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Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 drugs are given post MI

A

Aspirin, Beta Blocker, ACE inhibitor, Statin

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2
Q

What 4 drugs are given in a suspected MI

A

GTN or opioid eg Diamorphine (2.5-5mg) with an anti-emetic
Aspirin (300mg) chewable.
Clopidogrel (300mg),

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3
Q

3 types of Drugs used in Hypertension

A

Thiazide Diuretics
Beta Blockers
Vasodilators e.g. Calcium antagonist, alpha blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs

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4
Q

4 Drugs used in angina

A

Beta blockers, calcium antagonists, nitrates (GTN), Nicorandil

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5
Q

What do diuretics do and where?

A

Block Na reabsorption in the kidney

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6
Q

Name the two types of diuretics

A

Loop and Thiazide

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7
Q

When are loop diuretics used?

A

In heart failure

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8
Q

What is the stronger type of diuretic?

A

Loop Diuretics

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9
Q

What are some of the side effects of diuretics?

A

Hypokalaemia, Hyperglycaemia, Increase in Uric Acid, Impotence

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10
Q

What do Beta blockers do?

A

Block B1 and B2 adrenoceptors

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11
Q

What patients would you never give a beta blocker to?

A

Asthmatics

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12
Q

What do Cardioselective B blockers do?

A

Only block B1 receptors

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13
Q

What do non-selective B Blockers do?

A

Block B1 and B2 receptors

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14
Q

What do Beta blockers usually end in?

A

-lol e.g. Atenolol

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15
Q

Name 3 side effects of Beta blockers?

A

Tiredness, Cold Peripheries, short term heart failure

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16
Q

What are the two types of calcium antagonists?

A

Dihydropyridines and Rate limiting calcium antagonists

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17
Q

What are the dihydropyridines (calcium antagonist) used for?

A

Hypertension and angina

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18
Q

What is the main side effect of dihydropyridines?

A

Ankle oedema

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19
Q

What are the rate limiting calcium antagonists used for?

A

Hypertension and angina as well as SV arrythmias (e.g. AF and SVT)

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20
Q

What to the rate limiting calcium antagonists do?

A

They block the effect of the AV node

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21
Q

What do alpha blockers do? What does this result in?

A

Block alpha adrenoceptors which result in venodilation

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22
Q

What are alpha blockers used in?

A

Hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy

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23
Q

What is the main side effect of alpha blockers?

A

Postural Hypotension (dizziness when the patient stands up due to a drop in blood pressure)

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24
Q

How do ACE inhibitors work?

A

Block the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

25
Q

What do ACE inhibitors end in?

A

pril - e.g. lisinopril

26
Q

What are ACE inhibitors used for?

A

Hypertension and Heart Failure

27
Q

Name 3 side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Dry cough, hypotension, renal dysfunction

28
Q

When should ACE inhibitors not be used?

A

In pregnancy induced Hypertension

29
Q

Why would and ARB be used instead of an ACE inhibitor?

A

If the patient can’t tolerate the dry cough

30
Q

What do ARBs do?

A

Block angiotensin 2 receptors

31
Q

What do ARBs end in?

A

-artan e.g. Losartan

32
Q

Can patient with pregnancy induced Hypertension use an ARB? Yes or No?

A

No

33
Q

What do the nitrates do in the body?

A

Cause venodilation

34
Q

When are nitrates used?

A

In angina and acute heart failure

35
Q

What are the main side effects of nitrates?

A

Headaches and syncope due to lowered blood pressure

36
Q

How do you prevent tolerance in patients?

A

Ensure they have a nitrate free period (e.g. 8 hours without taking nitrates a day)

37
Q

What is the function of antiplatelet agents?

A

Prevent a new thrombosis

38
Q

When are antiplatelet agents used?

A

In angina, acute MI, CVA and TIA

39
Q

What are the main 2 antiplatelet agents used?

A

Aspirin and clopidogrel

40
Q

What are the 3 side effects of antiplatelet agents?

A

Risk of haemorrhage, peptic ulcer, aspirin sensitivity which could trigger an asthma attack

41
Q

What is the role of anticoagulants?

A

To prevent a new thrombosis

42
Q

Name the 4 drugs used as anticoagulants

A

Heparin IV, Warfarin, Rivaroxaban abd Dabigatron

43
Q

When are anticoagulants used?

A

In patients with DVT, PE, AF and NSTEMI

44
Q

What do fibrinolytic drugs do?

A

Dissolve a formed clot

45
Q

In what patients are fibrinolytic drugs used in?

A

STEMI patients, and some cases of CVA and PE

46
Q

What is the main risk of fibrinolytic drugs?

A

Serious risk of haemmorhage

47
Q

Name 5 examples of patients that cannot have fibrinolytic drugs

A

Recent haemorrhage, trauma, bleeding tendencies, severe diabetic retinopathy and peptic ulcer

48
Q

What are the two types of anticholesterol drugs?

A

Statins and Fibrates

49
Q

What do statins do?

A

Block HMG CoA reductase

50
Q

When are statins used?

A

Hypercholesteraemia, diabetes, Angina, MI, CVA/TIA, Patients with a high risk of MI and CVA

51
Q

What is the main side effect of a statin?

A

Myopathy

52
Q

Name 2 cases where a fibrate would be used

A

Hypertriglyceridaemia and Low HDL cholesterol

53
Q

What drug is used in the acute phase of supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Adenosine

54
Q

What 3 types of drugs are used to treat ventricular / supraventricular arrythmias?

A

Amiodarone, Beta blockers and Flecainide

55
Q

What are the 3 side effects of anti-arrhytmic drugs?

A

Phototoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis and thyroid abnormalities (hypo or hyper)

56
Q

What 2 things does digoxin do?

A

Block atrial-ventricular (AV) conduction, and increases ventricular irratibility

57
Q

Patients with what arrythmia benefit from Digoxin?

A

Atrial Fibrillation

58
Q

What is the main risk of excessive use of digoxin? what can this result in?

A

Bradycardia due to the heart rate falling too much. this can result in heart block

59
Q

What can digoxin toxicity cause?

A

Nausea / vomiting, yellow vision, bradycardia, heart block and ventricular arrythmias

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