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PHTH 7390 > DRUGS!!!! > Flashcards

DRUGS!!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Indications for antianxiety drugs

A

general anxiety, panic disorder, PTSD, prevention of seizures, insomnia or to relieve symptoms of alcohol withdrawal

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2
Q

Antianxiety drugs

A

Benzodiazepine: fast acting tranquilizers that work by slowing down the CNS (activating opioid receptors)

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3
Q

Common brands of antiaxiety drugs

A

Lorazepam, Ativan, Versed, Valium

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4
Q

Adverse reactions of antianxiety drugs

A

Drowsiness, confusion, headache, clumsiness (from slowed reflexes), memory loss, blurred vision, depression, addiction (can infrequently increase anxiety, cause hostility, produce hallucinations)

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5
Q

Special considerations for rehab with antianxiety drugs

A

peak at 2-4 hrs post administration, will calm patient but may also cause sedation

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6
Q

Antidepressant drugs

A

SSRI: work by elevating serotonin levels in the brain

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7
Q

Indications for antidepressant drugs

A

serious depression, chronic anxiety disorders, OCD, insomnia

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8
Q

Common brands of antidepressant drugs

A

Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft

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9
Q

Adverse reactions to antidepressant drugs

A

highly variable, including insomnia, dry mouth, anxiety, nausea, headaches, weight gain

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10
Q

Special considerations for rehab with antidepressant drugs

A

may cause orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia, especially in the elderly; take 5-6 weeks to reach full potential, some reports show SSRIs increase suicidal thoughts

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11
Q

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants (for MSK conditions)

A

used to treat acute pain. May work by depressing CNS or by blocking pain receptors

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12
Q

Indications for SM relaxants

A

muscle spasms, MSK pain, fibro-myalgia

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13
Q

Common brands of SM relaxants

A

Flexeril, skelaxin, zanaflex, robaxin, soma

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14
Q

Adverse reactions to SM relaxants

A

dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, confusion
Zanaflex may also cause low BP and low HR
Soma is addictive

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15
Q

Special considerations for rehab with SM relaxants

A

Drowsiness and/or dizziness may adversely affect exercise. Might advise patient to take at night to decrease adverse effects of sedation

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16
Q

Analgesics (opioid)

A

bind to receptors in CNS and PNS

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17
Q

Indications for analgesics

A

relief from severe pain

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18
Q

Common brands of analgesics

A

Duragesic, dilaudid, demerol, oxycontin, tylenol 3, lorcet/lortab/vicodin, percocet, morphine, tramadol/ultram

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19
Q

Adverse reactions to analgesics

A

sedation, constipation, nausea/vomiting, allergic reactions

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20
Q

Special considerations for rehab with analgesics

A

respiratory depression; diminished bone density with chronic use

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21
Q

Antiemetics

A

include anticholinergics, antihistamines, etc. Most work on receptors in the brain

