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Protocols > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenaline action

A

B1: myocardial contractility and excitability
B2: bronchodilation
A: peripheral vasoconstriction, increase afterload

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2
Q

Adrenaline Indications

A

Cardiac arrest
Anaphylaxis
Life threatening asthma

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3
Q

Adrenaline adverse effects

A

Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Nausea and vomiting
Hypertension

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4
Q

Adrenaline cardiac arrest dose

A

1mg (1:1000-1ml or 1:10000-10ml) IV after second shock
OR
1mg immediately in non shockable rhythm

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5
Q

Adrenaline Asthma/anaphylaxis dose

A

0.5mg IM anterior lateral thigh

Can rpt after 3-5 minutes

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6
Q

Amiodarone type and action

A

Class lll antiarrythmic
Widens action potential
Inc time for myocardial cells to return to resting potential
Gives cells a chance to return to coordinated rhythm

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7
Q

Amiodarone indications

A

Cardiac arrest (shockable rhythms)

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8
Q

Adrenaline

Type

A

Alpha and beta adrenergic agonist

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9
Q

Amiodarone contraindications

A

Allergy

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10
Q

Amiodarone dose

A

300mg (or 5mg/kg if less than 60kg) in 20ml dextrose after 3rd shock
150mg (or half initial dose) after 5th shock

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11
Q

Salbutamol type and action

A

Beta 2 agonist/ bronchodilator

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12
Q

Salbutamol indications

A

Asthma
Allergy affecting airway
Smoke inhalation

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13
Q

Salbutamol adverse effects

A

Tachycardia

Tremor

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14
Q

Salbutamol precautions

A

Ischaemic Heart Disease - tachycardia can lead to angina

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15
Q

Salbutamol contraindications

A

Allergy

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16
Q

Salbutamol dose

A

12 puffs PDM (with spacer)
Or if available:
5mg in nebuliser (with n saline)

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17
Q

Ipratropium Bromide type and action

A

Anticholinergic/Bronchodilator

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18
Q

Ipratropium Bromide indications

A

Bronchospasm in asthma for example

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19
Q

Ipratropium Bromide adverse effects

A

Anticholinergic effects: tachycardia, urine retention, constipation

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20
Q

Ipratropium Bromide contraindications

A

Allergy

Allergy or hypersensitivity to atropine, soy beans or peanuts

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21
Q

Ipratropium Bromide dose

A

500mcg/ml nebuliser

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22
Q

Hydrocortisone type action and indications

A

Corticosteroid
Anti inflammatory
Asthma and anaphylaxis (after adrenaline, O2, salbutamol)

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23
Q

Hydrocortisone contraindications

A

Allergy

Infection

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24
Q

Hydrocortisone dose

A

Anaphylaxis 200mg IV or IM

Asthma 100mg IV

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25
Q

Prednisolone type, action and indications

A

Corticosteroid
Anti inflammatory
Anaphylaxis
Asthma

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26
Q

Prednisolone contraindications

A

Allergy

Infection

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27
Q

Prednisolone dose

A

0.5 mg/kg (30mg in 60kg for eg)

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28
Q

Aspirin type and action

A

Analgesic
Antipyretic
Antithrombolytic
Anti inflammatory

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29
Q

Aspirin indications

A

Ischaemic chest pain

Suspected MI

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30
Q

Aspirin precautions

A

Suspected bleeding
Surgery
Asthma

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31
Q

Aspirin adverse effects

A

Aggravation of bleeding

Can precipitate an asthma attack

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32
Q

Aspirin contraindications

A

Allergy/hypersensitivity
Suspected bleeding (GIT) or aortic dissection
History of asthma attack following aspirin

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33
Q

Aspirin dose

A

300mg PO

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34
Q

GTN type, action

A

Vasodilator

Decreases pre and afterload -> decreasing myocardial O2 demand, while maintaining coronary artery perfusion

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35
Q

GTN indications

A

Ischaemic chest pain

Suspected MI

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36
Q

GTN adverse effects

A

Drop in BP - dizziness, faintness, nausea and vomiting
Tachycardia
Headache

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37
Q

GTN contraindications

A

BP less than 100

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38
Q

GTN dose

A

300mcg tab
400mcg spray

If pain persists rpt after 5 mins to a max of 3 doses

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39
Q

Morphine type, action, indications

A

Opioid Analgesic
Acts on opioid receptors in the brain
Severe pain

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40
Q

Morphine adverse effects

A 
Respiratory depression
Sedation
Nausea and vomiting
Bradycardia
Hypotension
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41
Q

