Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Renal II > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

How to change Mean arterial pressure

A

Change Cardiac output or change TPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hydralazine

A

Increase NO release
dilated arteries. not veins
first line treatment for hypertension pregnancy with methyldopa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carbonic anhydraze inhibitor

A

acetazolamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Loop diuretics

A

ethacrynic acid (not a sulfonamide)

Furosemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

thiazide diuretics

A

chlorothalidone
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Chlorothiazide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

K sparing diuretics

aldosterone antagonists

A

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

K sparring diuretics

Na sodium channel blockers

A

Amiloride -> not metabolized by liver

triamterene -> metabolized by liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

oncotic diutetics

A

mannitol

isosorbide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ADH antagonists

A

Conivaptan

tolovaptan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acetazolamide

A

inhibits carbonic anhydrase

will cause a decrease in body pH but a increase in urine pH

increasing diuresis and Na, HCO3 in the lumin.

used for altitude sickness, metabolic alkalosis, and glaucoma.

adverse effects: sulfonamide hypersensitivity, renal stones, paresthesias with high doses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

loop diuretics induce what type of synthesis

A

prostaglandin which increases blood flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

loop diuretic effects

A

decrease intracellular Na, K, Cl

OTOTOXICITY

decrease reabsorption of Mg and Ca.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ototoxicity

A

occurs from using loop diuretics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ethacrynic acid

A

a loop diuretic that can be used in people that are allergic to sulfa drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

drugs that cause sulfa reactions

A

Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hydrochlorothizaide (HCTZ)

A

a thiazide diuretic

Enhances the reabsorption of Ca in both the DCT and PCT.

used for nephrolithiasis, mild heart failure, and hypertension

More hyponatremic effects than loop diuretics (you lose more Na)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Spironolactone

A

K sparing drug that works by inhibiting the aldosterone receptor

only drug that doesn’t have to go into the lumin to have an effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

amiloride

A

K sparing diuretic. acts by inhibiting the ENaC channel.

use in lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

-pril
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ARBs

A

-sartans
Losartan
valsartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

renin secretion blockers

A

Clonidine

propranolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

renin inhibitors

A

Aliskiren

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

angiotensin II effects

A

Kidney: increase Na r and H2O retention

Brain: release of corticotropin and adiuretin, thirst

Adrenals: increase aldosterone production

Blood vessels: vasoconstriction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Captopril

A

ACEI

not a active metabolite

converts the formation of Angiotensin II. will have a backup of angiotensin I

Importantly will prevent the break down of bradykinin.

