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FM 1.2 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclosporine

A
  • Signal transduction inhibitor
  • inhibit calcineurin-block T cell activation
  • transplants, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, IBS
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2
Q

Tacrolimus

A
  • signal transduction inhibitor
  • Block calcineurin phosphatase activity
  • transplants, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis
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3
Q

Sirolimus

A
  • signal transduction inhibitor
  • stops cell cycle progression
  • renal transplant
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4
Q

Azothioprine

A
  • purine synthesis inhibitor-makes fake nucleotides and interferes with making real ones
  • for kidney transplants, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s
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5
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil

A
  • purine synthesis inhibitor-block guanine synthesis in lymphocytes
  • renal, cardiac, or liver transplants
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6
Q

Muromonab CD3

A
  • Immunosuppressive antibody
  • bind CD3-kill T cells
  • transplants
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7
Q

Basilixumab

A
  • Immunosuppressive antibody
  • bind CD-25 on activated T cells, block IL-2 activation
  • kidney transplant
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8
Q

Adalimumab

A
  • Immunosuppressive antibody
  • for rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis
  • block TNF-a activity
  • fully humanized antibody
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9
Q

Carbachol

A
  • Muscarinic agonist w/ significant Nn activity

- for miosis in surgery and decreasing IOP

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10
Q

Methacholine

A
  • Muscarinic agonist w/ slight nicotinic activity

- for dx of airway hyperreactivity

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11
Q

Bethanechol

A
  • muscarinic agonist

- promote GI and urinary bladder motility

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12
Q

pilocarpine

A
  • muscarinic agonist
  • Tx for xerostomia, miosis induction, open angle glaucoma
  • DNU if asthma, iritis, posterior synechiae, retinal detachment
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13
Q

Nicotine

A
  • Nm and Nn receptor agonist; CNS affects
  • quit smoking
  • Category D
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14
Q

Varencline

A
  • Nicotinic partial agonist, moderate 5-HT3 activity
  • smoking cessation aid
  • Black box warning-neuropsychiatric sx
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15
Q

Physostigmine

A
  • inactivates AChE
  • DOC to counteract anticholinergic effects of other drugs
  • glaucoma
  • DNU if asthma, GI obstruction, ileus, urinary tract obstruction
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16
Q

Neostigmine

A
  • Inactivates AChE
  • Tx of myasthenia gravis, postop reversal of neuromuscular blockade, ileus
  • DNU if asthma, GI obstruction, ileus, urinary tract obstruction
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17
Q

Edrophonium

A
  • block AChE
  • to dx myasthenia gravis; reverse effects of non-depolarizing NMJ blockers aftery surgery; neurogenic ileus
    • DNU if asthma, GI obstruction, obstructive ileus, urinary tract obstruction*
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18
Q

Ectothiophate

A
  • Phosphorylate AChE->inactivate

- for chronic open angle glaucoma

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19
Q

Pralidoxime

A

-reactivates AChE after organophosphate inhibition

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20
Q

Mecamylamine

A
  • Nn competitive antagonist

- tx for HTN, maybe Tourette’s and nicotine withdrawal

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21
Q

Atropine

A
  • muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
  • treat bradycardia, use preop to reduce secretions, mydriasis for eye exams, antidote for AChE inhibitor or muscarinic agonist poisoning
  • also get decreased GI motility, bronchodilation
  • DNU if acute MI, bladder obstruction, urinary tract obstruction, prostatic hypertrophy, glaucoma, GI obstruction or ileus, hyperthyroid
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22
Q

Oxybutynin

A
  • muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist
  • bladder muscle relaxant
  • DNU if GI obstruction, ileus, toxic megacolon, ulcerative colitis, urinary retention or urinary tract obstruction, uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma
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23
Q

