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Diabetes > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Metformin (glucopaghe) ACTION

A

Lowers glucose by decreasing glucose from liver

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2
Q

Metformin

When taken alone

A

Does not cause hypoglycemia

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3
Q

Metformin contraindications

A

With pts with impaired renal function

Meteor in is excreted thru kidneys

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4
Q

Metformin decreases synthesis of…

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

When would you hold metformin?

A

2days before and after contrast

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6
Q

Metformin S/S

A

Diarrhea,hypoglycemia,lactic acidosis(rapid breathing, excessive sweating, n/v belly pain

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7
Q

Glipizides action

A

Secretion of pancreas to produce insulin

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8
Q

Glipizides S/S

A

Hypoglycemia,abd upset, ha, w gain due to edema, osmotic diuresis (excessive urination)

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9
Q

Sick day

A

Always continue insulin
Attempt to consume frequent small portion
Check blood glucose and urine ketones q 3-4 hrs

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10
Q

Diabetes and glucocorticoids…

A

Corticosteroids increase insulin level insulin needs to be adjusted

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11
Q

Hypoglycemia def?

A

BG falls less than 70

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12
Q

Severe hypoglycemia?

A

BG falls less than 40

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13
Q

When can hypoglycemia occur?

A

Too much insulin
Oral hypoglycemic agents
Too little food
Excessive physical activity

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14
Q

With renal pts?

A

No orange juice

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15
Q

Mild hypoglycemia S/S

A 
Sweating
Hunger
Tremors
Tacky
Palpitations 
Nervousness
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16
Q

Moderate hypoglycemia s/s

Brain cells are deprived from glucose

A 
Inability to concentrate 
Ha
Lightheadness 
Confusion
Memory loss
Numbness or lips and tongue
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17
Q

Severe hypoglycemia s/s

A

Disorientation
Loss of consciousness
Seizures

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18
Q

Treatment for hypoglycemia?

A

15-20g of simple carbohydrates
Unconscious pt 1mg of glucagon
After injection can be 20min to regain consciousness

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19
Q

Complications of hypoglycemia

A

Hypoglycemic coma

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20
Q

Hypoglycemia intervention

A 
Don't skip meals
Eat at regular times
Carry simple form of glucose
Monitor glucose before and after exercise 
Have snack before exercising
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21
Q

Hyperglycemia s/s

A

Hot and dry sugar high

3ps

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22
Q

Hyperglycemia complications

A

HHNS

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23
Q

Hyperglycemia intervention

A

Viral infections can increase bs
Put in pain will increase bs
Administer insulin prior to surgery

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24
Q

DKA

A 
Type 1
Deficiency of insulin
Ketones
Metabolic acidosis
Acetone breath(due to ketones)
Potassium is high
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25
Q

DKA intervention

A

Monitor heart
Rapid hydration
IV solution
Isotonic solution when it insulin goes up then hypotonic sodium bicarb to correct acidosis

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26
Q

HHNS

A

Dehydration

No ketones

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27
Q

Who usually has HHNS

A

Pts that untreated or undiagnosed with dm 2

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28
Q

HHNS usually in?

A

Older adults

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29
Q

DKA and electrolytes sodium? Potassium?

A

Increases due to water loss

Potassium low due to diuresis

30
Q

HHNS electrolytes sodium?

A

High due to water loss

Potassium low due to diuresis

31
Q

DKA BUN?

A

Increase due to dehydration also with HHNS

32
Q

DKA ph

A

Metabolic acidosis kussmal resp

33
Q

Hyperthyroidism s/s

A 
Diarrhea
Warm moist skin
Tremors
Irritable
Hungry but still lose w
34
Q

Hyperthyroidism complications

A

Hf
Osteoporosis
Blurry vision
Red swollen skin

35
Q

Hyperthyroidism nursing implications

A 
Monitor vitals 
Fluids
High calorie
High protein
Provide eye protection
W daily
36
Q

Hyperthyroidism SSKI

A 
Take it with straw 
Statins teeth
With juice and meals
Watch for fever sores
Decrease platelets and wbc
Susceptible for bruising
37
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Keep in cool environment
May have exophthalmos
Beta blockers for slowing her

38
Q

Thyroidectomy

A 
Have teach at bediside
Check insicion for bleeding or hematoma
Check back of neck for bleeding
High fosters
Keep head aligned
Humidifier 
Check for hypocalcemia 
Ask or to speak
39
Q

Thyroidectomy complications

A

Monitor for parathyroid gland damage

Monitor for muscle spams, tingling, numbness of mouth distal extremities

40
Q

Chvosteks sign

A

Twitching of face muscles

Administer calcium glucopaghe

41
Q

Trousseaus sing

A

Carpopedal spams caused by inflating a. Blood pressure for 3 min
Administer calcium glucopaghe

Above systolic pressure for

42
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto disease

And myxedema coma

43
Q

Hypothyroidism s/s

A 
Tiredness
Loss of interest
Dry hair
Puffy faces and eyes
Slow heart beat
Cold intolerance
W gain
Heavy menstrual pds 
Constipation 
Brittle nails
44
Q

Hypothyroidism complications

A 
Heart disease
Cardiac enlargement
Decreased mental function
Depression
Decreased fertility
45
Q

Hypothyroidism nursing

A 
Blankets
Fluids
Cough and deep breath
Low calorie high bulk diet
Stool softness
Food high in iron, calcium, zinc, and mag may prevent absorption
46
Q

Levothyroxine s/e

A 
Anxiety
Tacky
Palpitations 
Altered appetite
Abd cramping
W loss
Insomnia
Tremors
47
Q

Prostate cancer

A 
Trouble urinating
Decreased force in stream of urine
Hematuria 
Blood in semen
Pain in back tighs , hips
Bone pain erectile disfunction
Dribbling
Prostate hardens
Rubbery lump should be soft
48
Q

Diagnosing prostate cancer

A

Digital rectal exam
Serum prostate specific antigen
Ultrasound guided TRUS with biopsy
Confirmed by tissue removed surgically with TURP

49
Q

Prostate cancer treatment

A

Radiation

Chemo

50
Q

TURP CBI care

A

Peri care ad

51
Q

Nursing interventions TURP

A 
Asses bladder distinction
Supra public discomfort
Bloody drainage first 24hr
Irrigate PRN
Prune juice or laxatives
Fluids
52
Q

Complications of CBI

A 
Hemorrhage 
Fluid retention
Signs of fluid overload edema
Crackels 
Increased bp and her
Mild dispnea
53
Q

BPH s/s treatment

A

Decreased force of urine
Interrupted urine stream
Urinary hesitancy

54
Q

BPH risk factors

A 
Smoking
Obesity
Alcohol consumption 
Htn 
Diabetes
Activity level
Diet heart disease
55
Q

Bph treatment

A

Chemotherapy (proscar) pregnant must stay away
Terasozin
Flomax
Surgery TURP supra pubic or retropubic prostatectomy

56
Q

Candidiasis

A

Fungus yeast infection
Cottage cheese
Itchy odorless

57
Q

Candidiasis risk factors

A 
Abt 
Dm
Corticosteroids 
Hiv 
Contraceptive
58
Q

Candidiasis med

A

Anti fungal
Zole
Nystatin
Diflucan one time dose

59
Q

Trachomoniasis

A

Std
Strawberry spots vaginal surface and cervix
Discharge yellow brown

60
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A 
Malodorous 
Yellow gray discharge
Fishy
Metronidazole 
Flatly
61
Q

A p renal system function

A

Regulates fluid and electrolytes, removes metabolic waste, controls acid base balance, produces erythropoietin, eliminates drugs and toxic substances, activates vitamin d, urine formation,

62
Q

Polyuria

A

Greater than 2500ml

63
Q

Oliguria

A

Less than 500

64
Q

Anuria non passage of urine

A

Less than 50

65
Q

Cyatoscopy

A

Tube going up the urethra thru bladder to visualize

66
Q

24 hr urine collection

A

Used to check kidney function

Used to look at creatinine clearance and to see if there’s protein in the urine

67
Q

Bun and creatine

A

Elevated decreased renal function

Decreased reduced renal blood flow

68
Q

Voiding cystouretrography

A

Visualizes bladder and urethra while pt voids, catheter and contrast are used

69
Q

Specific gravity

A

1.010-1.025 higher the more concentration

The lower the more diluted the urine

70
Q

TURP surgical treatment

A

Used to relieve obstruction caused by enlarged prostate

71
Q

Complications TURP

A 
Blood in urine
Painful urination
Infection
Bleeding
Retrograde ejaculation semen goes into bladder and not the penis
72
Q

Renal calculi

A

Stone disease common in ureter bladder kidneys

Colicky pain

Diabetes (1 decks)

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