Morphine precautions

A

Patients on MAOIs

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42
Q

Morphine contraindications

A

Allergy
BP less than 100
RR less than 10
CNS depression

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43
Q

Morphine cardiac dose

A

2.5mg IV
RPT every 3-5 minutes as needed
Max of 10mg

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44
Q

Morphine trauma dose

A

2mg IV
Then 1mg every 3 mins
Max of 10mg

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45
Q

Metoclopramide type, action and indication

A

Antiemetic
Increases gastric emptying
Nausea and vomiting

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46
Q

Metoclopramide adverse effects

A

Acute dystonic reactions
Oculogyric crisis
Drowsiness

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47
Q

Metoclopramide precautions

A

Parkinson’s
Schizophrenia
Children

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48
Q

Metoclopramide contraindications

A

Allergy or hypersensitivity
History of ADR or oculgyric crisis
Bowel obstruction

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49
Q

Metoclopramide dose

A

10mg IV stat

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50
Q

Benztropine type, action and indication

A

Anticholinergic
Anticonvulsant
Antihistamine
Use in acute dystonic reactions/oculogyric crisis

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51
Q

Benztropine adverse effects

A

Anticholinergic effects: tachycardia, constipation

Antihistamine effects: drowsiness

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52
Q

Benztropine precautions

A

Children

Elderly

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53
Q

Benztropine contraindications

A

Allergy

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54
Q

Benztropine dose

A

2mg IV

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55
Q

Naloxone type, action and indication

A

Opioid antagonist

Reversal opioid overdose

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56
Q

Naloxone adverse effects

A 
Pain
Opioid withdrawal
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Nausea and vomiting
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57
Q

Naloxone contraindications

A

Allergy

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58
Q

Naloxone dose

A

400mcg IM

400mcg IV diluted to 8ml N. Saline (50mcg/ml), give 1ml to 4ml (200mcg) at a time until end result reached

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59
Q

Methoxyflurane type, action and indication

A

Inhaled analgesic

Pain

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60
Q

Methoxyflurane adverse effects

A

CNS depression

Nausea and vomiting

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61
Q

Methoxyflurane precautions

A

Give O2 first if that is required

Don’t let methoxy take the place over vital O2

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62
Q

Methoxyflurane containdications

A

Allergy

Decreased LOC

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63
Q

Methoxyflurane dose

A

3ml vial placed into inhaler whistle

May repeat after 20minutes

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64
Q

Dextrose 50% type, action, indication

A

Naturally occurring glucose
Increases blood glucose levels
Hypoglycaemia (eg less than 3 mmol/L) if pt unable to take PO

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65
Q

Dextrose 50% adverse effects

A

Tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs

May aggravate brain damage in head injury

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66
Q

Dextrose 50% precautions

A

Use small cannula in large vein
SLOW PUSH (3ml/min)
Use running line or flush well

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67
Q

Dextrose 50% dose

A

20-30ml slow push until conscious

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68
Q

Glucagon type, action and indication

A

Synthetic glucagon
Mobilises liver glycogen, released into blood as glucose
Hypoglycaemia if a) unable to take PO and b) alternate to dextrose (eg if no IV access)

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69
Q

Glucagon adverse effects

A

?nausea and vomiting

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70
Q

Glucagon contraindication

A

Previous adverse reaction

71
Q

Glucagon dose

A

1mg/ml IM

72
Q

Midazolam type and action

A

Benzodiazepine
Sedative
Muscle relaxant
Anticonvulsant

73
Q

Midazolam indications

A

Seizures

Procedures (sedation)

74
Q

Midazolam adverse effects

A

Decreased RR, BP, LOC, airway control (esp in ETOH)

75
Q

Midazolam precautions

A

Slow IV push, monitor resp rate

76
Q

Midazolam contraindications

A

Allergy

77
Q

Midazolam dose

A

5mg IM
2.5mg IV

Max 10mg

Child:

  1. 2mg/kg IM (max 5mg)
  2. 15mg/kg IV (max 10mg)
78
Q

Promethazine type, action, indication

A

H1 receptor blocker
Antihistamine
Sedative

79
Q

Promethazine indication

A

Anaphylaxis

Asthma

80
Q

Promethazine adverse effects

A

Sedation

81
Q

Promethazine precautions

A

Not suitable in trauma

Not suitable in ETOH

82
Q

Promethazine contraindications

A

Allergy

83
Q

Promethazine dose

A

25mg IM

Child under 2: 0.5mg/kg IM

84
Q

Atropine type, action

A

Anticholinergic

Increases heart rate

85
Q

Atropine Indication

A

Bradycardia
Organophosphate poisoning
Envenomation with cholinergic effects

86
Q

Atropine adverse effects

A

Tachycardia
Constipation
Urine retention

87
Q

Atropine dose

A

Bradycardia: 0.5mg every 3-5 min
Poisoning: 1.2mg every 3-5 min

88
Q

Adrenaline action

A

B1: myocardial contractility and excitability
B2: bronchodilation
A: peripheral vasoconstriction, increase afterload