Ipratropium

A
  • muscarinic receptor competitive antagonist

- for acute asthma episode, COPD

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24
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • mixed (a and B) agonist
  • for acute bronchospasm, asthma, CPR, anaphylaxis, mydriasis, decrease IOP (open angle only)
  • DNU in labor
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25
Phenylephrine
- selective a1 agonist-vasoconstriction | - for nasal congestion, mydriasis
26
Clonidine
- presynaptic a2 agonist-inhibit sympathetic outflow and tone (decrease HR, TPR, MAP, CO, SV) - antihypertensive; epidural for opiod refractory cancer pain; ADHD, opiod and nicotine withdrawal, vascular headaches, and Tourette's syndrome - taper DC; not if breastfeeding
27
Isoproterenol
- B1 and B2 agonist | - Improve AV conduction during heart block, stimulant in cardiac arrest, tx for acute bronchospasm, asthma, COPD
28
Dobutamine
- mainly B1 agonist, some B2 and a1 effects (isomers differ) | - inotrope-for heart failure
29
Albuterol
- moderately selective B2 agonist | - short acting bronchodilator (acute episode)
30
Salmeterol
- highly selective B2 agonist | - long lasting bronchodilator, for asthma, COPD
31
Phentolamine
- competitive a1 and a2 antagonist | - prevent HTN episodes in pt w/ pheochromocytoma; prevent dermal necrosis following extravasation
32
Phenoxybenzamine
- noncompetitive, selective a1 antagonist - tx for sweating and HTN w/ pheochromocytoma; urinary sx of BPH and sx of certain peripheral vasospastic conditions such as acrocyanosis, Raynaud's, and frostbite
33
Prazosin
- competitive antagonist at postsynaptic a1 receptors | - primarily tx HTn, off label tx for BPH
34
Tamulosin
- competitive antagonist at postsynaptic a1 receptors | - BPH treatment (relax bladder and prostate)
35
Yohimbine
- central presynaptic a2 antagonist-increase sympathetic tone - treat erectile dysfunction - *DNU if angina, cardiac disease, HTN*
36
Carvedilol
- mixed (a1, B1, B2) antagonist - tx for heart failure, manage HTN - *Taper DC, DNU asthma, IV inotropes*
37
Propanolol
- competitive, nonselective B antagonist - tx for HTN, angina, tachycardia, acute MI, prophylaxis of MI and migraines, anxiety, agitation, panic attack - *Taper DC; DNU if acute bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, asthma, bradycardia, AV block*
38
Timolol
- competitive, nonselective B antagonist - For open angle glaucoma - *DNU if acute bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, asthma, bradycardia, AV block*
39
Metoprolol
- competitive, B1 selective adrenergic antagonist - tx for angina, HTN, migraine, MI, tremor, HF - *taper DC; DNU if acute bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, asthma, bradycardia, AV block*
40
Pindolol
- nonselective B partial agonist; attenuates sympathetic tone - tx for HTN, can be useful in HF, heart block, bronchospasm when maintenance of adequate sympathetic tone is desirable - *taper dc*
41
a-Methyltyrosine
- block tyrosine hydroxylase (catecholamine synthesis) | - tx of pheochromocytoma
42
a-Methyldopa
- false neurotransmitter prodrug, act on a2 autoreceptors in brainstem to decrease symp tone and baroreceptor response - tx of pheochromocytoma, HTN mgmt in pregnancy
43
Reserpine
- inhibits vesicular neurotransmitter storage-long lasting depletion - anti-HTN - *DC at 1st sign of depression; DNU if electroconvulsive therapy, seizure disorder*
44
Botulinum toxin A
- decreases ACh release | - for temporary removal of facial wrinkles, axillary hyperhidrosis, cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, strabismus
45
Amphetamine
- Adderall - inhibit NE, DA, 5-HT uptake transporters - CNS stimulator-for ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity - *DNU if anorexia nervosa; CV-advanced arteriosclerosis, CAD, HTN, cardiac structural abnormalities; MAO inhibitors; hyperthyroid; glaucoma*
46
Cocaine
- decrease nerve permeability to Na+, inhibiting electrical conduction; inhibit neuronal transporters for uptake of 5-HT, Epi, NE, DA, produce local vasoconstriction - vasoconstriction+anesthesia
47
Paroxetine
- Paxil - serotonin reuptake inhibitor - Tx for major depression, all major anxiety syndromes, OCD, PTSD; off label premature ejaculation and hot flashes - *DNU if MAO inhibitor therapy*
48
Atomexetine
- NE reuptake inhibitor - tx for ADHD - black box-increased risk of suicidal ideation
49
Phenelzine
- Nardil - nonselective, irreversible MAO inhibitor - tx for depression, refractory anxiety disorders, OCD, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder
50
Cyclophosphamide
-DNA alkylating agent; CCNS
51
Temozolomide
- DNA alkylating agent-inhibit DNA synthesis and fxn; CCNS | - Good BBB permeability-for glioblastomas, astrocytomas, melanomas
52
Bleomycin
- antitumor antibiotic; bind to DNA and generate ROS; CCS (stuck in G2) - *pulmonary toxicity*
53
Doxorubicin
- antitumor antibiotic; CCNS - stick between base pairs, block polymerase, block topoisomerase, free radicals - one of most active single agents
54
Carboplatin
- platinum compound; produce DNA cross links | - solid tumors
55
5-Fluorouracil
- antimetabolite; blocks thymidylate synthase-necessary to make DNA; incorporates FdUTP into DNA; CCS-S phase - *DNU if dihydropyrimide dehydrogenase deficiency*
56
Gemcitabine
-antimetabolite; pyrimidine analog, inhibit DNA polymerase, inhibit repair
57
Methotrexate
- antimetabolite; folic acid analog; deplete folates req'd for biosynthesis of dTTP and purines; inhibit TS; CCS-G1 and S - SJS/TEN
58
Vincristine
- Antimitotic agent; binds tubulin, stabilize monomers; arrest in M phase - intrathecal or cisternal admin is uniformly fatal
59
Paclitaxel
-antimitotic; super-stabilize microtubules; arrest in M phase
60
Temsirolimus
- mTOR inhibitor; inhibits progression from G1 to S | - advanced renal cancer
61
Erlotinib
-Tyrosine kinase inhibitor-EGFR-decreased cellular growth and proliferation
62
Imatinib
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitor -BCR-Abl-decrease cell growth and proliferation - for chronic myelogenous leukemia
63
Sunitinib
-Tyrosine kinase inhibitor-inhibit angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis
64
Bevacizumab
-Monoclonal antibody; block VEGF-inhibit angiogenesis
65
Cetuximab
-Monoclonal antibody; block EGF-R-inhibit cell growh, induces apoptosis, induce antibody dependent cellular toxicity
66
Rituximab
- Monoclonal antibody; Bind CD20 on B cells-promote B cell lysis via antibody dependent cellular toxicity - Non-Hodgkin's lymphona
67
Trastuzumab
- Herceptin - Monoclonal antibody; bind HER2/neu to prevent activation by EGF-decrease downstream signals, metastatic potential, promote apoptosis - breast cancer
68
Etoposide
-Topoisomerase inhibitor-stabilize DNA-topoisomerase II complex-prevent strand ligation; CCS-S and G2
69
Irinotecan
-Topoisomerase inhibitor- bind and stabilize DNA-topoisomerase I complex-accumulate ssDNA breaks; CCS-S phase

FM 1.2 (2 decks)

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