used in hypertension, heart failure, Prophylaxis for future cardiovascular events and nephropathy,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Lisinopril
ACEI that doesn't have a active metabolite.
26
ACEI that are excreted via liver and kidney
Fosinopril and tradolapril
27
Enalapril
ACEI Enalaprilat is the IV version. converts the formation of Angiotensin II. will have a backup of angiotensin I Importantly will prevent the break down of bradykinin. used in hypertension, heart failure, Prophylaxis for future cardiovascular events and nephropathy,
28
Drug to use in diabetic patients with HTN
ACEI
29
Adverse effects of ACEI
Cough from bradykinin accumulation. hyperkalemia -> avoid K sparing diuretics ``` angioedema Fetopathic potential (teratogen) ``` can cause a rapid decrease in GFR leading to acute renal failure. (happens in renal artery stenosis)
30
ACEI effects on the vessels
causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles more than the afferent will lead to less protein expression because we decrease the pressure in the glomerulus.
31
Angiotensin II receptors
AT1: major subtype. causes a activation of Gq, causes a increase of IP3 and DAG leading to increased Ca -> smooth muscle constriction. AT2: activates production of NO and Bradykinin -> causes smooth muscle dilation.
32
ARB effect
Angiotensin II receptor blocker blocks AT1 that will cause a decrease in Gq stimulation leading to decrease in [Ca] -> less smooth muscle contraction. No Effect on Bradykinin metabolism -> less cough.
33
aliskiren
Direct renin inhibitor blocks the conversion of Angiotensinogen to Ang I No increase of Bradykinin.
34
direct renin inhibitor effects concentrations
increase in Plasma [renin] decrease in renin activity, Ang I, Ang II ACE, Bradykinin, AT1 and 2 receptors are not effected
35
ACE inhibitor effects on Concentrations
increase in plasma [renin], PR activity, Ang-I, Bradykinin decrease in Ang II, ACE AT-I and 2 receptors are not effected
36
ARB effects on concentrations
Increase [PR] and activity, Ang-I and II no effect on ACE and bradykinin inhibition of AT-1 Stimulation of AT-2
37
Diuretics effects on Concentrations
Increase [PR] and activity, Ang-I and II
38
Ca channel blockers effects on concentrations
No effect on anything
39
Beta-blockers effect on concentrations
decreases [PR] and activity, Ang-I and II
40
Ca channel blocker types
Dihydropyridines (DHP) Non-dihydropyridines
41
Dihydropyridines (DHP)
-Pine Amlodipine Nifedipine
42
Non-DHP (non-dihydropyridines)
Diltiazem verapamil
43
K channel openers
Diazoxide Minoxidil
44
Dopamine agonist
Fenoldopam
45
NO donors
hydralazine Nitroprusside (nitropress)
46
Non-DHP effects
block L-type Ca channels which causes prominent cardiac effects (suppression of contractility as well as suppressing the SA and AV node) as well as acting on vascular tissues -> vasodilation.
47
DHP effects
Predominantly arteriolar vasodilation even though it still block L-type Ca channels.
48
L type Ca channels
type of Ca channels in cardiac myocytes, SA and AV nodal cells.
49
Diltiazem and verapamil contraindications
Non-DHP Ca channel blockers. Not to be used with Beta-blockers -> can lead to AV blocks. also don't use in patients with ventricular dysfunction and systolic
50
Amlodipine
Ca channel blocker (DHP type). can be used in hypertension (especially when combined with a Beta blocker "to contract reflex tachycardia"), hypertensive emergencies, angina (reduces demand of 02 on the heart)
51
Nifedipine
Ca channel blocker (DHP type). can be used in hypertension (especially when combined with a Beta blocker "to contract reflex tachycardia"), hypertensive emergencies, angina (reduces demand of 02 on the heart)
52
Potassium channel openers action
cause increase permeability of K which will stabilize the resting membrane potential reducing the probability of contraction.
53
Diazoxide
K channel opener can cause excessive hypotension and cause stroke & MI known to cause hyperglycemia.
54
Minoxidil
K channel opener causes arteriolar vasodilation used in sever hypertension and baldness (topical) Causes reflex tachycardia and edema. must be used with Beta blocker and diuretic.
55
Minoxidil required other drugs
Beta blocker and Diuretic. this is needed because the K channel opener causes edema and reflex tachycardia.
56
fenoldopam
D1 receptor agonist. renal affarent vessels contain d1 receptors used in hypertensive emergencies and post operative HTN
57
fenoldopam adverse effects
D1 receptor agonist can cause tachycardia, headache, and flushing. Don't use in glaucoma due to increase in interocular pressure
58
Hydralazine
NO modulator causes dilation of arterioles but not veins. first line oral therapy in pregnancy with methyldopa. combine with Nitrates for patients in heart failure. cause cause fluid and Na retention, reflex tachycardia, lupus like syndrome
59
nitroprusside
NO modulator causes dilation of both the art. and Veins -> decreases TPR decreased both preload and after load. mainly relaxes large veins which decreases preload. minor effects on after load. can cause excessive hypotension and cyanide poisoning.
60
Labetalol
nonselective Beta and alpha-1 blocker partial agonist at Beta 2 causes vasodialaition used for sever hypertension and hypertension during pregnancy
61
carvedilol
non-selective beta and alpha-1 blocker causes vasodilation has antioxidant properties
62
nebivolol
Beta-3 partial agonist. causes vasodilation
63
Propranolol
non selective beta blocker
64
metoprolol
Beta 1 selective blocker
65
atenolol
Beta 1 selective blocker
66
Beta blockers predispose you to what
Diabetes especially when combined with Thiazide diuretics.
67
esmolol
very rapid onset beta-1 blocker used via IV infusion. used in electroconvulsive therapy
68
Prazosin
a Alpha-1 blocker that will cause the dilation
69
Clonidine
alpha-2 agonist will cause a decrease in sympathetic effect. IV: causes increase BP (peripheral alpha2B) followed by decreased BP (central Alpha 2A recptors) Oral and patch: decreased BP (decrease C.O., preload) used in essential hypertension, adjunct for narcotic, alcohol, and tobacco withdrawal. Side effects: Sudden withdrawal causes hypertensive crisis.
70
Methyldopa
a false neurotransmitter. gets converted to methyl-NE and is stored and released. acts on central Alpha-2 receptors -> decreases BP side effects, sedation, dry mouth, sexual dysfunction, postural hypotension, anemia Used to treat hypertension in pregnancy
71
Beta blockers used for MI
Metoprolol, carvedilol, & bisoprolol
72
Chlorothiazide
the only thiazide diuretic that can be given via parenteral administration.
73
Eplerenone
K sparing androgen inhibitor that is more receptor sensitive and has less anti-androgen effect that spironolactone
74
triamterene
potassium sparing diuretic that can cause the formation of kidney stones
75
Nitroglycerin
A NO acting drug. used in a patient that has MI or unstable angina you will want to give Nitroglycerin because it dilates veins more than arteriole

Renal II (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions