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Pharm Exam 6 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Prazosin MOA

A

Alpha-1-adrenergic blocker - prevents vasoconstriction

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2
Q

Prazosin Treats

A

BPH, Primary HTN

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3
Q

Adverse Effects of Propanolol

A

Highly lipid soluble - CNS effects (sleep), bronchoconstriction (non-specific), bradycardia

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4
Q

Thiazide Adverse Effects

A

Hypokalemia, Alkalosis, Hyperglycemia, Hypercholesterolinemia, limited use for HTN (~10mmHg)

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5
Q

Labetolol

A

Adrenergic alpha- and beta-blocking effects (both are competitive). Alpha-1 and Beta-1,2 (ISA); Decreased TPR due to Alpha-1 activity (vasodilation), Some decrease in CO

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6
Q

If a pt does not respond at all to 1 HTN drug initially, you should:

A

stop that drug and try another

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7
Q

“low and slow” approach to starting HTN drugs allows the pt to:

A

hemodynamically adapt to the resetting of baroreceptors

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8
Q

What drug should be avoided while using Nitrates for fear it will cause _________?

A

Viagra; Fatal Hypotension

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9
Q

How do thiazides work for HTN initially, long-term?

A

Initially they drop CO via natriuresis (limited by RAAS) and long-term use results in decreased TPR.

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10
Q

Losartan mechanism

A

Inhibit the conversion of Angiotensin I –> II, preventing A-II mediated vasoconstriction, and decreased TPR and BP; Decreases A-II synthesis of Aldosterone -> decreased Na/H2O retention; Inhibits A-II facilitated release of NE from peripheral SNS

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11
Q

Which drugs in combination w/ K+ Sparing Diuretics could produce adverse effects including hyperkalemia?

A

RAAS inhibitor

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12
Q

Which HTN drug causes a non-productive cough?

A

ACE inhibitors (high bradykinin)

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13
Q

Which class of drugs have the same effects as ACE inhibitors but do not have high bradykinin levels?

A

ARBs

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14
Q

Thiazides are contraindicated for?

A

Diabetics, Hyperlipidemia pts, Gout pts

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15
Q

Cholestyramine causes

A

malabsorption of other drugs, nutrients in the intestine, binds bile acids, reduces LDL in plasma, causes bloating and constipation

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16
Q

Which drug irritates/causes peptic ulcers?

A

Niacin

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17
Q

Pts on HTN meds stop taking them because:

A

they do not follow-up, lack of perceived benefits, side effects

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18
Q

Tolerance tends to build against ______ when used long-term and may result in _________.

A

Nitroglycerin; Rebound angina

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19
Q

Causes of Niacin?

A

Flushing, burning, itching of skin (vasodilation), Inhibition of intracellular hormone-sensitive lipase, enhanced extracellular LPL, hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, increased HDL, lowered VLDL, LDL, IDL

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20
Q

Indapamide uses

A

Thiazide diuretic; increased lipid solubility; DOES NOT increase plasma LDL, cholesterol, and TGs and can be used when GFR < 30-40 and in pts w/ hyperlipidemia

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21
Q

ACE inhibitors decrease

A

preload and afterload

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22
Q

Which hyperlipidemia drug has the least systemic effects?

A

Bile-acid resins (cholestyramine)

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23
Q

For better control of HTN and prevention of arrhythmia use?

A

ACE inhibitor + CCB

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24
Q

Simvastatin causes

A

inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, liver toxicity, reduced LDL and increased HDL, prodrug when orally administered

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25
Q

Which drug is best at lowering LDL, VLDL, and increasing HDL

A

Niacin

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26
Q

Nitrates should be given with ___________ to prevent reflexive events

A

Give w/ beta-blockers

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27
Q

Which drugs are known to cause first-dose postural hypotension?

A

Alpha-1-Blockers (prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin)

28
Q

Sudden w/d of a beta-blocker may result in?

A

Rebound HTN and Angina (even MI)

29
Q

Beta-blockers are dangerous in diabetics bc they mask

A

hypoglycemic tachycardia

30
Q

Nitro adverse effects

A

Orthostatic Hypotension;
HA from meningeal vasodilation;
Reflexive increase in HR and contractility;
Systemic Na and H2O retention

31
Q

Which drug is available as a transdermal patch for anti-anginal effects?

A

Nitro

32
Q

Which diuretics prevent kidney stones and treats osteoporosis?

A

Thiazide

33
Q

Which diuretic helps treat hypercalcemia?

A

Loop Diuretics (furosemide, ethacrynic acid)

34
Q

K-Sparing Diuretics include

A

Triamterene, Amiloride, Spironolactone, Eplerenone, Drospirenone

35
Q

Major side effect of ethacrynic acid?

A

ototoxicity

36
Q

Which classes of drugs cause K-wasting and aggravate Gout?

A

Thiazides and Loop Diuretics

37
Q

Severe hyperkalemia may result from which drug combination?

A

K-Sparing diuretics and RAAS inhibitors

38
Q

Prevents Ca entry into smooth muscle cells causing vaso relaxation

A

Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Felodipine

39
Q

Bets combination to lower LDL and HTN

A

Nifedipine and Lovastatin

40
Q

Drugs that won’t effect exercise ability, but lowers HTN? same but causes non-productive cough

A

Losartan (ARBs), Captopril (ACE inhibitors)

41
Q

Which K-sparing diuretic is more specific to not cause anti-androgenic effects

A

eplerenone

42
Q

Which drugs cause reflexive tachycardia, ankle edema, etc?

A

CCB (nifedipine, Felodipine, Amlodipine)

43
Q

Non-specific beta-blocker with ISA?

A

Pindolol

44
Q

Specific beta-blocker with ISA?

A

Acebutolol

45
Q

Difference b/w ACE inhibitors and ARBs

A

ACE inhibitors have high bardykinin

46
Q

Drug w/ Alpha and beta-adrenergic blocking ability

A

Labetolol

47
Q

Which drugs may cause some auto-immune side effects?

A

Methyldopa

48
Q

Which HTN drugs are available as transdermal patches?

A

Nitro, Clonidine

49
Q

HTN in combination w/ CHF could be treated with?

A

ACE inhibitors

50
Q

Drug w/ balanced route of excretion (shifts to liver if renal impairment)?

A

Fosinopril

51
Q

If beta-blocker, thiazide, and vasodilators fail to control BP…?

A

Switch to loop diuretics

52
Q

Diabetic pts should use _____ to treat HTN?

A

CCB

53
Q

Non-productive cough w/

A

ACE inhibitors

54
Q

Which ACE inhibitor used to treat HTN must first be converted in the liver to active metabolite?

A

Enalopril

55
Q

Which drug can still be used to treat edema when GFR is < 30-40

A

Indapamine (loop diuretic)

56
Q

Loop diuretics MOA

A

inhibition of Na/K/Cl symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle

57
Q

Thiazide has limited ability to ____________ and may cause

A

drop BP (~10mmHg) and causes metabolic side effects

58
Q

Which classes of drugs cause metabolic side effects

A

Thiazides, Loop diuretics, beta-blockers

59
Q

Major side effect of amiloride?

A

Hyperkalemia

60
Q

Sudden w/d of _________ may cause reflexive HTN and Angina?

A

beta-blockers and neuronal blockers

61
Q

Best drug to treat both CHF and HTN?

A

ACE inhibitors

62
Q

Drugs for exercise-induced angina?

A

Beta-blockers

63
Q

Niacin side effects

A

metabolic effects

64
Q

Drug contraindicated for bilateral renovascular disease?

A

ACE inhibitors

65
Q

Drugs used to treat diabetic nephropathy?

A

ACE inhibitors

66
Q

Which diuretic is NOT a sulfonamide derivative

A

Ethacrynic acid

67
Q

Ascending loop of hence accounts for ~ ____ % of filtered Na

A

25%

Pharm Exam 6 (1 decks)

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