89
Q

Adrenaline Indications

A

Cardiac arrest
Anaphylaxis
Life threatening asthma

90
Q

Adrenaline adverse effects

A

Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Nausea and vomiting
Hypertension

91
Q

Adrenaline cardiac arrest dose

A

1mg (1:1000-1ml or 1:10000-10ml) IV after second shock
OR
1mg immediately in non shockable rhythm

92
Q

Adrenaline Asthma/anaphylaxis dose

A

0.5mg IM anterior lateral thigh

Can rpt after 3-5 minutes

93
Q

Amiodarone type and action

A

Class lll antiarrythmic
Widens action potential
Inc time for myocardial cells to return to resting potential
Gives cells a chance to return to coordinated rhythm

94
Q

Amiodarone indications

A

Cardiac arrest (shockable rhythms)

95
Q

Amiodarone contraindications

A

Allergy

96
Q

Amiodarone dose

A

300mg (or 5mg/kg if less than 60kg) in 20ml dextrose after 3rd shock
150mg (or half initial dose) after 5th shock

97
Q

Salbutamol type and action

A

Beta 2 agonist/ bronchodilator

98
Q

Salbutamol indications

A

Asthma
Allergy affecting airway
Smoke inhalation

99
Q

Ipratropium Bromide type and action

A

Anticholinergic/Bronchodilator

100
Q

Salbutamol precautions

A

IHD due to tachycardia can lead to angina

101
Q

Ipratropium Bromide indications

A

Bronchospasm in asthma for example

102
Q

Salbutamol dose

A

5mg puffer

5mg in 3-4 ml N. Saline nebuliser

103
Q

Salbutamol adverse effects

A

Tachycardia

Tremor

104
Q

Salbutamol contraindications

A

Allergy

105
Q

Ipratropium Bromide adverse effects

A

Anticholinergic effects: tachycardia, urine retention, constipation

106
Q

Ipratropium Bromide contraindications

A

Allergy

Allergy or hypersensitivity to atropine, soy beans or peanuts

107
Q

Ipratropium Bromide dose

A

500mcg/ml nebuliser

108
Q

Hydrocortisone type action and indications

A

Corticosteroid
Anti inflammatory
Asthma and anaphylaxis (after adrenaline, O2, salbutamol)

109
Q

Hydrocortisone contraindications

A

Allergy

Infection

110
Q

Hydrocortisone dose

A

Anaphylaxis 200mg IV or IM

Asthma 100mg IV

111
Q

GTN adverse effects

A

Drop in BP - dizziness, faintness, nausea and vomiting
Tachycardia
Headache

112
Q

Prednisolone type, action and indications

A

Corticosteroid
Anti inflammatory
Anaphylaxis
Asthma

113
Q

Prednisolone dose

A

0.5 mg/kg (30mg in 60kg for eg)

114
Q

Aspirin indications

A

Ischaemic chest pain

Suspected MI

115
Q

Aspirin precautions

A

Suspected bleeding
Surgery
Asthma

116
Q

Aspirin adverse effects

A

Aggravation of bleeding

Can precipitate an asthma attack

117
Q

Prednisolone contraindications

A

Allergy

Infection

118
Q

GTN type, action

A

Vasodilator

Decreases pre and afterload -> decreasing myocardial O2 demand, while maintaining coronary artery perfusion

119
Q

Aspirin dose

A

300mg PO

120
Q

GTN contraindications

A

BP less than 100

121
Q

GTN dose

A

300mcg tab
400mcg spray

If pain persists rpt after 5 mins to a max of 3 doses

122
Q

GTN indications

A

Ischaemic chest pain

Suspected MI

123
Q

Morphine type, action, indications

A

Opioid Analgesic
Acts on opioid receptors in the brain
Severe pain

124
Q

Morphine adverse effects

A 
Respiratory depression
Sedation
Nausea and vomiting
Bradycardia
Hypotension
125
Q

Morphine precautions

A

Patients on MAOIs

126
Q

Morphine contraindications

A

Allergy
BP less than 100
RR less than 10
CNS depression

127
Q

Morphine cardiac dose

A

2.5mg IV
RPT every 3-5 minutes as needed
Max of 10mg

128
Q

Morphine trauma dose

A

2mg IV
Then 1mg every 3 mins
Max of 10mg

129
Q

Metoclopramide type, action and indication

A

Antiemetic
Increases gastric emptying
Nausea and vomiting

130
Q

Metoclopramide adverse effects

A

Acute dystonic reactions
Oculogyric crisis
Drowsiness

131
Q

Metoclopramide precautions

A

Parkinson’s
Schizophrenia
Children

132
Q

Metoclopramide contraindications

A

Allergy or hypersensitivity
History of ADR or oculgyric crisis
Bowel obstruction

133
Q

Metoclopramide dose

A

10mg IV stat

134
Q

Benztropine type, action and indication

A

Anticholinergic
Anticonvulsant
Antihistamine
Use in acute dystonic reactions/oculogyric crisis

135
Q

Benztropine adverse effects

A

Anticholinergic effects: tachycardia, constipation

Antihistamine effects: drowsiness

136
Q

Benztropine precautions

A

Children

Elderly

137
Q

Benztropine contraindications

A

Allergy

138
Q

Benztropine dose

A

2mg IV

139
Q

Naloxone type, action and indication

A

Opioid antagonist

Reversal opioid overdose

140
Q

Naloxone adverse effects

A 
Pain
Opioid withdrawal
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Nausea and vomiting
141
Q

Naloxone contraindications

A

Allergy

142
Q

Naloxone dose

A

400mcg IM

400mcg IV diluted to 8ml N. Saline (50mcg/ml), give 1ml to 4ml (200mcg) at a time until end result reached

143
Q

Methoxyflurane type, action and indication

A

Inhaled analgesic

Pain

144
Q

Promethazine type, action, indication

A

H1 receptor blocker
Antihistamine
Sedative

145
Q

Aspirin contraindications

A

Allergy/hypersensitivity
Suspected bleeding (GIT) or aortic dissection
History of asthma attack following aspirin

146
Q

Methoxyflurane precautions

A

Give O2 first if that is required

Don’t let methoxy take the place over vital O2

147
Q

Promethazine precautions

A

Not suitable in trauma

Not suitable in ETOH

148
Q

Dextrose 50% type, action, indication

A

Naturally occurring glucose
Increases blood glucose levels
Hypoglycaemia (eg less than 3 mmol/L) if pt unable to take PO

149
Q

Promethazine indication

A

Anaphylaxis

Asthma

151
Q

Dextrose 50% adverse effects

A

Tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs

May aggravate brain damage in head injury

152
Q

Dextrose 50% precautions

A

Use small cannula in large vein
SLOW PUSH (3ml/min)
Use running line or flush well

153
Q

Promethazine dose

A

25mg IM

Child under 2: 0.5mg/kg IM

154
Q

Dextrose 50% dose

A

20-30ml slow push until conscious

155
Q

Methoxyflurane adverse effects

A

CNS depression

Nausea and vomiting

155
Q

Methoxyflurane containdications

A

Allergy

Decreased LOC

157
Q

Glucagon type, action and indication

A

Synthetic glucagon
Mobilises liver glycogen, released into blood as glucose
Hypoglycaemia if a) unable to take PO and b) alternate to dextrose (eg if no IV access)

158
Q

Midazolam type and action

A

Benzodiazepine
Sedative
Muscle relaxant
Anticonvulsant

159
Q

Aspirin type and action

A

Analgesic
Antipyretic
Antithrombolytic
Anti inflammatory

160
Q

Glucagon contraindication

A

Previous adverse reaction

160
Q

Glucagon dose

A

1mg/ml IM

162
Q

Midazolam indications

A

Seizures

Procedures (sedation)

163
Q

Midazolam adverse effects

A

Decreased RR, BP, LOC, airway control (esp in ETOH)

164
Q

Midazolam precautions

A

Slow IV push, monitor resp rate

165
Q

Midazolam contraindications

A

Allergy

165
Q

Midazolam dose

A

5mg IM
2.5mg IV

Max 10mg

Child:

  1. 2mg/kg IM (max 5mg)
  2. 15mg/kg IV (max 10mg)
166
Q

Promethazine adverse effects

A

Sedation

167
Q

Promethazine contraindications

A

Allergy

168
Q

Atropine type, action

A

Anticholinergic

Increases heart rate

169
Q

Atropine Indication

A

Bradycardia
Organophosphate poisoning
Envenomation with cholinergic effects

170
Q

Glucagon adverse effects

A

?nausea and vomiting

171
Q

Methoxyflurane dose

A

3ml vial placed into inhaler whistle

May repeat after 20minutes

172
Q

Atropine adverse effects

A

Tachycardia
Constipation
Urine retention

173
Q

Atropine dose

A

Bradycardia: 0.5mg every 3-5 min
Poisoning: 1.2mg every 3-5 min

Protocols (1 decks)

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