Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Drug list > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Irreversible alpha 1, alpha 2 anatagonist

  • prevents vasoconstriction, decreases BP
  • non selective, non competitive alpha antagonist
  • irreversible, manages hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma: prior to the surgical removal of the tumor. For chronic management of inoperable tumors.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

Treatment for hypertension and opioid withdrawal
side effects: Bradycardia and hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phentolamine

A

alpha 1, alpha 2 antagonist-prevents vasoconstriction

Reversible, competitive antagonist
Control of HTN during properative preparation and surgical excision
prevention of dermal necrosis after extravasation of norepinephrine
hypertensive control of stimlant drug effect
manages hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pancuronium

A

Neuromuscular Nicotinic Antagonist
(Non-depolarizing (competitive) neuromuscular blocker
-induction of muscle paralysis (flaccid) in surgery
Side effecs: Hypertension, apnea, bronchospasm, salivation, flushing and respiratory failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atenolol

A

Selective B1 blocker

  • Treats hypertension and angina, reduces blood volume via decrease in renin production
  • Side effects: sedation and dyspnea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pindolol

A

Partial agonist beta 1

-treats hypertension in patients with bradycardia or low cardiac reserve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Propranolol

A

Non-selective Beta blocker
-treatment for hypertension and angina
side effects: More severe sedation, bronchoconstriction and dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neostigmine and Physostigmine

A

Reversible anticholinesterase

  • Longer duration of action; useful for treatment of Myasthenia Gravis
  • treatment for Atropine poisoning
  • Physostigmine crosses BBB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Edrophomium

A

Reversible anticholinesterase
-short duration of action; useful for diagnosing Myasthenia Gravis (autoimmune disease against Nm subtype) and Lambert Eaton (autoimmune disease against Ca+2 channels-reduces ACh release)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Albuterol

A

B2 agonist

  • avoids cardiac B1
  • used as Asthma reliever. Rapid action (15mins) relative short duration (4-6hrs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1 Agonist

  • Prominent Ionotropic effects–>increased contractibility and cardiac output but not heart rate-no change in peripheral resistance.
  • Short half life due to COMT metabolism
  • used in acute management of heart failure (note more than just B1 activity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine

A

Inhibitors of Catecholamine Storage

Used for nasal decongestion-increase NE activity at post synaptic alpha and beta receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Amphetamines

A

Inhibitors of Catecholamine storage

  • displaces endogenous Catecholamine from vesicles
  • blocks NET
  • Weak inhibitor of MAO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist
-allows sympathetic responses to predominate
-competitive antagonist
-reverses sinus bradycardia caused by excessive vagal tone
Reduces: SLUDGE

Actions: Pupil dilation Tachycardia, decrease secretions (Salivary , bronchial, GIT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic agonist

  • similar to muscarine
  • until recently only MR agonist to be used clinically
  • treats glaucoma, causes miosis, drains aquoes humor-decreases intraocular pressure
  • used to treat dry mouth in sjorgens syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Methacholine

A

Muscarinic Agonist

  • 3x more resistant to hydrolysis by AChE
  • little affinity for Nicotinic receptors
  • used in diagnosis of asthma–>asthmatics are more sensitive to bronchial secreting actions of methacholine; will respond to lower doses than a normal individual
16
Q

Bethanecol

A

Muscarinic agonist

  • almost completely selective for muscarinic receptors
  • agent choice for promoting GI and urinary tract motility; assists in bladder emptying
  • particularly post-operative, post-partum and drug-related urine retention
17
Q

Botulinum toxin (Botox)

A

Prevents ACh release.

  • degrades synaptobrevin (vSNARE) and prevents vesicle fusion/exocytosis
  • Used clinically to paralyze selected muscles with excessive tone; focal dystonia and for unmasking subclinical Lambert Eaton Syndrome
18
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

Alpha 1, Alpha2 agonist

-Topical/nasal decongestant (Vicks, Sudafed, Afrin, Dristan); treats ocular hyperemia-eye redness (Visine)

19
Q

epinephrine (high at adrena medulla) and Norepinephrine (high at sympathetic nerve fibers)

A

alpha and beta agonists
EPI: higher affinity for B2 - predominant Beta effect; at higher concs has effects on alpha 1; higher doses effective at treating anaphylaxis and used for vasoconstriction in conjunction with local anesthetic

NOR:affinity for alpha1 and Beta1; little affinity for Beta2

  • Epi slightly more potent at alpa 1
  • both equipotent at B1
20
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Neuromuscular Nicotinic agonists (depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker)

  • keeps muscles from contracting
  • desensitization of Nm receptor leading to muscle paralysis
  • Paralysis of pharyngeal muscle for intubation and ventilation
  • Ach worsens because of desensitization
21
Q

Prazosin and Tamsulosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist
- long half life
-treatment for hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prazosin side effects: postural orthostatic/hypotension related to first dose phenomena
Tamsulosin: selective for genitourinary smooth muscle receptor subtype (a1A)
-side effects: less postural/ orthostatic hypotension
- BPH use tamsulosin better.

22
Q

Phenylephrine

A

alpha 1 agonist
Nasal decongestant; treatment of shock
-Side effects: hypertension
-Used to increase BP in hypotension resulting from vasodilation in septic shock or anesthesia.

23
Q

Malathion

A

Irreversible anticholinesterase

  • toxic, used in pesticides
  • death
24
Q

Cocaine

A

Inhibitors of Catecholamine reuptake

25
Q

Imipramine

A

Inhibitor of Catecholamine reuptake

  • used for treatment of mild depression
  • side effects: postural hypotension and tachycardia
26
Q

Iproniazid

A

Inhibitor of Catecholamine metabolsim

  • irreversible and nonselective
  • discontinued in most of the world except France

Physiology Drug list (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions