: (Paracetamol regularly, NSAIDs - ibuprofen and naproxen- have to consider GI bleeds)
Weak opiod: codeine that metabolises to morphine
Strong opiod: morphine, Diamorphine (heroin)
Adrenalin
Name: Adrenaline (Epidephrine)
Drug Class: Catecolamine
How it works: Neurotransmitter increases HR etc.
Indications: Cardiac Arrest/ Anaphylaxis
Contraindication: IHD, angina, hypertension, arrhythmia
Side effects: Nausea, Vom, Dry mouth
Interactions: Most heart drugs
Eliminated: Neurotransmitter is reabsorbed
Atropine
Name: Atropine
Drug Class: Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic
How it works: Blocks the effect of vagus (parasympathetic) nerve on the heart – preventing it from slowing heart rate/causing asytole.
Indications: Used to treat bradycardia/ Cardiac arrest
Contraindications: Asthma, Tachycardia
Side effects: Dry Mouth, Urine retention, Constipation
Interactions: Other antimuscarics
Eliminated: Neurotransmitter is reabsorbed
Morphine/ Diamorphine
Name: Morphine
Drug Class: Opiate
How it works: CNS affect
Indications: Acute pulmonary oedema and pain relief
Contraindication: Heart Failure
Side Effects: Constipation, drowsiness, nausea – most common
Interactions: Alcohol
Eliminated: Elimnated via the liver and kidneys so reduce dose for impairment.
Furosemide
Name: Furosimide
Drug Class: Loop Diuretic
How it works: Produces transient venodilation and subsequent diuresis
Indications: Acute pulmonary oedema/ hypertension
Contraindications: Avoid in renal failure
Side Effects: Gout
Interactions: Lithium, gentamycin
Eliminated: Liver and kidneys
Beta 2 adrenoreceptor agonist
Name: Salbutamol Drug Class: Beta2-adrenergic agonists How it works: Salbatumol is a Beta 2 adrenoceptor agonists; sympathetic response Indications: Asthma Contraindications: Arrythmias Side Effects: Nausea and headaches Fine tremor in the hands Interactions: Digoxin Eliminated: Kidneys
Ipratropium
Name: Ipratropium
Drug Class: Anticholinergic
Indications: Asthma
How it works: Anticholinergic causing airway dilation
Contraindications: Known or suspected cases of hypersensitivity
Side Effects: Hoarse voice and productive cough
Interactions: Allergy medication
Eliminated:??
Hydrocortisone
Name: Hydrocortisastab Drug Class: Corticosteroid Indications: Asthma How it works: Production of Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes inhibited Contraindications: bowel perforation Side Effects: Reduced immune response
Chlorophenamine
Name: Chlorophenamine
Drug Class: Antihistamine
Indications: Allergies and Anaphylactic shock
How it works: Blocks histamine receptor
Contraindications:
Side Effects: Blurred VisionHeadache Droswiness
Interactions: Aspirin
Eliminated: Liver (avoid in liver disease)
Flumazenil
Name: Romazicon
Drug Class: Anti benzodiazapiene
Indications: Benzo intoxication
Dextrose IV
Name: Glucose
Indications: Hypoglycaemia
Side effects: possible hyperglycaemia
Eliminated: lungs
Glucagon
Name: Glucagen
Drug class: Peptide hormone
Indications: Hypoglycaemis
How it works: Restores blood glucose levels
Naloxone
Name: Naloxone hydrocholoride
Drug Class: Opioid Receptor Antagonist
How does it work: affinity for opiod receptors so actively binds in the CNS replacing impact of options
Indications: Opioid overdose
Side Effects: Cardiac arrest, dizziness headache
Elimination: Metabolised in liver, excreted in kidneys
Diazepam/ Lorazepam
Name: Vallium
Drug Class: Benzodiazapine
How does it work: central muscle-relaxant – acts on GABA receptors in CNS
Indications: Epilepsy
Side Effects: Amnesia, ataxia, confusion, dependence, light-headedness, muscle weakness.
Elimination: Liver and excreted in kidney
