Drugs Flashcards
Drugs for hypothyroidism.
Levothyroxine is a replacement for a hormone normally produced by your thyroid gland to regulate the body’s energy and metabolism. Levothyroxine is given when the thyroid does not produce enough of this hormone on its own.
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. Everything slows down. slow speech lethargy hyporeflexia hypotension Bradycardia anaemia weight gain low body temp
Hyperthyroidism
Overproduction of hormones. Everything becomes stimulated. Cns activated cv activated metabolic rate increased
What is Goitre
Abnormal swelling of the thyroid gland that causes a lump to form in the neck. underactive insufficient t3 or t4.no negative feedback meaning no t3or t4 being produced.
Overactive
Graves diseases.autoimmune condition.body produces antibodies which mimic tsh.
carbimazole
Used to treat hyperthyroidism.inhibits production of thyroxine.Absorbed at the gut converted by liver to active form.methimazole is responsible for antithyroid activity.reduces formation of t3+t4
Side effects of carbimazole
Nausea, allergic rash/itching Agranulocytosis.can transfer across placenta causing nenoatl hypothyroidism
Too much calcium In blood.
Parathyroid hormones promote calcium reabsorption from the kidney.
Calcitonin(c cells)
Inhibit osteoclasts and reabsorption from kidney causing decrease plasma Calcium levels.
Calcitroil(vitamin d)
Increases plasma calcium levels by increasing bone mobilisation and increase reabsorption from gut.
Hypcalcaemia
Inadequate intake of calcium.Deficiency in PTH or lack of vitamin D.. Renal problems.
Symptoms of hypocalcaemia
Neuromuscular problems.muscle cramps.mental deficiency.fits.
Treatment for Hypocalcaemia
Calcitriol used to treat vitamin D deficiency can be combined with calcium to manage and prevent osteoporosis.
Hypercalcaemia
Requires urgent attention.causes problems with kidney stones renal failure.muscle problems cardiac arrest.
Treatments for Hypercalcaemia
Biphosphonates.Alendroic Acids slows rate of bone growth.prevents calcium loss from bones.used to treat osteoporosis.side effects abdominal pain gI disturbances. Calcitonin.
Steroids
Corticosteroids group of steroids hormones produced in the adrenal cortex
Minneralcirticoids
Maintain electrolyte balance.Aldosterone functions to reabsorb sodium from kidney tubules.
Fludrocortisone
Used to treat Addison diseas. Binds to aldosterone receptor causing increase in ion and water and transport. Rises extra cellular fluid and blood pressure lowers potassium levels.
Glucocorticoids
Promotes normal metabolism by increasing amino acids. Increases resistant to stress. Change blood cell levels in plasma increases haemoglobin erythrocytes platelet. Have an anti-inflammatory effec.
Hydrocortisone
Main glucocorticoid secreted by adrenal cortex.used to treat endocrine horns, disorder
.Addison disease. Works by suppressing variety of important cardiovascular metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic functions.
Prednisolone
Given orally works by reducing inflammatory reaction by limiting the capillary dilation and permeable of vascular structures.
Methyprednixolone
Glucocorticoid can inhibit leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation.can be given parentally. Used to prevent rejection rejection in transplant patients.
Dexamethasone+beclometasone
D:given orally and parentally high Anti inflammatory action .used to treat cerebral odema.Beclometasone:used to treat asthma.given by inhalation brown inhaler
Side effects of glcorcortoids
Baffalo hump.Hypertentsion.increased abdominal fat.muscle wasting thinning of skin osteoporosis. Growth delay
