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PHTH 7390 > DRUGS!!!! > Flashcards

DRUGS!!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Indications for antianxiety drugs

A

general anxiety, panic disorder, PTSD, prevention of seizures, insomnia or to relieve symptoms of alcohol withdrawal

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2
Q

Antianxiety drugs

A

Benzodiazepine: fast acting tranquilizers that work by slowing down the CNS (activating opioid receptors)

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3
Q

Common brands of antiaxiety drugs

A

Lorazepam, Ativan, Versed, Valium

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4
Q

Adverse reactions of antianxiety drugs

A

Drowsiness, confusion, headache, clumsiness (from slowed reflexes), memory loss, blurred vision, depression, addiction (can infrequently increase anxiety, cause hostility, produce hallucinations)

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5
Q

Special considerations for rehab with antianxiety drugs

A

peak at 2-4 hrs post administration, will calm patient but may also cause sedation

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6
Q

Antidepressant drugs

A

SSRI: work by elevating serotonin levels in the brain

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7
Q

Indications for antidepressant drugs

A

serious depression, chronic anxiety disorders, OCD, insomnia

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8
Q

Common brands of antidepressant drugs

A

Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft

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9
Q

Adverse reactions to antidepressant drugs

A

highly variable, including insomnia, dry mouth, anxiety, nausea, headaches, weight gain

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10
Q

Special considerations for rehab with antidepressant drugs

A

may cause orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia, especially in the elderly; take 5-6 weeks to reach full potential, some reports show SSRIs increase suicidal thoughts

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11
Q

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants (for MSK conditions)

A

used to treat acute pain. May work by depressing CNS or by blocking pain receptors

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12
Q

Indications for SM relaxants

A

muscle spasms, MSK pain, fibro-myalgia

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13
Q

Common brands of SM relaxants

A

Flexeril, skelaxin, zanaflex, robaxin, soma

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14
Q

Adverse reactions to SM relaxants

A

dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, confusion
Zanaflex may also cause low BP and low HR
Soma is addictive

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15
Q

Special considerations for rehab with SM relaxants

A

Drowsiness and/or dizziness may adversely affect exercise. Might advise patient to take at night to decrease adverse effects of sedation

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16
Q

Analgesics (opioid)

A

bind to receptors in CNS and PNS

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17
Q

Indications for analgesics

A

relief from severe pain

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18
Q

Common brands of analgesics

A

Duragesic, dilaudid, demerol, oxycontin, tylenol 3, lorcet/lortab/vicodin, percocet, morphine, tramadol/ultram

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19
Q

Adverse reactions to analgesics

A

sedation, constipation, nausea/vomiting, allergic reactions

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20
Q

Special considerations for rehab with analgesics

A

respiratory depression; diminished bone density with chronic use

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21
Q

Antiemetics

A

include anticholinergics, antihistamines, etc. Most work on receptors in the brain

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22
Q

Indications of the antiemetics

A

nausea and vomiting, post op, chemo, and vertigo

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23
Q

Common brands of antiemetics

A

Antivert, phenergen, benedryl, reglan, zofran

24
Q

Adverse reactions to antiemetics

A

dizziness, headache, constipation, and drowsiness

25
Q

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

act as non-selective inhibitors of prostaglandins, the messengers in inflammatory responses

26
Q

Indications of NSAIDs

A

pain, inflammation, fever

27
Q

Common brands of NSAIDs

A

Advil/Motrin, Nuprin, Aleve/Naprosyn, Celebrx, Bufferin, Bayer, Excedrin, and by prescription: Lodine, Toradol, Daypro, Mobic, Naprosyn, Relafen, Voltaren

28
Q

Adverse reactions to NSAIDs

A

GI bleeding (from decrease in production of prostaglandins) - with expection of celebrex, kidney damage (from reduced blood flow), elevated BP (from increased retention).

29
Q

Special considerations for rehab with NSAIDs

A

provides analgesia without sedation, can be used for prolonged periods, caution patients against mixing over the counter NSAIDs with their usual medicines without a physicians permission

30
Q

Adrenocorticosteroids

A

combine with steroid receptors in cytoplasm

31
Q

Indications for adrenocorticosteroids

A

severe inflammation or allergic reactions. Used in treatment of inflammatory (localized bursitis and tenosynovitis) and immunologic disorders ( such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus) as well as in treatment of disorders of adrenal dysfunctions

32
Q

Common brands of adrenocorticosteroids

A

Oral or topical: medrol, hydrocortisone, prednisone, solu-medrol, decadron

33
Q

Adverse reaction to adrenocorticosteroids

A

suppression of adrenal glands; increased fat deposition in shoulders, face, and abdomen, HTN, increased body hair, glucose intolerance, osteoporosis, breakdown of collagen in bones ligaments, tendons nad skin, increased susceptibility to infections

34
Q

Special considerations of rehab for adrenocorticosteroids

A

MSK structures can be fragile, skin is thin and easily damaged, monitor BP during exercise, protect against infection

35
Q

Antibacterial agents

A

act by killing bacteria or by preventing bacteria from multiplying

36
Q

Indications for antibacterial agents

A

bacterial infections (existence or likelihood)

37
Q

Common brands for antibacterial agents

A

Amoxicillin, Cefazolin, Keflex, Neomycin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Zithromax, Cipro, Levaquin, Vancomycin, Zyvox

38
Q

Adverse reactions to antibacterials

A

multiple and variable, including: rash, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, headache

39
Q

Special consideration for rehab with antibacterials

A

cephalasporins believed to have contributed to rise in antibiotic-resistant infections. Watch for hypersensitivity reactions (intching, rashes, wheezing). Antibiotic resistance may develop with prolonged use, inhibiting healing) - Patients on vancomycin or zyvox may have MRSA - bloodborne pathogen precautions apply

40
Q

Antivirals/Antiretrovirals

A

work by inactivating the enzymes needed for viral replications

41
Q

Indications for antivirals

A

herpes virus, chicken pox, shingles, cytomegalovirus, influenza, HIV

42
Q

Common brands of antivirals

A

Tamiflu, Acyclovir, Retrovir, Norvir, Adefovir, Valomaciclovir

43
Q

Adverse reaction or antiviral

A

nausea, diarrhea, rash, decreased renal function.
Some meds will lower white blood cell count.
Many of these meds will interact w/other drugs

44
Q

Special considerations for rehab for antiviral

A

monitor for adverse reactions

45
Q

Antihypertensives

A

reduce BP by reducing blood volume (acting as diuretic), reducing arterial pressure (activng as vasodilators, typically ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers)

46
Q

Indications of antihypertensives

A

Stage I hypertension: diastolic readings consistently above 90-99 mmHg or systolic above 140-159 mmHg

47
Q

Common brands of antihypertensives

A

Diovan, Benicar, Lotensin, Avapro, Norvasc, Procardia, Isoptin, Lasix, Captopril, Ramipril

48
Q

Adverse reactions to antihypertensives

A

varied: changes in fluid balance, HR, myocardial contractility, fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, headache, nausea, cough, dizziness

49
Q

Special considerations for rehab for antihypertensives

A

systemic heat or whirlpool may cause excessive vasodilation, exercise tolerance may be impaired; postural changes may cause orthostatic hypotension

50
Q

Indications for treatment of angina pectoris

A

acute or chronic angina pectoris

51
Q

Common brands of drugs for treatments of angina pectoris

A

Nitroglycerine, a potent vasodilator (Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers may also be prescribed to reduce heart’s workload)

52
Q

Adverse reactions to drugs that treat angina pectoris

A

uneven heart rate, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension

53
Q

Special considerations for rehab for drugs that treat angina pectoris

A

patients with stable angina (angina brought on by physical exertyion) should have nitroglycerin on hand during therapy sessions; monitor for pain, fatigue, or changes in vital signs

54
Q

Indications for treatment of CHF

A

impaired cardiac pumping ability due to decreased cardiac muscle function, fluid overload, or valve deterioration

55
Q

Common brands of drugs that treat CHF

A

beta blockers, diuretics, and calcium channel blockers, Digoxin

56
Q

Adverse reactions to drugs that treat CHF

A

Digoxin overdose not uncommon and toxicity can be fatal. Look for GI distress(nausea/vomiting), heart rhythm disturbances, delirium

57
Q

Special considerations for rehab of drugs that treat CHF

A

Signs of acute CHF (dyspnea, rales, cough, frothy sputum), signs of toxicity, or unusual fatigue, weakness, or peripheral edema

PHTH 7390 (1 decks)

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