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Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenaline action

A

B1: myocardial contractility and excitability
B2: bronchodilation
A: peripheral vasoconstriction, increase afterload

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2
Q

Adrenaline Indications

A

Cardiac arrest
Anaphylaxis
Life threatening asthma

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3
Q

Adrenaline adverse effects

A

Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Nausea and vomiting
Hypertension

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4
Q

Adrenaline cardiac arrest dose

A

1mg (1:1000-1ml or 1:10000-10ml) IV after second shock
OR
1mg immediately in non shockable rhythm

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5
Q

Adrenaline Asthma/anaphylaxis dose

A

0.5mg IM anterior lateral thigh

Can rpt after 3-5 minutes

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6
Q

Amiodarone type and action

A

Class lll antiarrythmic
Widens action potential
Inc time for myocardial cells to return to resting potential
Gives cells a chance to return to coordinated rhythm

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7
Q

Amiodarone indications

A

Cardiac arrest (shockable rhythms)

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8
Q

Adrenaline

Type

A

Alpha and beta adrenergic agonist

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9
Q

Amiodarone contraindications

A

Allergy

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10
Q

Amiodarone dose

A

300mg (or 5mg/kg if less than 60kg) in 20ml dextrose after 3rd shock
150mg (or half initial dose) after 5th shock

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11
Q

Salbutamol type and action

A

Beta 2 agonist/ bronchodilator

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12
Q

Salbutamol indications

A

Asthma
Allergy affecting airway
Smoke inhalation

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13
Q

Salbutamol adverse effects

A

Tachycardia

Tremor

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14
Q

Salbutamol precautions

A

Ischaemic Heart Disease - tachycardia can lead to angina

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15
Q

Salbutamol contraindications

A

Allergy

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16
Q

Salbutamol dose

A

12 puffs PDM (with spacer)
Or if available:
5mg in nebuliser (with n saline)

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17
Q

Ipratropium Bromide type and action

A

Anticholinergic/Bronchodilator

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18
Q

Ipratropium Bromide indications

A

Bronchospasm in asthma for example

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19
Q

Ipratropium Bromide adverse effects

A

Anticholinergic effects: tachycardia, urine retention, constipation

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20
Q

Ipratropium Bromide contraindications

A

Allergy

Allergy or hypersensitivity to atropine, soy beans or peanuts

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21
Q

Ipratropium Bromide dose

A

500mcg/ml nebuliser

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22
Q

Hydrocortisone type action and indications

A

Corticosteroid
Anti inflammatory
Asthma and anaphylaxis (after adrenaline, O2, salbutamol)

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23
Q

Hydrocortisone contraindications

A

Allergy

Infection

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24
Q

Hydrocortisone dose

A

Anaphylaxis 200mg IV or IM

Asthma 100mg IV

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25
Prednisolone type, action and indications
Corticosteroid Anti inflammatory Anaphylaxis Asthma
26
Prednisolone contraindications
Allergy | Infection
27
Prednisolone dose
0.5 mg/kg (30mg in 60kg for eg)
28
Aspirin type and action
Analgesic Antipyretic Antithrombolytic Anti inflammatory
29
Aspirin indications
Ischaemic chest pain | Suspected MI
30
Aspirin precautions
Suspected bleeding Surgery Asthma
31
Aspirin adverse effects
Aggravation of bleeding | Can precipitate an asthma attack
32
Aspirin contraindications
Allergy/hypersensitivity Suspected bleeding (GIT) or aortic dissection History of asthma attack following aspirin
33
Aspirin dose
300mg PO
34
GTN type, action
Vasodilator | Decreases pre and afterload -> decreasing myocardial O2 demand, while maintaining coronary artery perfusion
35
GTN indications
Ischaemic chest pain | Suspected MI
36
GTN adverse effects
Drop in BP - dizziness, faintness, nausea and vomiting Tachycardia Headache
37
GTN contraindications
BP less than 100
38
GTN dose
300mcg tab 400mcg spray If pain persists rpt after 5 mins to a max of 3 doses
39
Morphine type, action, indications
Opioid Analgesic Acts on opioid receptors in the brain Severe pain
40
Morphine adverse effects
``` Respiratory depression Sedation Nausea and vomiting Bradycardia Hypotension ```
41
Morphine precautions
Patients on MAOIs
42
Morphine contraindications
Allergy BP less than 100 RR less than 10 CNS depression
43
Morphine cardiac dose
2.5mg IV RPT every 3-5 minutes as needed Max of 10mg
44
Morphine trauma dose
2mg IV Then 1mg every 3 mins Max of 10mg
45
Metoclopramide type, action and indication
Antiemetic Increases gastric emptying Nausea and vomiting
46
Metoclopramide adverse effects
Acute dystonic reactions Oculogyric crisis Drowsiness
47
Metoclopramide precautions
Parkinson's Schizophrenia Children
48
Metoclopramide contraindications
Allergy or hypersensitivity History of ADR or oculgyric crisis Bowel obstruction
49
Metoclopramide dose
10mg IV stat
50
Benztropine type, action and indication
Anticholinergic Anticonvulsant Antihistamine Use in acute dystonic reactions/oculogyric crisis
51
Benztropine adverse effects
Anticholinergic effects: tachycardia, constipation | Antihistamine effects: drowsiness
52
Benztropine precautions
Children | Elderly
53
Benztropine contraindications
Allergy
54
Benztropine dose
2mg IV
55
Naloxone type, action and indication
Opioid antagonist | Reversal opioid overdose
56
Naloxone adverse effects
``` Pain Opioid withdrawal Tachycardia Hypertension Nausea and vomiting ```
57
Naloxone contraindications
Allergy
58
Naloxone dose
400mcg IM | 400mcg IV diluted to 8ml N. Saline (50mcg/ml), give 1ml to 4ml (200mcg) at a time until end result reached
59
Methoxyflurane type, action and indication
Inhaled analgesic | Pain
60
Methoxyflurane adverse effects
CNS depression | Nausea and vomiting
61
Methoxyflurane precautions
Give O2 first if that is required | Don't let methoxy take the place over vital O2
62
Methoxyflurane containdications
Allergy | Decreased LOC
63
Methoxyflurane dose
3ml vial placed into inhaler whistle | May repeat after 20minutes
64
Dextrose 50% type, action, indication
Naturally occurring glucose Increases blood glucose levels Hypoglycaemia (eg less than 3 mmol/L) if pt unable to take PO
65
Dextrose 50% adverse effects
Tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs | May aggravate brain damage in head injury
66
Dextrose 50% precautions
Use small cannula in large vein SLOW PUSH (3ml/min) Use running line or flush well
67
Dextrose 50% dose
20-30ml slow push until conscious
68
Glucagon type, action and indication
Synthetic glucagon Mobilises liver glycogen, released into blood as glucose Hypoglycaemia if a) unable to take PO and b) alternate to dextrose (eg if no IV access)
69
Glucagon adverse effects
?nausea and vomiting
70
Glucagon contraindication
Previous adverse reaction
71
Glucagon dose
1mg/ml IM
72
Midazolam type and action
Benzodiazepine Sedative Muscle relaxant Anticonvulsant
73
Midazolam indications
Seizures | Procedures (sedation)
74
Midazolam adverse effects
Decreased RR, BP, LOC, airway control (esp in ETOH)
75
Midazolam precautions
Slow IV push, monitor resp rate
76
Midazolam contraindications
Allergy
77
Midazolam dose
5mg IM 2.5mg IV Max 10mg Child: 0. 2mg/kg IM (max 5mg) 0. 15mg/kg IV (max 10mg)
78
Promethazine type, action, indication
H1 receptor blocker Antihistamine Sedative
79
Promethazine indication
Anaphylaxis | Asthma
80
Promethazine adverse effects
Sedation
81
Promethazine precautions
Not suitable in trauma | Not suitable in ETOH
82
Promethazine contraindications
Allergy
83
Promethazine dose
25mg IM | Child under 2: 0.5mg/kg IM
84
Atropine type, action
Anticholinergic | Increases heart rate
85
Atropine Indication
Bradycardia Organophosphate poisoning Envenomation with cholinergic effects
86
Atropine adverse effects
Tachycardia Constipation Urine retention
87
Atropine dose
Bradycardia: 0.5mg every 3-5 min Poisoning: 1.2mg every 3-5 min
88
Adrenaline action
B1: myocardial contractility and excitability B2: bronchodilation A: peripheral vasoconstriction, increase afterload
89
Adrenaline Indications
Cardiac arrest Anaphylaxis Life threatening asthma
90
Adrenaline adverse effects
Tachycardia Arrhythmias Nausea and vomiting Hypertension
91
Adrenaline cardiac arrest dose
1mg (1:1000-1ml or 1:10000-10ml) IV after second shock OR 1mg immediately in non shockable rhythm
92
Adrenaline Asthma/anaphylaxis dose
0.5mg IM anterior lateral thigh | Can rpt after 3-5 minutes
93
Amiodarone type and action
Class lll antiarrythmic Widens action potential Inc time for myocardial cells to return to resting potential Gives cells a chance to return to coordinated rhythm
94
Amiodarone indications
Cardiac arrest (shockable rhythms)
95
Amiodarone contraindications
Allergy
96
Amiodarone dose
300mg (or 5mg/kg if less than 60kg) in 20ml dextrose after 3rd shock 150mg (or half initial dose) after 5th shock
97
Salbutamol type and action
Beta 2 agonist/ bronchodilator
98
Salbutamol indications
Asthma Allergy affecting airway Smoke inhalation
99
Ipratropium Bromide type and action
Anticholinergic/Bronchodilator
100
Salbutamol precautions
IHD due to tachycardia can lead to angina
101
Ipratropium Bromide indications
Bronchospasm in asthma for example
102
Salbutamol dose
5mg puffer | 5mg in 3-4 ml N. Saline nebuliser
103
Salbutamol adverse effects
Tachycardia | Tremor
104
Salbutamol contraindications
Allergy
105
Ipratropium Bromide adverse effects
Anticholinergic effects: tachycardia, urine retention, constipation
106
Ipratropium Bromide contraindications
Allergy | Allergy or hypersensitivity to atropine, soy beans or peanuts
107
Ipratropium Bromide dose
500mcg/ml nebuliser
108
Hydrocortisone type action and indications
Corticosteroid Anti inflammatory Asthma and anaphylaxis (after adrenaline, O2, salbutamol)
109
Hydrocortisone contraindications
Allergy | Infection
110
Hydrocortisone dose
Anaphylaxis 200mg IV or IM | Asthma 100mg IV
111
GTN adverse effects
Drop in BP - dizziness, faintness, nausea and vomiting Tachycardia Headache
112
Prednisolone type, action and indications
Corticosteroid Anti inflammatory Anaphylaxis Asthma
113
Prednisolone dose
0.5 mg/kg (30mg in 60kg for eg)
114
Aspirin indications
Ischaemic chest pain | Suspected MI
115
Aspirin precautions
Suspected bleeding Surgery Asthma
116
Aspirin adverse effects
Aggravation of bleeding | Can precipitate an asthma attack
117
Prednisolone contraindications
Allergy | Infection
118
GTN type, action
Vasodilator | Decreases pre and afterload -> decreasing myocardial O2 demand, while maintaining coronary artery perfusion
119
Aspirin dose
300mg PO
120
GTN contraindications
BP less than 100
121
GTN dose
300mcg tab 400mcg spray If pain persists rpt after 5 mins to a max of 3 doses
122
GTN indications
Ischaemic chest pain | Suspected MI
123
Morphine type, action, indications
Opioid Analgesic Acts on opioid receptors in the brain Severe pain
124
Morphine adverse effects
``` Respiratory depression Sedation Nausea and vomiting Bradycardia Hypotension ```
125
Morphine precautions
Patients on MAOIs
126
Morphine contraindications
Allergy BP less than 100 RR less than 10 CNS depression
127
Morphine cardiac dose
2.5mg IV RPT every 3-5 minutes as needed Max of 10mg
128
Morphine trauma dose
2mg IV Then 1mg every 3 mins Max of 10mg
129
Metoclopramide type, action and indication
Antiemetic Increases gastric emptying Nausea and vomiting
130
Metoclopramide adverse effects
Acute dystonic reactions Oculogyric crisis Drowsiness
131
Metoclopramide precautions
Parkinson's Schizophrenia Children
132
Metoclopramide contraindications
Allergy or hypersensitivity History of ADR or oculgyric crisis Bowel obstruction
133
Metoclopramide dose
10mg IV stat
134
Benztropine type, action and indication
Anticholinergic Anticonvulsant Antihistamine Use in acute dystonic reactions/oculogyric crisis
135
Benztropine adverse effects
Anticholinergic effects: tachycardia, constipation | Antihistamine effects: drowsiness
136
Benztropine precautions
Children | Elderly
137
Benztropine contraindications
Allergy
138
Benztropine dose
2mg IV
139
Naloxone type, action and indication
Opioid antagonist | Reversal opioid overdose
140
Naloxone adverse effects
``` Pain Opioid withdrawal Tachycardia Hypertension Nausea and vomiting ```
141
Naloxone contraindications
Allergy
142
Naloxone dose
400mcg IM | 400mcg IV diluted to 8ml N. Saline (50mcg/ml), give 1ml to 4ml (200mcg) at a time until end result reached
143
Methoxyflurane type, action and indication
Inhaled analgesic | Pain
144
Promethazine type, action, indication
H1 receptor blocker Antihistamine Sedative
145
Aspirin contraindications
Allergy/hypersensitivity Suspected bleeding (GIT) or aortic dissection History of asthma attack following aspirin
146
Methoxyflurane precautions
Give O2 first if that is required | Don't let methoxy take the place over vital O2
147
Promethazine precautions
Not suitable in trauma | Not suitable in ETOH
148
Dextrose 50% type, action, indication
Naturally occurring glucose Increases blood glucose levels Hypoglycaemia (eg less than 3 mmol/L) if pt unable to take PO
149
Promethazine indication
Anaphylaxis | Asthma
151
Dextrose 50% adverse effects
Tissue necrosis if extravasation occurs | May aggravate brain damage in head injury
152
Dextrose 50% precautions
Use small cannula in large vein SLOW PUSH (3ml/min) Use running line or flush well
153
Promethazine dose
25mg IM | Child under 2: 0.5mg/kg IM
154
Dextrose 50% dose
20-30ml slow push until conscious
155
Methoxyflurane adverse effects
CNS depression | Nausea and vomiting
155
Methoxyflurane containdications
Allergy | Decreased LOC
157
Glucagon type, action and indication
Synthetic glucagon Mobilises liver glycogen, released into blood as glucose Hypoglycaemia if a) unable to take PO and b) alternate to dextrose (eg if no IV access)
158
Midazolam type and action
Benzodiazepine Sedative Muscle relaxant Anticonvulsant
159
Aspirin type and action
Analgesic Antipyretic Antithrombolytic Anti inflammatory
160
Glucagon contraindication
Previous adverse reaction
160
Glucagon dose
1mg/ml IM
162
Midazolam indications
Seizures | Procedures (sedation)
163
Midazolam adverse effects
Decreased RR, BP, LOC, airway control (esp in ETOH)
164
Midazolam precautions
Slow IV push, monitor resp rate
165
Midazolam contraindications
Allergy
165
Midazolam dose
5mg IM 2.5mg IV Max 10mg Child: 0. 2mg/kg IM (max 5mg) 0. 15mg/kg IV (max 10mg)
166
Promethazine adverse effects
Sedation
167
Promethazine contraindications
Allergy
168
Atropine type, action
Anticholinergic | Increases heart rate
169
Atropine Indication
Bradycardia Organophosphate poisoning Envenomation with cholinergic effects
170
Glucagon adverse effects
?nausea and vomiting
171
Methoxyflurane dose
3ml vial placed into inhaler whistle | May repeat after 20minutes
172
Atropine adverse effects
Tachycardia Constipation Urine retention
173
Atropine dose
Bradycardia: 0.5mg every 3-5 min Poisoning: 1.2mg every 3-5 min

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