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Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Metformin (glucopaghe) ACTION

A

Lowers glucose by decreasing glucose from liver

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2
Q

Metformin

When taken alone

A

Does not cause hypoglycemia

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3
Q

Metformin contraindications

A

With pts with impaired renal function

Meteor in is excreted thru kidneys

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4
Q

Metformin decreases synthesis of…

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

When would you hold metformin?

A

2days before and after contrast

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6
Q

Metformin S/S

A

Diarrhea,hypoglycemia,lactic acidosis(rapid breathing, excessive sweating, n/v belly pain

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7
Q

Glipizides action

A

Secretion of pancreas to produce insulin

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8
Q

Glipizides S/S

A

Hypoglycemia,abd upset, ha, w gain due to edema, osmotic diuresis (excessive urination)

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9
Q

Sick day

A

Always continue insulin
Attempt to consume frequent small portion
Check blood glucose and urine ketones q 3-4 hrs

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10
Q

Diabetes and glucocorticoids…

A

Corticosteroids increase insulin level insulin needs to be adjusted

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11
Q

Hypoglycemia def?

A

BG falls less than 70

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12
Q

Severe hypoglycemia?

A

BG falls less than 40

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13
Q

When can hypoglycemia occur?

A

Too much insulin
Oral hypoglycemic agents
Too little food
Excessive physical activity

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14
Q

With renal pts?

A

No orange juice

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15
Q

Mild hypoglycemia S/S

A 
Sweating
Hunger
Tremors
Tacky
Palpitations 
Nervousness
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16
Q

Moderate hypoglycemia s/s

Brain cells are deprived from glucose

A 
Inability to concentrate 
Ha
Lightheadness 
Confusion
Memory loss
Numbness or lips and tongue
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17
Q

Severe hypoglycemia s/s

A

Disorientation
Loss of consciousness
Seizures

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18
Q

Treatment for hypoglycemia?

A

15-20g of simple carbohydrates
Unconscious pt 1mg of glucagon
After injection can be 20min to regain consciousness

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19
Q

Complications of hypoglycemia

A

Hypoglycemic coma

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20
Q

Hypoglycemia intervention

A 
Don't skip meals
Eat at regular times
Carry simple form of glucose
Monitor glucose before and after exercise 
Have snack before exercising
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21
Q

Hyperglycemia s/s

A

Hot and dry sugar high

3ps

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22
Q

Hyperglycemia complications

A

HHNS

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23
Q

Hyperglycemia intervention

A

Viral infections can increase bs
Put in pain will increase bs
Administer insulin prior to surgery

