Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FM 1.2 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclosporine

A
  • Signal transduction inhibitor
  • inhibit calcineurin-block T cell activation
  • transplants, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, IBS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tacrolimus

A
  • signal transduction inhibitor
  • Block calcineurin phosphatase activity
  • transplants, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sirolimus

A
  • signal transduction inhibitor
  • stops cell cycle progression
  • renal transplant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Azothioprine

A
  • purine synthesis inhibitor-makes fake nucleotides and interferes with making real ones
  • for kidney transplants, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil

A
  • purine synthesis inhibitor-block guanine synthesis in lymphocytes
  • renal, cardiac, or liver transplants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muromonab CD3

A
  • Immunosuppressive antibody
  • bind CD3-kill T cells
  • transplants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Basilixumab

A
  • Immunosuppressive antibody
  • bind CD-25 on activated T cells, block IL-2 activation
  • kidney transplant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adalimumab

A
  • Immunosuppressive antibody
  • for rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis
  • block TNF-a activity
  • fully humanized antibody
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carbachol

A
  • Muscarinic agonist w/ significant Nn activity

- for miosis in surgery and decreasing IOP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Methacholine

A
  • Muscarinic agonist w/ slight nicotinic activity

- for dx of airway hyperreactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bethanechol

A
  • muscarinic agonist

- promote GI and urinary bladder motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pilocarpine

A
  • muscarinic agonist
  • Tx for xerostomia, miosis induction, open angle glaucoma
  • DNU if asthma, iritis, posterior synechiae, retinal detachment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nicotine

A
  • Nm and Nn receptor agonist; CNS affects
  • quit smoking
  • Category D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Varencline

A
  • Nicotinic partial agonist, moderate 5-HT3 activity
  • smoking cessation aid
  • Black box warning-neuropsychiatric sx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Physostigmine

A
  • inactivates AChE
  • DOC to counteract anticholinergic effects of other drugs
  • glaucoma
  • DNU if asthma, GI obstruction, ileus, urinary tract obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neostigmine

A
  • Inactivates AChE
  • Tx of myasthenia gravis, postop reversal of neuromuscular blockade, ileus
  • DNU if asthma, GI obstruction, ileus, urinary tract obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Edrophonium

A
  • block AChE
  • to dx myasthenia gravis; reverse effects of non-depolarizing NMJ blockers aftery surgery; neurogenic ileus
    • DNU if asthma, GI obstruction, obstructive ileus, urinary tract obstruction*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ectothiophate

A
  • Phosphorylate AChE->inactivate

- for chronic open angle glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pralidoxime

A

-reactivates AChE after organophosphate inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mecamylamine

A
  • Nn competitive antagonist

- tx for HTN, maybe Tourette’s and nicotine withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Atropine

A
  • muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
  • treat bradycardia, use preop to reduce secretions, mydriasis for eye exams, antidote for AChE inhibitor or muscarinic agonist poisoning
  • also get decreased GI motility, bronchodilation
  • DNU if acute MI, bladder obstruction, urinary tract obstruction, prostatic hypertrophy, glaucoma, GI obstruction or ileus, hyperthyroid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Oxybutynin

A
  • muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
  • bladder muscle relaxant
  • DNU if GI obstruction, ileus, toxic megacolon, ulcerative colitis, urinary retention or urinary tract obstruction, uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ipratropium

A
  • muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist

- for acute asthma episode, COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • mixed (a and B) agonist
  • for acute bronchospasm, asthma, CPR, anaphylaxis, mydriasis, decrease IOP (open angle only)
  • DNU in labor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Phenylephrine

A
  • selective a1 agonist-vasoconstriction

- for nasal congestion, mydriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Clonidine

A
  • presynaptic a2 agonist-inhibit sympathetic outflow and tone (decrease HR, TPR, MAP, CO, SV)
  • antihypertensive; epidural for opiod refractory cancer pain; ADHD, opiod and nicotine withdrawal, vascular headaches, and Tourette’s syndrome
  • taper DC; not if breastfeeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Isoproterenol

A
  • B1 and B2 agonist

- Improve AV conduction during heart block, stimulant in cardiac arrest, tx for acute bronchospasm, asthma, COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Dobutamine

A
  • mainly B1 agonist, some B2 and a1 effects (isomers differ)

- inotrope-for heart failure

29
Q

Albuterol

A
  • moderately selective B2 agonist

- short acting bronchodilator (acute episode)

30
Q

Salmeterol

A
  • highly selective B2 agonist

- long lasting bronchodilator, for asthma, COPD

31
Q

Phentolamine

A
  • competitive a1 and a2 antagonist

- prevent HTN episodes in pt w/ pheochromocytoma; prevent dermal necrosis following extravasation

32
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A
  • noncompetitive, selective a1 antagonist
  • tx for sweating and HTN w/ pheochromocytoma; urinary sx of BPH and sx of certain peripheral vasospastic conditions such as acrocyanosis, Raynaud’s, and frostbite
33
Q

Prazosin

A
  • competitive antagonist at postsynaptic a1 receptors

- primarily tx HTn, off label tx for BPH

34
Q

Tamulosin

A
  • competitive antagonist at postsynaptic a1 receptors

- BPH treatment (relax bladder and prostate)

35
Q

Yohimbine

A
  • central presynaptic a2 antagonist-increase sympathetic tone
  • treat erectile dysfunction
  • DNU if angina, cardiac disease, HTN
36
Q

Carvedilol

A
  • mixed (a1, B1, B2) antagonist
  • tx for heart failure, manage HTN
  • Taper DC, DNU asthma, IV inotropes
37
Q

