Drugs Flashcards
Class of enalopril, captopril, lisinopril, ramipril
ACE inhibitors
Name ACE inhibitors
End in -PRIL
Name ACE inhibitors and their MOA
Enalopril, captopril, lisinopril, ramipril; MOA: inhibitor angiotensin converting enzyme, less angiotensin II, decreased glomerular filtration rate by preventing constriction of efferent arterioles
Class of losartin, cadesartan, valsartan?
Competitive angiotensin II receptor blockers
Name Angiotensin II receptor blockers?
End in -ARTAN; Losartan, candesartan, valsartan
Name Angiotensin II receptor blockers and their MOA?
end in -artan; bind competitively to angiotensin II receptors located on smooth muscle, allowing them to relax (Lowers BP), also prevents Na reabsorption.
Class of Metoprolol, Propranolol, esmolol, atenolol
Beta blockers
Name beta blockers
End in -olol
Name beta blockers and their MOA
End in -olol; decrease SA and AV nodal activity by decreasing cAMP, decreasing calcium currents. Decrease slope of Phase 4
What is the selectivity of beta blockers?
Drugs that Block Beta-1 start with A through M, Drugs that block beta-2 start with N to Z. Nonselective (both alpha and beta) have modified suffixes (not “-olol”)
What is the MOA of digoxin?
Inhibits Na/K ATPase, increasing intracellular Na, which will decrease the activity of the Na/Ca exchanger, increasing intracellular calcium and increasing muscle contractility, stimulates vagus nerve decreasing HR
Name HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
End in -statins
MOA of statins
Inhibit HMG CoA reductase, preventing its conversion into mevalonate, a cholesterol precursor
Name Bile Acid resins
Cholestyrimine, colestipol, colesevelam
Name Bile acid resins and their MOA
cholestyrimine, colestipol, colesevelam; Prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids, making liver use more cholesterol to make bile
MOA of Ezetimibe
Prevent cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border
Name fibrates
Gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezefibrate, fenofibrate
Name Fibrates and their MOA
gemfibrozil, clofibrtae, bezafibrate, fenofibrate; MOA: Upregulate LPL, increasing TG clearance, activates PPAR-alpha to induce HDL synthesis
MOA of Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Inhibits lypolysis (hormone-sensitive lipase) in adipose tissue; reduces hepatic VLDL synthesis
Side effects of niacin
Red, flush face, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia
MOA of Nitroglycerin
Increase NO in smooth muscle –> Increase cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation –> Increased vasodilation –> decrease preload
Name potassium-sparing diuretic?
Spironolactone, eplerenone, Triamterine, Amiloride (The K+ STAys)
Name and MOA of potassium-sparing diuretic?
Spirinolactone, eplerenone, Triamterine, Amiloride; Competitive antagonism of aldosterone at the aldosterone receptor in the distal convoluted tubule
MOA of Hydralazine?
Increased cGMP –> smooth muscle relaxation.