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24
Q

DKA

A 
Type 1
Deficiency of insulin
Ketones
Metabolic acidosis
Acetone breath(due to ketones)
Potassium is high
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25
DKA intervention
Monitor heart Rapid hydration IV solution Isotonic solution when it insulin goes up then hypotonic sodium bicarb to correct acidosis
26
HHNS
Dehydration | No ketones
27
Who usually has HHNS
Pts that untreated or undiagnosed with dm 2
28
HHNS usually in?
Older adults
29
DKA and electrolytes sodium? Potassium?
Increases due to water loss | Potassium low due to diuresis
30
HHNS electrolytes sodium?
High due to water loss | Potassium low due to diuresis
31
DKA BUN?
Increase due to dehydration also with HHNS
32
DKA ph
Metabolic acidosis kussmal resp
33
Hyperthyroidism s/s
``` Diarrhea Warm moist skin Tremors Irritable Hungry but still lose w ```
34
Hyperthyroidism complications
Hf Osteoporosis Blurry vision Red swollen skin
35
Hyperthyroidism nursing implications
``` Monitor vitals Fluids High calorie High protein Provide eye protection W daily ```
36
Hyperthyroidism SSKI
``` Take it with straw Statins teeth With juice and meals Watch for fever sores Decrease platelets and wbc Susceptible for bruising ```
37
Graves' disease
Keep in cool environment May have exophthalmos Beta blockers for slowing her
38
Thyroidectomy
``` Have teach at bediside Check insicion for bleeding or hematoma Check back of neck for bleeding High fosters Keep head aligned Humidifier Check for hypocalcemia Ask or to speak ```
39
Thyroidectomy complications
Monitor for parathyroid gland damage | Monitor for muscle spams, tingling, numbness of mouth distal extremities
40
Chvosteks sign
Twitching of face muscles | Administer calcium glucopaghe
41
Trousseaus sing
Carpopedal spams caused by inflating a. Blood pressure for 3 min Administer calcium glucopaghe Above systolic pressure for
42
Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto disease | And myxedema coma
43
Hypothyroidism s/s
``` Tiredness Loss of interest Dry hair Puffy faces and eyes Slow heart beat Cold intolerance W gain Heavy menstrual pds Constipation Brittle nails ```
44
Hypothyroidism complications
``` Heart disease Cardiac enlargement Decreased mental function Depression Decreased fertility ```
45
Hypothyroidism nursing
``` Blankets Fluids Cough and deep breath Low calorie high bulk diet Stool softness Food high in iron, calcium, zinc, and mag may prevent absorption ```
46
Levothyroxine s/e
``` Anxiety Tacky Palpitations Altered appetite Abd cramping W loss Insomnia Tremors ```
47
Prostate cancer
``` Trouble urinating Decreased force in stream of urine Hematuria Blood in semen Pain in back tighs , hips Bone pain erectile disfunction Dribbling Prostate hardens Rubbery lump should be soft ```
48
Diagnosing prostate cancer
Digital rectal exam Serum prostate specific antigen Ultrasound guided TRUS with biopsy Confirmed by tissue removed surgically with TURP
49
Prostate cancer treatment
Radiation | Chemo
50
TURP CBI care
Peri care ad
51
Nursing interventions TURP
``` Asses bladder distinction Supra public discomfort Bloody drainage first 24hr Irrigate PRN Prune juice or laxatives Fluids ```
52
Complications of CBI
``` Hemorrhage Fluid retention Signs of fluid overload edema Crackels Increased bp and her Mild dispnea ```
53
BPH s/s treatment
Decreased force of urine Interrupted urine stream Urinary hesitancy
54
BPH risk factors
``` Smoking Obesity Alcohol consumption Htn Diabetes Activity level Diet heart disease ```
55
Bph treatment
Chemotherapy (proscar) pregnant must stay away Terasozin Flomax Surgery TURP supra pubic or retropubic prostatectomy
56
Candidiasis
Fungus yeast infection Cottage cheese Itchy odorless
57
Candidiasis risk factors
``` Abt Dm Corticosteroids Hiv Contraceptive ```
58
Candidiasis med
Anti fungal Zole Nystatin Diflucan one time dose
59
Trachomoniasis
Std Strawberry spots vaginal surface and cervix Discharge yellow brown
60
Bacterial vaginosis
``` Malodorous Yellow gray discharge Fishy Metronidazole Flatly ```
61
A p renal system function
Regulates fluid and electrolytes, removes metabolic waste, controls acid base balance, produces erythropoietin, eliminates drugs and toxic substances, activates vitamin d, urine formation,
62
Polyuria
Greater than 2500ml
63
Oliguria
Less than 500
64
Anuria non passage of urine
Less than 50
65
Cyatoscopy
Tube going up the urethra thru bladder to visualize
66
24 hr urine collection
Used to check kidney function | Used to look at creatinine clearance and to see if there's protein in the urine
67
Bun and creatine
Elevated decreased renal function | Decreased reduced renal blood flow
68
Voiding cystouretrography
Visualizes bladder and urethra while pt voids, catheter and contrast are used
69
Specific gravity
1.010-1.025 higher the more concentration | The lower the more diluted the urine
70
TURP surgical treatment
Used to relieve obstruction caused by enlarged prostate
71
Complications TURP
``` Blood in urine Painful urination Infection Bleeding Retrograde ejaculation semen goes into bladder and not the penis ```
72
Renal calculi
Stone disease common in ureter bladder kidneys | Colicky pain

Diabetes (1 decks)

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