Propanolol

A
  • competitive, nonselective B antagonist
  • tx for HTN, angina, tachycardia, acute MI, prophylaxis of MI and migraines, anxiety, agitation, panic attack
  • Taper DC; DNU if acute bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, asthma, bradycardia, AV block
38
Q

Timolol

A
  • competitive, nonselective B antagonist
  • For open angle glaucoma
  • DNU if acute bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, asthma, bradycardia, AV block
39
Q

Metoprolol

A
  • competitive, B1 selective adrenergic antagonist
  • tx for angina, HTN, migraine, MI, tremor, HF
  • taper DC; DNU if acute bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, asthma, bradycardia, AV block
40
Q

Pindolol

A
  • nonselective B partial agonist; attenuates sympathetic tone
  • tx for HTN, can be useful in HF, heart block, bronchospasm when maintenance of adequate sympathetic tone is desirable
  • taper dc
41
Q

a-Methyltyrosine

A
  • block tyrosine hydroxylase (catecholamine synthesis)

- tx of pheochromocytoma

42
Q

a-Methyldopa

A
  • false neurotransmitter prodrug, act on a2 autoreceptors in brainstem to decrease symp tone and baroreceptor response
  • tx of pheochromocytoma, HTN mgmt in pregnancy
43
Q

Reserpine

A
  • inhibits vesicular neurotransmitter storage-long lasting depletion
  • anti-HTN
  • DC at 1st sign of depression; DNU if electroconvulsive therapy, seizure disorder
44
Q

Botulinum toxin A

A
  • decreases ACh release

- for temporary removal of facial wrinkles, axillary hyperhidrosis, cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, strabismus

45
Q

Amphetamine

A
  • Adderall
  • inhibit NE, DA, 5-HT uptake transporters
  • CNS stimulator-for ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity
  • DNU if anorexia nervosa; CV-advanced arteriosclerosis, CAD, HTN, cardiac structural abnormalities; MAO inhibitors; hyperthyroid; glaucoma
46
Q

Cocaine

A
  • decrease nerve permeability to Na+, inhibiting electrical conduction; inhibit neuronal transporters for uptake of 5-HT, Epi, NE, DA, produce local vasoconstriction
  • vasoconstriction+anesthesia
47
Q

Paroxetine

A
  • Paxil
  • serotonin reuptake inhibitor
  • Tx for major depression, all major anxiety syndromes, OCD, PTSD; off label premature ejaculation and hot flashes
  • DNU if MAO inhibitor therapy
48
Q

Atomexetine

A
  • NE reuptake inhibitor
  • tx for ADHD
  • black box-increased risk of suicidal ideation
49
Q

Phenelzine

A
  • Nardil
  • nonselective, irreversible MAO inhibitor
  • tx for depression, refractory anxiety disorders, OCD, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder
50
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

-DNA alkylating agent; CCNS

51
Q

Temozolomide

A
  • DNA alkylating agent-inhibit DNA synthesis and fxn; CCNS

- Good BBB permeability-for glioblastomas, astrocytomas, melanomas

52
Q

Bleomycin

A
  • antitumor antibiotic; bind to DNA and generate ROS; CCS (stuck in G2)
  • pulmonary toxicity
53
Q

Doxorubicin

A
  • antitumor antibiotic; CCNS
  • stick between base pairs, block polymerase, block topoisomerase, free radicals
  • one of most active single agents
54
Q

Carboplatin

A
  • platinum compound; produce DNA cross links

- solid tumors

55
Q

5-Fluorouracil

A
  • antimetabolite; blocks thymidylate synthase-necessary to make DNA; incorporates FdUTP into DNA; CCS-S phase
  • DNU if dihydropyrimide dehydrogenase deficiency
56
Q

Gemcitabine

A

-antimetabolite; pyrimidine analog, inhibit DNA polymerase, inhibit repair

57
Q

Methotrexate

A
  • antimetabolite; folic acid analog; deplete folates req’d for biosynthesis of dTTP and purines; inhibit TS; CCS-G1 and S
  • SJS/TEN
58
Q

Vincristine

A
  • Antimitotic agent; binds tubulin, stabilize monomers; arrest in M phase
  • intrathecal or cisternal admin is uniformly fatal
59
Q

Paclitaxel

A

-antimitotic; super-stabilize microtubules; arrest in M phase

60
Q

Temsirolimus

A
  • mTOR inhibitor; inhibits progression from G1 to S

- advanced renal cancer

61
Q

Erlotinib

A

-Tyrosine kinase inhibitor-EGFR-decreased cellular growth and proliferation

62
Q

Imatinib

A
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitor -BCR-Abl-decrease cell growth and proliferation
  • for chronic myelogenous leukemia
63
Q

Sunitinib

A

-Tyrosine kinase inhibitor-inhibit angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis

64
Q

Bevacizumab

A

-Monoclonal antibody; block VEGF-inhibit angiogenesis

65
Q

Cetuximab

A

-Monoclonal antibody; block EGF-R-inhibit cell growh, induces apoptosis, induce antibody dependent cellular toxicity

66
Q

Rituximab

A
  • Monoclonal antibody; Bind CD20 on B cells-promote B cell lysis via antibody dependent cellular toxicity
  • Non-Hodgkin’s lymphona
67
Q

Trastuzumab

A
  • Herceptin
  • Monoclonal antibody; bind HER2/neu to prevent activation by EGF-decrease downstream signals, metastatic potential, promote apoptosis
  • breast cancer
68
Q

Etoposide

A

-Topoisomerase inhibitor-stabilize DNA-topoisomerase II complex-prevent strand ligation; CCS-S and G2

69
Q

Irinotecan

A

-Topoisomerase inhibitor- bind and stabilize DNA-topoisomerase I complex-accumulate ssDNA breaks; CCS-S phase

FM 1.2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions