Drugs Flashcards
cisplatin
base alkylating agent; damages DNA of cancer cells to prevent replication/transcription
actinomycin D
naturally-occurring chemotherapy; “intercalates” into DNA (inserts ring that stacks with DNA bases) to alter structure; interferes with DNA replication and transcription
doxorubicin
interferes with DNA replication (similar to actinomycin D)
etoposide and camptothecin
chemotherapeutics that target topoisomerase (topoisomerase breaks DNA backbone to “relax” supercoiled DNA and these drugs leave DNA breaks that can’t be repaired)
puromycin
mimics “acceptor” 3’ end of tRNA, binds in ribosome as it is translating, preventing completion of translation
Tamoxifen acts as an antagonist to ________
estrogen
Tamoxifen prevents the recruitment of ______ cofactors
HAT
aspirin
(anti-inflammatory) blocks phosphorylation of IkB so NK-kB can’t be exposed and can’t get into nucleus to signal inflammation
cyclosporine
(immunosuppressant) inhibits calcineurin activation so NF-ATc can’t be dephosphorylated and activate immune response
alpha amanitin
non-competitive inhibitor of RNA Pol II; binds bridge helix (upper and lower jaws of RNA Pol), blocks RNA chain elongation by preventing translocation
rifamipicin
binds bacterial RNA polymerase and blocks RNA exit channel; prevents growth of RNA because growing RNA chain has nowhere to go
rapamycin
inhibits eukaryotic cap-dependent translation by affecting 4E-BP so initiation complex doesn’t form; main target of mTOR; used in cancer treatment
warfarin
prevents carboxylation of glutamate residues and acts as anticoagulant (blood thinner)
gleevec
tyrosine kinase inhibitor; leukemia treatment that competitively binds a kinase so substrate is not phosphorylated; tumor can’t proliferate
velecade/ bortezomib
inhibits a proteasome that degrades good proteins (treats multiple myeloma)
aminoglycosides
streptomycin
tetracyclines
tetracyclines
macrolides
erythromycin
other antibiotics that bind at RNA exit channel
chloramphenicol
Ritonavir is a ________ inhibitor and inhibits _________
competitive, HIV protease