Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

cisplatin

A

base alkylating agent; damages DNA of cancer cells to prevent replication/transcription

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2
Q

actinomycin D

A

naturally-occurring chemotherapy; “intercalates” into DNA (inserts ring that stacks with DNA bases) to alter structure; interferes with DNA replication and transcription

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3
Q

doxorubicin

A

interferes with DNA replication (similar to actinomycin D)

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4
Q

etoposide and camptothecin

A

chemotherapeutics that target topoisomerase (topoisomerase breaks DNA backbone to “relax” supercoiled DNA and these drugs leave DNA breaks that can’t be repaired)

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5
Q

puromycin

A

mimics “acceptor” 3’ end of tRNA, binds in ribosome as it is translating, preventing completion of translation

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6
Q

Tamoxifen acts as an antagonist to ________

A

estrogen

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7
Q

Tamoxifen prevents the recruitment of ______ cofactors

A

HAT

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8
Q

aspirin

A

(anti-inflammatory) blocks phosphorylation of IkB so NK-kB can’t be exposed and can’t get into nucleus to signal inflammation

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9
Q

cyclosporine

A

(immunosuppressant) inhibits calcineurin activation so NF-ATc can’t be dephosphorylated and activate immune response

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10
Q

alpha amanitin

A

non-competitive inhibitor of RNA Pol II; binds bridge helix (upper and lower jaws of RNA Pol), blocks RNA chain elongation by preventing translocation

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11
Q

rifamipicin

A

binds bacterial RNA polymerase and blocks RNA exit channel; prevents growth of RNA because growing RNA chain has nowhere to go

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12
Q

rapamycin

A

inhibits eukaryotic cap-dependent translation by affecting 4E-BP so initiation complex doesn’t form; main target of mTOR; used in cancer treatment

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13
Q

warfarin

A

prevents carboxylation of glutamate residues and acts as anticoagulant (blood thinner)

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14
Q

gleevec

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor; leukemia treatment that competitively binds a kinase so substrate is not phosphorylated; tumor can’t proliferate

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15
Q

velecade/ bortezomib

A

inhibits a proteasome that degrades good proteins (treats multiple myeloma)

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16
Q

aminoglycosides

A

streptomycin

17
Q

tetracyclines

A

tetracyclines

18
Q

macrolides

A

erythromycin

19
Q

other antibiotics that bind at RNA exit channel

A

chloramphenicol

20
Q

Ritonavir is a ________ inhibitor and inhibits _________

A

competitive, HIV protease