Drugs

Question 1

Drugs for hypothyroidism.

Answer 1

Levothyroxine is a replacement for a hormone normally produced by your thyroid gland to regulate the body’s energy and metabolism. Levothyroxine is given when the thyroid does not produce enough of this hormone on its own.

Question 2

Hypothyroidism

Answer 2

Thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. Everything slows down. slow speech lethargy hyporeflexia hypotension Bradycardia anaemia weight gain low body temp

Question 3

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 3

Overproduction of hormones. Everything becomes stimulated. Cns activated cv activated metabolic rate increased

Question 4

What is Goitre

Answer 4

Abnormal swelling of the thyroid gland that causes a lump to form in the neck. underactive insufficient t3 or t4.no negative feedback meaning no t3or t4 being produced.

Question 5

Overactive

Answer 5

Graves diseases.autoimmune condition.body produces antibodies which mimic tsh.

Question 6

carbimazole

Answer 6

Used to treat hyperthyroidism.inhibits production of thyroxine.Absorbed at the gut converted by liver to active form.methimazole is responsible for antithyroid activity.reduces formation of t3+t4

Question 7

Side effects of carbimazole

Answer 7

Nausea, allergic rash/itching Agranulocytosis.can transfer across placenta causing nenoatl hypothyroidism

Question 8

Too much calcium In blood.

Answer 8

Parathyroid hormones promote calcium reabsorption from the kidney.

Question 9

Calcitonin(c cells)

Answer 9

Inhibit osteoclasts and reabsorption from kidney causing decrease plasma Calcium levels.

Question 10

Calcitroil(vitamin d)

Answer 10

Increases plasma calcium levels by increasing bone mobilisation and increase reabsorption from gut.

Question 11

Hypcalcaemia

Answer 11

Inadequate intake of calcium.Deficiency in PTH or lack of vitamin D.. Renal problems.

Question 12

Symptoms of hypocalcaemia

Answer 12

Neuromuscular problems.muscle cramps.mental deficiency.fits.

Question 13

Treatment for Hypocalcaemia

Answer 13

Calcitriol used to treat vitamin D deficiency can be combined with calcium to manage and prevent osteoporosis.

Question 14

Hypercalcaemia

Answer 14

Requires urgent attention.causes problems with kidney stones renal failure.muscle problems cardiac arrest.

Question 15

Treatments for Hypercalcaemia

Answer 15

Biphosphonates.Alendroic Acids slows rate of bone growth.prevents calcium loss from bones.used to treat osteoporosis.side effects abdominal pain gI disturbances. Calcitonin.

Question 16

Steroids

Answer 16

Corticosteroids group of steroids hormones produced in the adrenal cortex

Question 17

Minneralcirticoids

Answer 17

Maintain electrolyte balance.Aldosterone functions to reabsorb sodium from kidney tubules.

Question 18

Fludrocortisone

Answer 18

Used to treat Addison diseas. Binds to aldosterone receptor causing increase in ion and water and transport. Rises extra cellular fluid and blood pressure lowers potassium levels.

Question 19

Glucocorticoids

Answer 19

Promotes normal metabolism by increasing amino acids. Increases resistant to stress. Change blood cell levels in plasma increases haemoglobin erythrocytes platelet. Have an anti-inflammatory effec.

Question 20

Hydrocortisone

Answer 20

Main glucocorticoid secreted by adrenal cortex.used to treat endocrine horns, disorder
.Addison disease. Works by suppressing variety of important cardiovascular metabolic, immunologic and homeostatic functions.

Question 21

Prednisolone

Answer 21

Given orally works by reducing inflammatory reaction by limiting the capillary dilation and permeable of vascular structures.

Question 22

Methyprednixolone

Answer 22

Glucocorticoid can inhibit leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation.can be given parentally. Used to prevent rejection rejection in transplant patients.

Question 23

Dexamethasone+beclometasone

Answer 23

D:given orally and parentally high Anti inflammatory action .used to treat cerebral odema.Beclometasone:used to treat asthma.given by inhalation brown inhaler

Question 24

Side effects of glcorcortoids

Answer 24

Baffalo hump.Hypertentsion.increased abdominal fat.muscle wasting thinning of skin osteoporosis. Growth delay

Question 25

Oral contraceptive

Answer 25

Combine pill inhibits ovulation.taken for 21days stopped for 7.side effects mi strokes hypertension.headaches cervical breast.

Question 26

Progesterone

Answer 26

Acts on he uterus mammory glands and brain.required in embryo implantation.pregnancy maintains.mini pill prevent embryo implantation inhibits ovulation

Question 27

Hormone replacement therapy

Answer 27

Post menopausal women.decreases in oestrogen levels increase In LH /fsh. Cessation of evaluation

Question 28

Tamoxifen,

Answer 28

Use to treat breast cancer.oestrogen receptor antagonist.

Question 29

Clomiphene

Answer 29

Stimulates ovulation.used as a fertility treatment.oestrogen antagonist at receptor in the hypothalamus inhibits negative feedback of fsh/LH

Question 30

Somatrophin

Answer 30

Analogue of hgh.administered parentally for short stature in children.

Question 31

Oxytocin

Answer 31

Used to induce labour. Prostaglandin causes muscle contraction.