Drugs

Question 1

furosemide

Answer 1

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: loop diuretic
Site of action: thick ascending limb of LOH
MOA: NKCC inhibitor

Question 2

bumetanide

Answer 2

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: loop diuretic
Site of action: thick ascending limb of LOH
MOA: NKCC inhibitor

Question 3

ethancrynic acid

Answer 3

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: loop diuretic
Site of action: thick ascending limb of LOH
MOA: NKCC inhibitor

Question 4

cholorothiazide

Answer 4

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: thiazide type
Site of action: distal tubule
MOA: Na/Cl transporter inhibitor.

Question 5

benzothiadiazine

Answer 5

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: thiazide type
Site of action: distal tubule
MOA: Na/Cl transporter inhibitor.

Question 6

metolazone

Answer 6

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: thiazide type
Site of action: distal tubule
MOA: Na/Cl transporter inhibitor.

Question 7

spironolactone

Answer 7

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: K+ sparing
Site of action: collecting ducts
MOA: antagonist of aldosterone

Question 8

amiloride

Answer 8

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: K+ sparing
Site of action: collecting ducts
MOA: antagonist of ENaC

Question 9

triamtirene

Answer 9

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: K+ sparing
Site of action: collecting ducts
MOA: antagonist of ENaC

Question 10

acetazolamide

Answer 10

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Site of action: proximal tubule
MOA: inhibits carbonic anhydrase, thus reducing H2CO3 within the cells and consequently HCO3-/Na transporter reabsorption

Question 11

methazolamide

Answer 11

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Site of action: proximal tubule
MOA: inhibits carbonic anhydrase, thus reducing H2CO3 within the cells and consequently HCO3-/Na transporter reabsorption

Question 12

mannitol

Answer 12

Treatment for: diuretic
Class: osmotic diuretic
Site of action: all tubule segments
MOA: creates an osmotic gradient for water to flow out of the cell.

Question 13

metformin

Answer 13

Treatment for: diabetes
Class: Biguanid
MOA: gluconeogenesis inhibitor
Side effects: possible lactic acidosis

Question 14

novolog/humalog

Answer 14

Treatment for: diabetes
Class: insulin analog
MOA: stimulates uptake of glucose into cells. short acting.

Question 15

lantus

Answer 15

Treatment for: diabetes
Class: insulin analog
MOA: stimulates uptake of glucose into cells. long acting.

Question 16

glipizide

Answer 16

Treatment for: diabetes
Class: Sulfonylureas
MOA: K-channel blocker in pancreas. stimulates insulin release from beta cells

Question 17

glimepiride

Answer 17

Treatment for: diabetes
Class: Sulfonylureas
MOA: K-channel blocker in pancreas. stimulates insulin release from beta cells

Question 18

sitagliptin (januvia)

Answer 18

Treatment for: diabetes
MOA: glucagon suppressor. stimulates insulin release by blocking glucagon
Class: DPP4 inhibitor

Question 19

acarbose

Answer 19

Treatment for: diabetes
MOA: slows down glucose absorption. glucosidase inhibitor.
Side effects: flatulence and diarrhea

Question 20

gliflozin

Answer 20

Treatment for: diabetes

MOA: SGLT2 inhibitor. blocks renal glucose uptake in the proximal tubule

Question 21

Pioglitazone

Answer 21

Treatment for: diabetes
Class: thiazolidines
MOA: increases insulin sensitivity. activates PPARs to increase sensitivity to insulin in muscle/fat.
Side effects: hepatitis or liver failure

Question 22

levothyroxine

Answer 22

Treatment for: hypothyroidism
Class: T4 analog
MOA: replaces T4, converted to T3 within the body
Side effects: palpitation, bone tissue loss

Question 23

methimazole

Answer 23

Treatment for: hyperthyroidism
Class: Thioamide
MOA: thyroperoxidase inhibitor. blocks synthesis to T3/T4

Question 24

propylthiouracil

Answer 24

Treatment for: hyperthyroidism
Class: Thioamide
MOA: thyroperoxidase inhibitor. blocks synthesis to T3/T4

Question 25

Probenecid

Answer 25

Treatment for: gout | MOA: inhibitor of proximal tubule uric acid reabsorption

Question 26

prednisolone

Answer 26

Treatment for: non-toxic thyroiditis Class: corticosteroid MOA: immunosuppressant

Question 27

pegvisomant

Answer 27

Treatment for: acromegaly/gigantism Class: GHR inhibitor MOA: blocks GH receptor activaiton

Question 28

bromocriptine

Answer 28

Treatment for: pituitary tumors and prolactinomas Class: ergoline MOA: activated DOPA receptors to down-regulate pituitary activity

Question 29

hydrocortisone

Answer 29

Treatment for: Addison's Disease Class: corticosteroid MOA: acts as a cortisol analogue. immunosuppressant

Question 30

allopurinol

Answer 30

Treatment for: gout | MOA: suicide inhibitor of xanthine oxidase

Question 31

lispro

Answer 31

Treatment for: diabetes Class: insulin analog MOA: stimulates uptake of glucose into cells. short acting.

Question 32

aspart

Answer 32

Treatment for: diabetes Class: insulin analog MOA: stimulates uptake of glucose into cells. short acting.

Question 33

glulisine

Answer 33

Treatment for: diabetes Class: insulin analog MOA: stimulates uptake of glucose into cells. short acting.

Question 34

glargine

Answer 34

Treatment for: diabetes Class: insulin analog MOA: stimulates uptake of glucose into cells. long acting.

Question 35

determir

Answer 35

Treatment for: diabetes Class: insulin analog MOA: stimulates uptake of glucose into cells. long acting.

Question 36

rosiglitazone

Answer 36

Treatment for: diabetes Class: thiazolidines MOA: increases insulin sensitivity. activates PPARs to increase sensitivity to insulin in muscle/fat. Side effects: hepatitis or liver failure

Question 37

glyburide

Answer 37

Treatment for: diabetes Class: Sulfonylureas MOA: K-channel blocker in pancreas. stimulates insulin release from beta cells

Question 38

miglitol

Answer 38

Treatment for: diabetes MOA: slows down glucose absorption. glucosidase inhibitor. Side effects: flatulence and diarrhea

Question 39

GLP-1

Answer 39

Treatment for: diabetes MOA: stimulates biosynthesis of insulin Class: incretin

Question 40

Octreotide

Answer 40

somatostatin analogue

Question 41

bromocriptine

Answer 41

dopamine agonist