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22
Q

Indications of the antiemetics

A

nausea and vomiting, post op, chemo, and vertigo

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23
Q

Common brands of antiemetics

A

Antivert, phenergen, benedryl, reglan, zofran

24
Q

Adverse reactions to antiemetics

A

dizziness, headache, constipation, and drowsiness

25
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
act as non-selective inhibitors of prostaglandins, the messengers in inflammatory responses
26
Indications of NSAIDs
pain, inflammation, fever
27
Common brands of NSAIDs
Advil/Motrin, Nuprin, Aleve/Naprosyn, Celebrx, Bufferin, Bayer, Excedrin, and by prescription: Lodine, Toradol, Daypro, Mobic, Naprosyn, Relafen, Voltaren
28
Adverse reactions to NSAIDs
GI bleeding (from decrease in production of prostaglandins) - with expection of celebrex, kidney damage (from reduced blood flow), elevated BP (from increased retention).
29
Special considerations for rehab with NSAIDs
provides analgesia without sedation, can be used for prolonged periods, caution patients against mixing over the counter NSAIDs with their usual medicines without a physicians permission
30
Adrenocorticosteroids
combine with steroid receptors in cytoplasm
31
Indications for adrenocorticosteroids
severe inflammation or allergic reactions. Used in treatment of inflammatory (localized bursitis and tenosynovitis) and immunologic disorders ( such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus) as well as in treatment of disorders of adrenal dysfunctions
32
Common brands of adrenocorticosteroids
Oral or topical: medrol, hydrocortisone, prednisone, solu-medrol, decadron
33
Adverse reaction to adrenocorticosteroids
suppression of adrenal glands; increased fat deposition in shoulders, face, and abdomen, HTN, increased body hair, glucose intolerance, osteoporosis, breakdown of collagen in bones ligaments, tendons nad skin, increased susceptibility to infections
34
Special considerations of rehab for adrenocorticosteroids
MSK structures can be fragile, skin is thin and easily damaged, monitor BP during exercise, protect against infection
35
Antibacterial agents
act by killing bacteria or by preventing bacteria from multiplying
36
Indications for antibacterial agents
bacterial infections (existence or likelihood)
37
Common brands for antibacterial agents
Amoxicillin, Cefazolin, Keflex, Neomycin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Zithromax, Cipro, Levaquin, Vancomycin, Zyvox
38
Adverse reactions to antibacterials
multiple and variable, including: rash, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, headache
39
Special consideration for rehab with antibacterials
cephalasporins believed to have contributed to rise in antibiotic-resistant infections. Watch for hypersensitivity reactions (intching, rashes, wheezing). Antibiotic resistance may develop with prolonged use, inhibiting healing) - Patients on vancomycin or zyvox may have MRSA - bloodborne pathogen precautions apply
40
Antivirals/Antiretrovirals
work by inactivating the enzymes needed for viral replications
41
Indications for antivirals
herpes virus, chicken pox, shingles, cytomegalovirus, influenza, HIV
42
Common brands of antivirals
Tamiflu, Acyclovir, Retrovir, Norvir, Adefovir, Valomaciclovir
43
Adverse reaction or antiviral
nausea, diarrhea, rash, decreased renal function. Some meds will lower white blood cell count. Many of these meds will interact w/other drugs
44
Special considerations for rehab for antiviral
monitor for adverse reactions
45
Antihypertensives
reduce BP by reducing blood volume (acting as diuretic), reducing arterial pressure (activng as vasodilators, typically ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers)
46
Indications of antihypertensives
Stage I hypertension: diastolic readings consistently above 90-99 mmHg or systolic above 140-159 mmHg
47
Common brands of antihypertensives
Diovan, Benicar, Lotensin, Avapro, Norvasc, Procardia, Isoptin, Lasix, Captopril, Ramipril
48
Adverse reactions to antihypertensives
varied: changes in fluid balance, HR, myocardial contractility, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, headache, nausea, cough, dizziness
49
Special considerations for rehab for antihypertensives
systemic heat or whirlpool may cause excessive vasodilation, exercise tolerance may be impaired; postural changes may cause orthostatic hypotension
50
Indications for treatment of angina pectoris
acute or chronic angina pectoris
51
Common brands of drugs for treatments of angina pectoris
Nitroglycerine, a potent vasodilator (Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers may also be prescribed to reduce heart's workload)
52
Adverse reactions to drugs that treat angina pectoris
uneven heart rate, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension
53
Special considerations for rehab for drugs that treat angina pectoris
patients with stable angina (angina brought on by physical exertyion) should have nitroglycerin on hand during therapy sessions; monitor for pain, fatigue, or changes in vital signs
54
Indications for treatment of CHF
impaired cardiac pumping ability due to decreased cardiac muscle function, fluid overload, or valve deterioration
55
Common brands of drugs that treat CHF
beta blockers, diuretics, and calcium channel blockers, Digoxin
56
Adverse reactions to drugs that treat CHF
Digoxin overdose not uncommon and toxicity can be fatal. Look for GI distress(nausea/vomiting), heart rhythm disturbances, delirium
57
Special considerations for rehab of drugs that treat CHF
Signs of acute CHF (dyspnea, rales, cough, frothy sputum), signs of toxicity, or unusual fatigue, weakness, or peripheral edema

PHTH 7390 (1 decks)

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