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Critical Care > DRUGS > Flashcards

DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Atropine

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: Anticholinergic (blocks Acetylcholine in PNS).

Use: Bradycardia, brochospasm, GI disorders

CI: Myasthenia Gravis, narrow angle glaucoma

Interaction: TCA’s, antihistamines -> may increase effects

NRSG: Monitor I&O for urinary retention, client should avoid heat d/t decreased perspiration, check for h/o glaucoma, asthma and HTN, educate to expect dry mouth and increased RR & HR.

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2
Q

Propanolol

  • Action
  • uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: Beta-Blockers interfere with beta 1 & 2 receptors in the heart; decreases excitability and cardiac workload and O2 consumption -> decreases BP.

Use: HTN (used with diuretics), angina, SVT, MI prevention, Migraine, HF. (Has been used for stage freight in the past).

CI: Heart block, uncompensated congestive HF, bradycardia, acute bronchospasm

Interactions: CCB, barbiturates, insuline, theophylline, clonadine.

NRSG: Taper gradually over 2 weeks, provide rest periods. May block normal s/s of hypoglycemia - monitor diabetic patients BS. May cause nightmares.

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3
Q

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: Tricyclic antidepressant; prevents repute of serotonin and/or norepinephrine

Use: Major depression, bipolar disorder, enuresis, chronic pain.

CI: Narrow-angle glaucoma

Interactions: MAOI’s, anticholinergics, CNS depressants

NRSG: Monitor for increased suicide risk - increases after 10-14 days d/t increased energy. Orthostatic hypotension, give at bedtime d/t sedative effects, photosensitivity, dry mouth (give sugarless candy).

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4
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: SSRI antidepressant; Blocks serotonin reuptake.

Use: Major depression, eating disorders, panic disorders, PMD

CI: MAOI

Interactions: MAOI, TCA’s, Lithium, Warfarin

NRSG: Take in the AM to avoid insomnia, needs 4 weeks to take effect, can potentiate digoxin, coumadin, and valium.

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5
Q

Chloropromazine

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: Typical Antipsychotic; decreases dopamin, norepinephrine, and Ach receptors.

Use: Schizophrenia, bipolar, Tourette syndrome

CI: Angle closure glaucoma, hepatic or cardiovascular dz, bone marrow depression.

Interactions: Levodopa, CNS depressants, anticholinergics

NRSG: High sedative effect, high incidence of hypotension, photosensitivity. No potential for abuse. Irreversible retinitis pigmentosus at 800mg/day

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6
Q

Prednisone

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: Corticosteriod; anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive. Stimulates gluconeogenesis and decreases use of glucose by body cells.

Use: Suppresses immune response, inflammation, adrenal insufficiency; RA, IBD, SLE.

CI: Current infections, recent live vaccines, bisulfates or ETOH.

Interactions: Digoxin, NSAID, thiazide and loop diuretics, insulin, and oral abx.

NRSG: Monitor F/E balance for hypokalemia/calcemia, monitor for s/s of infxn. Can cause weight gain, buffalo hump, and depression.

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7
Q

Aspirin

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: Salicylate/antipyretic; Decreases prostaglandins to reduce fever/inflammation/pain and platelet aggregation.

Use: Fever, pain

CI: GI disorders, severe anemia, vitamin K deficiency, thrombocytopenia, and children/young adults with viral infxns.

Interactions: Warfarin, Ibuprofen, Corticosteroids.

NRSG: Observe for bleeding gums, black/bloody stool, bruises. Give with milk or food if not enteric coated tablet.

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8
Q

Ibuprofen

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: NSAID; decreases cyclooxygenase (an enzyme responsible for inflammation, fever and pain).

Use: Fever, MI prevention, dysmenorrheal, angina, arthritis.

CI: Hypersensitivity to Aspirin

NRSG: Give with milk. Monitor for GI upset; N/V, diarrhea, constipation.

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9
Q

Procainamide

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: Antidysrhythmic; reduces conduction of impulses to the heart by blocking Na+ channels.

Uses: Arrhythmias (tachycardias, a-flutter, a-fib).

CI: Myasthenia Gravis, conduction defects.

Interactions:

NRSG: Monitor BP (can cause hypotension), and for widening of PR, QRS, or QT intervals (can cause HF).

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10
Q

Digoxin

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: Inotropic; Elevates calcium levels at cell membranes of the heart and increases force of myocardial contraction and slows HR by stimulating the vagus nerve and blocking the AV node.

Use: HF, dysrhythmias

CI: Potassium wasting diuretics (Furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide) w/o supplementation, AV block, constrictive pericarditis

Interactions: Diuretics, ACE inhibiotrs, verapimil, quinidine

NRSG: Instruct to eat high K+ foods, monitor for dig toxicity (risk increases with hypokalemia).

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11
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: inhibits reabsorption of Na+ and Cl in distal renal tubule.

Use: HF, HTN, Renal diseases

CI: Anuria, Licorice & Aloe (can promote potassium loss).

Interactions: Digoxin, lithium, NSAIDs, ototoxic agents.

NRSG: Monitor K+, I&O, BUN, Creatinin. Don’t give as hs. Weight daily. Encourage K+ rich foods.

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12
Q

Spironlactone

  • Action
  • Uses
  • NRSG
A

Action: Aldosterone antagonist; potassium sparing diuretic; causing loss of sodium and water and retention of potassium.

Use: HF, HTN, Renal diseases

NRSG: Can cause hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, & tinnitus. Give with meals, avoid salt substitutes (they commonly contain K+), monitor I&O.

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13
Q

Furosemide

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: Loop diuretic inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in loop of hence and distal renal tubes.

Use: HF, HTN, Renal diseases

NRSG: Monitor for hypotension, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia. For IV: give dose over 1-2minutes for diuresis in 5-10minutes. For PO: diuresis in about 30min. Encourage K+ rich foods.

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14
Q

Captopril

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: Angiotension-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE inhibitor); prevents angiotension II from forming in lungs, thereby constricting blood vessels, lowering BP, and decreased aldosterone secretion –> Na+ and fluid loss.

Use: HTN, CHF, MI, renal disorders, sodium/water retention.

CI: Angioedema with past ACE inhibitor use

Interactions: Diuretics, NSAIDs, lithium, and other hypertensives.

NRSG: Decreased absorption if taken with food; give 1h ac or 2 h pc. Change position slowly. Small, frequent meals.

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15
Q

Cyclosporin

  • Action
  • Uses
  • CI
  • Interactions
  • NRSG
A

Action: Immunosuppressant

Uses: Prevents transplant rejection for liver, kidney, and heart transplants

Interactions: Grapefruit juice

NRSG: Take with food to prevent GI irritation. Report any flu-like symptoms in immunocompromised patients.

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Critical Care (4 decks)

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