Drugs Flashcards
What is the action of calcium channel blockers?
vasodilation
What is the action of vasoconstrictors?
Increase calcium, which reduces cAMP
Increases MLCK(myosin light chain kinase) = smooth muscle contraction
What is the action of vasodilators?
Reduce calcium, which increases cAMP
Reduce MLCK (myosin light chain kinase) = smooth muscle dilation
What is the action of thrombotoeitin receptor agonsits?
Increase platelet count in cases of thrombocytopenia.
What is the action of GPIIb/GPIIIa (fibrinogen receptor) blockers?
Reduces platelet aggregation so it is an antiplatelet agent.
What is the action of disintegrins from snake venom?
They are peptides that block all integrin receptors - they are antiplatelet agents.
What is the action of Thrombolitic agents?
They are injected to dissolve clots. They directly or indirectly activate the conversion of
plasminogen —-> plasmin (protease that breaks down the fibrin clot)
List 2 calcium channel blockers
- Amlodipine (reduces myocardial oxygen demand and peripheral resistance[afterload])
- Nifedipine
both are vasodilators
Name 8 vasodilators:
- Lisinopril (ACE inhibitor)
- Aliskeren (Renin inhibitor)
- Propanolol (Beta blocker)
- Prazonin (Alpha blocker)
- Eporostenol (Prostacyclin)
- Bosentan (Endothelin-1 receptor blocker)
- Nesiritide (ANP Receptor agonist)
- Nitroglycerine (Nitrate vasodilator)
Name 2 thrombopoeitin receptor agonsits:
Romiplostin
Eltrombopag
Name 4 antiplatelet agents:
- Abciximab - monoclonal antibody that binds to the fibrinogen receptor and causes static hindrance.
- Triofiban - Disintegrin from snake venom (saw-scaled viper echis carihatus).
- Eptifibatide - Disintegrin from snake venom (southeastern pygmy rattlesnake).
- Clopidogrel - Prodrug (metabolized by P450) that binds to ADP receptor on platelets (P2Y12) and inhibits binding of ADP to Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibiting platelet aggregation. It is reversible.
Name 6 anticoagulants
- Heparin - Binds antithrombin III - thrombin creating a complex and inhibiting thrombin activity. IV or SubQ. Neutralized by protamine sulfate.
- Enoxaparin - Low MW heparin from intestinal mucosa of pigs. For DVT. SubQ.
- Hirudin - Direct thrombin inhibitor. Does not require antithrombin III. (70% effective vs 30% for heparin)
- Dabigatran - Direct thrombin inhibitor. Oral Prodrug. Irreversible in the event of major bleeding unlike warfarin.
- Rivaroxaban - Direct factor Xa inhibitor(free and bound) to reduce thrombin. Rapid onset. For DVT.
- Warfarin (Coumadin) - T1/2=37 hours. Antagonist of vitamin K = blocks post-translational modification required to produce functioning clotting factors by liver. Slower than heparin. Daily PT testing until correct dosage determined. 80+ drug interactions.
Name 3 thrombolitic agents:
- Urokinase
- Streptokinase
- Tissue plasminogen activator
Name a beta andrenergic receptor blocker (beta blocker)
Propanolol - Antihypertensive effect: decreased CO2, inhibition of renin release = vasodilation.
What is the action of Eporostenol
Prostacyclin, vasodilator & PI
What is the action of Bosentan
Endothelin 1 receptor blocker (decreases pulmonary vascular resistance)
What is the action of Nesiritide?
ANP Receptor agonist
BNP binds to particulate guanylate cyclase receptor of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, leading to increased intracellular concentrations of cGMP (serves as a second messenger to dilate veins and arteries) and smooth muscle relaxation.
What is the action Nitroglycerine
Nitrate vasodilator, anti anginal.
Name the inotropic drugs
- Digoxin - Inhibits Na/K ATPase.
- Beta-adrenergic agonists (dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine, isoproterenol)
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (milrinone)
