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Anatomy > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is amiloride

A

Potassium conserving drug that is given w loop or thiazide to prevent potassium lossless

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2
Q

What precipitates dig tox

A

Hyokalemia

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3
Q

Half life of a drug and clearence

A

Inversely proportional

However directly proportional to volume of dostribution

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4
Q

Alfentanil rapid affect

A

2:2 90% unionized fraction while fentanyl is 9%

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5
Q

Morphine active metabolite

A

Morphine 6 glucouronide, mainly renally excreted and becomes accumulated in renal failure

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6
Q

Fentanyl duration

A

30 mins due to redistribution however termination 3-4 hours

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7
Q

Dose response curve

A

Is a graph that shows how much drug is needed to create a response on a slope
Steeper the graph, the less drug that is required

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8
Q

Opoid receptor activation leads to

A

By increasing potassium conductance and decreasing calcium conductance the neuornal pain pathways become hyper polorized which decreases the release of neurotransmitters

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9
Q

Mu 1 receptor

A

Mediate suprasspinal (brain) anagesia and kappa anelgesia.

Also causes muscle rigidty

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10
Q

Mu2

A

Causes resp depression

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11
Q

Meperidine and how its diffirent from other opiates

A

Decreases contractiliry, inc hr and mydriasis. Acts like atropine anti chol

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12
Q

Opiates blunt co2 chemoreceptors in medulla causing whay

A

Increase tidal volume and dec resp to maintain ventilkation

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13
Q

Chest wall rigidty with opiate

A

Central acting can be inhibitted by muscle relaxant

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14
Q

Meperidine inhibits shivering via

A

Kappa receptors

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15
Q

Properties of opiates that are resistant to tolerance

A

Constipation is resistant to tolerance meaning everyone gets it

Also miosis is resistant

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16
Q

Maoi and meperidine

A

Can precipitate seretonin syndrom

17
Q

Sufentanil vs fentanyl in infusions

A

Fentanyl redistributes from periphery to central compartment after infusion is stopped

Sufentanil contiues to go into periphery even when drip is stopped

Means context sensative halflife is much longer in fenanyl

18
Q

Remifenil and dibucaine number

A

No affect. Remi is non spec esterases. Dibucaine interprets pseudocholinesterase

19
Q

Benzodiazipine moa

A

Binds to gaba-a in cns and leads to inc binding of receptor to gaba molecule.
This then causes hyperpolorization and dec post synaptic excitability

20
Q

Baclofen vs benzo teceptor

A

Baclofen gaba b, benzo gaba-a

21
Q

How long after surgery must pt come back if not voided

A

12 hrs

22
Q

Max dec of mac w high dose opiods

A

60%

23
Q

Longest half life termination

A

Methadone

24
Q

Chronic opiod affect

A

Dec in opiate receptors and glutimate receptors

Also leads to increased nmda receptors even tho glutumate binds to nmda

So ketamine a nmda antag is good for chronic pain patients

25
Q

Benzo binding to gaba causes what

A

A change in postsynaptic! Chloride and changes the nernst potential

Nernst means the difference in membrane potential

26
Q

Mu 2

A

Resp depression and constipation

27
Q

Kappa

A

Sedation and miosis

28
Q

Mu 1

A

Euphoria moosis and bradycardia

29
Q

Local anesthetic + fentanyl

A

Decrease intraoperative nausea then just bupivicaine or morphine because they lead to a denser block from visceral pain to dec nv

30
Q

Neseritide

A

Works via cgmp to cause vascular smooth muscle relaxation simolar to no
Dec map and pcwo but increases renal blood flow

31
Q

Digoxin

A

Works via inhibiting na/k pump leading to increased intracellular calcium. It decreases chronotroph via dec conduction jn av node and purkinje fibrrs

Used in heartfailure and atrial fib/flutter

32
Q

Nicotinic vs muscarinic

A

Nicotinic : stimulates autonomic ganglia and skeletal muscle
Muscarinic: activates end organ effector crlls in bronchial smooth muscle, salivary glands and sa node

Nicotinix is blocked my nmb
Muscarnic is blocked by anticholenrgics

Makes sense nicotnic is for muscl
Muscarinic is for heart sa node

33
Q

Meperidine

A

Decreased contractility, increased he, increased mydriasis

34
Q

Morphine vs fentanyl half life

A

Morphine is less protein bound and less lipid soluble so its half life is less

35
Q

Prolonged use of opiods

A

Leads to down regulation and internalization kof opiod rexeltors leading to less membrane hyperpolorization.

Opiod receptors are g protien with secondary messaging mechanism and decoupling. In orher words there are fewer receptors

36
Q

Most likely to be removed in lungs

A

Nor epi

Serotonin also removed

37
Q

All volatile anesthics

A

Dec tv inc rr dev mv and cause airway irritation

38
Q

Ketamine

A

Inhibits nmda

39
Q

Induction agent with greatest myocardial depression

A

Thiopental greater then propofol most like to cause a dose dependent negative effect from dec of caclium influx

Anatomy (9 decks)

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