Drugs Flashcards
Ciprofloxacin
Stops DNA replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase. Quinolone drug.
AZT
Anti-viral nucleoside analogue. Utilized by reverse transcriptase. There is not free 3’OH, so DNA synthesis stops. Treatment for HIV because it stops reverse transcriptase.
Acyclovir
Acts in cells that possess viral thymidine kinase. Targets infected cells. Causes chain termination due to lack of the 3’OH.Nucleotide base analogue
Tenofovir.
Anti-viral nucleotide base analogue. Incorporates itself into the newly forming HIV, which terminates the elonging of the DNA chain.
Cytosine Arabinoside (araC)
Cytosine nucleoside analogue. Good for treating leukemias. Stops chain lengthening due to the fact that there can’t be a phosphodiester bond at the 3’OH group.
Adenosine Arabinoside (araA)
Anti-cancer drug (specifically leukemias). 3’OH present in a planar configuration, keeping DNA strand from elongating. Anti-neoplasticism agent and can treat Herpes simplex.
Decitabine and 5-azacytidine
Cytosine analogues. Causes hypomethylation and can bind/inhibit DNA methyl transferase enzymes. Typically hypomethylate tumor suppressor genes, allowing them to function better.
Campothecin
Anti cancer drug. Inhibits topoisomerase I. This makes it to where the tension can’t be released and the DNA breaks. Inhibits replication.
Etoposide
Anti-cancer drug. Inhibits the activity of topoisomerase II, cause the DNA to break. Inhibits replication.
Actinomycin D.
Inhibits replication by preventing the formation of ssDNA and also inhibits RNA transcription (because it prevents DNA from separating). The ring intercalates between bases and keeps it from being unwound. Anti cancer drug (chemo)
Rifampin
Antibiotic derided by streptomyces. Inhibits the initiation of transcription by binding to RNA polymerase in prokaryotes. Treats tuberculosis. Can lead to drug resistance.
