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Physio Exam 3 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of calcium channel blockers?

A

vasodilation

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2
Q

What is the action of vasoconstrictors?

A

Increase calcium, which reduces cAMP

Increases MLCK(myosin light chain kinase) = smooth muscle contraction

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3
Q

What is the action of vasodilators?

A

Reduce calcium, which increases cAMP

Reduce MLCK (myosin light chain kinase) = smooth muscle dilation

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4
Q

What is the action of thrombotoeitin receptor agonsits?

A

Increase platelet count in cases of thrombocytopenia.

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5
Q

What is the action of GPIIb/GPIIIa (fibrinogen receptor) blockers?

A

Reduces platelet aggregation so it is an antiplatelet agent.

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6
Q

What is the action of disintegrins from snake venom?

A

They are peptides that block all integrin receptors - they are antiplatelet agents.

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7
Q

What is the action of Thrombolitic agents?

A

They are injected to dissolve clots. They directly or indirectly activate the conversion of

plasminogen —-> plasmin (protease that breaks down the fibrin clot)

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8
Q

List 2 calcium channel blockers

A
  • Amlodipine (reduces myocardial oxygen demand and peripheral resistance[afterload])
  • Nifedipine

both are vasodilators

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9
Q

Name 8 vasodilators:

A
  1. Lisinopril (ACE inhibitor)
  2. Aliskeren (Renin inhibitor)
  3. Propanolol (Beta blocker)
  4. Prazonin (Alpha blocker)
  5. Eporostenol (Prostacyclin)
  6. Bosentan (Endothelin-1 receptor blocker)
  7. Nesiritide (ANP Receptor agonist)
  8. Nitroglycerine (Nitrate vasodilator)
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10
Q

Name 2 thrombopoeitin receptor agonsits:

A

Romiplostin

Eltrombopag

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11
Q

Name 4 antiplatelet agents:

A
  • Abciximab - monoclonal antibody that binds to the fibrinogen receptor and causes static hindrance.
  • Triofiban - Disintegrin from snake venom (saw-scaled viper echis carihatus).
  • Eptifibatide - Disintegrin from snake venom (southeastern pygmy rattlesnake).
  • Clopidogrel - Prodrug (metabolized by P450) that binds to ADP receptor on platelets (P2Y12) and inhibits binding of ADP to Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibiting platelet aggregation. It is reversible.
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12
Q

Name 6 anticoagulants

A
  • Heparin - Binds antithrombin III - thrombin creating a complex and inhibiting thrombin activity. IV or SubQ. Neutralized by protamine sulfate.
  • Enoxaparin - Low MW heparin from intestinal mucosa of pigs. For DVT. SubQ.
  • Hirudin - Direct thrombin inhibitor. Does not require antithrombin III. (70% effective vs 30% for heparin)
  • Dabigatran - Direct thrombin inhibitor. Oral Prodrug. Irreversible in the event of major bleeding unlike warfarin.
  • Rivaroxaban - Direct factor Xa inhibitor(free and bound) to reduce thrombin. Rapid onset. For DVT.
  • Warfarin (Coumadin) - T1/2=37 hours. Antagonist of vitamin K = blocks post-translational modification required to produce functioning clotting factors by liver. Slower than heparin. Daily PT testing until correct dosage determined. 80+ drug interactions.
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13
Q

Name 3 thrombolitic agents:

A
  • Urokinase
  • Streptokinase
  • Tissue plasminogen activator
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14
Q

Name a beta andrenergic receptor blocker (beta blocker)

A

Propanolol - Antihypertensive effect: decreased CO2, inhibition of renin release = vasodilation.

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15
Q

What is the action of Eporostenol

A

Prostacyclin, vasodilator & PI

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16
Q

What is the action of Bosentan

A

Endothelin 1 receptor blocker (decreases pulmonary vascular resistance)

17
Q

What is the action of Nesiritide?

A

ANP Receptor agonist

BNP binds to particulate guanylate cyclase receptor of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, leading to increased intracellular concentrations of cGMP (serves as a second messenger to dilate veins and arteries) and smooth muscle relaxation.

18
Q

What is the action Nitroglycerine

A

Nitrate vasodilator, anti anginal.

19
Q

Name the inotropic drugs

A
  • Digoxin - Inhibits Na/K ATPase.
  • Beta-adrenergic agonists (dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine, isoproterenol)
  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (milrinone)

Physio Exam 3 (1 decks)

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