DRUGS! Flashcards
What decreases HR, BP and contractility. Binds to Beta 1 receptors of the heart and block SYMPATHETIC innervation.
Beta Blockers
What are 3 main side effects of Beta Blokcers?
- Bradycardia
- Fatigue
- Diabetics on BB, BB mask hypoglycemia episodes. Also can’t properly mointory HR and need to assess with BORG. Become cold and clammy
Myocardial Injury is potentially reversible for the first 30 minutes after onset, in which this drug is typically adminsitered. Given mostly for acute conditions such as MI/DVT/PE/Ischemic Stroke.
Thromblytics/Anticoagulants (TPA), Heparin, warfarin, coumadin
What is the major side effect for thrombs and anticoagulants and what should the PT assess?
Increased risk of bleeding/Hemmorahge
Need to assess patients risk for falls if on thrombos. Note that for anti-coagulants coumadin patient is at risk for brain bleeds! now replacing with oral meds.
Patient placed on this drug usually has HTN or CHF. Results in Vasodilation.Slows progression of left ventricular dysfuncton
ACE INHIBITORS
What are list 2 main side effects of ACE Inhibitors?
- OH/Dizziness
2. Dry Cough (why they are trying to switch to ARBs because ARBs don’t have the dry cough SE)
Name 3 SE of Nitrates (vasodilator)?
- can’t take with Viagra
- Very painful headaches and dizziness
- OH, Falls risk and fainting
This drug typically causes myopathies. physical therapists need to watch for muscle pain and cramping at night/overnight and make sure the patient stays hydrated. Legs may also hurt at rest. Which drug causes most o these SE?
Lipid lowering Drugs
Indications for Lipid lowering drugs like statins
to reduce blood lipids, statins usually lower LDLs, but don’t increase HDLs.
This drug is usually treats HF and Tachyarrthymias. Works at the AV node. Increases myocardial contraction and is therefore categorized as a positive inototrope which can increase cardiac output. name the drug.
Cardiac glycosides (digitalis)
What happens if a patient has kidney dysfunction and they are on cardiac glycosides such as digitalis. What should the PT be aware of?
If kidney’s aren’t working properly the drug will build up in the blood and become toxic to the patient. Need to look at sings of toxicity, arrhythmias, feeling sick and fatgiued.
What drug is used to manage HTN, Angina, Vasospasm and decreases SUPRAVENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIAS
Ca channel blockers
Name the main side effect of Ca channel blockers?
ca channel blockers cause vasodilation and therefore patient should be aware of OH (normal postural changes BP will drop because blood is rushed towards the feet when patient WBs)
This drug decreases fluid volume in the body/blood. Increases secretion of H2O and electrolytes. Managment for HF, HTN and Edema.
Diuretics.
What are the main SE for diuretics?
Dehydration
Decreased BV
Decreaseed BP, in which patient can beocme dizzy, weak and lethargic
Why would a patient be placed on postassium sparing diruetic?
Potassium sparing diuretics have weak anti-hypertensive properties and are usually taken because patient has some kind of kidney impairment (hypokaleima)-low K levels. A large drop in potassium level may slow your heartbeat. This can cause you to feel lightheaded or faint. A very low potassium level can even cause your heart to stop.
What is usually administered for patient’s with decomensated HF and increases contractility of the hear (positive Iontotrope)
IV dobutamine, make sure to monitor patients HR and Bp
Cyclosporine (anitproliferative) and Azathioprine (antimetabolites) are 2 classes of immunosuppressants name 4 main side effects and what percautions should you take.
- INFECTION (main one)
- M. pains/weakness
- Long term HTN
- Kidney problems
- High risk for infection so be cautious and look for signs of infection: Fever, naseua, vomitting, dizziness and monitor BP
Why would Bactrim an antibiotic be given to a patient who has just received transplant surgery?
prevents pneumonia secondary to immunosuppression.
Predisone a corticosteriod (anti-inflammatroy injury) can can sever side effects name the 3 main side effects? Why would this drug normally be given.
- Proximal Muscle weakness
- Steroid induced Diabetes
- Osteoporsis
- for patients that have just recieved transplant surgery
What are the 3 categories of Immunosupressants adminstered for patients that have just received transplant surgery?
- Antimetablites
- Antiproliferatives
- Steriods
Name an antiarrhytmic for atrial fibrillation and what is the man side effect?
AMIODORONE-used to treat ventrcular arrhythmias that are seriousor life threatening. When the heart muscle is overactive this drug relaxes it.
main side effect is pulmonary toxicitiy(ards)->if used for extended period of time.
Lantus (long acting insulin), NPH (short acting insulin) both used to control glucose in diabetics what are 3 major side effects and how would this affect your treatment.
- Hypoglycemia
- Shakiness
- Sympathetic effects
This could affect your PT assessment and treatment because you would not want to exercise this patient if they had very low blood sugar due to the drug. Hypoglycemia can send a patient into shock. Be careful with diabetics who are on Beta Blockers
Name the triple cocktail for HF?
- Diuretics
- Beta Blockers/Glycosides
- Ace Inhibitors
Name the 3 anti-angina medications?
- Beta blockers-allows more time for ventricular filling.
- Nitrates
- Ca Channel Blockers
Pulmonary Meds:
Bronchodilators and Steriods.
- Adrenergic Medications (sympathomimetics)
-Medications that stimulate the adrenergic receptors (mimic sympathetic response)
Medications that stimulate the adrenergic receptors are referred to as sympathomimetics (ADRENERGIC)
-NE released at post synaptic neuron
Cholingerics (parasympathomimetics)
Medications that stimulate cholinergic receptors are referred to as parasympathomimetics (Cholinergic)
-Acetylcholine released at Post synaptic neuron
Anticholinergics (Spriva)
Medications that inhibit cholinergic receptors are called parasympatholytics (Anti-cholinergic)
Block parasympathetic prevents and increase in cGMP and causes and increase in cAMP.
Beta 2 agnosits (bronchodilators, can have long-acting and short-acting)
-Affect only lungs, not peripheral vasculature or cardiac receptors.
Relax smooth muscle by increasing cAMP levels.
SE: Tremor, palpitations, arrhytmias, Dizziness, nervousness can cause inototropic or chronotropic effects on the heart increasing HR and contractility. Increases myocardial workload.
Non-selective beta agonists
Can affect beta 1 receptors and beta 2 receptors so the heart and lungs.
Propofol
Sedation drug. with increased age the does to achieve the desired effect decreases. Don’t not mobilize patients that are sedated.
Sympathetic Response causes
Bronchodilation
Parasympathetic Response causes
Bronchoconstriction
Pirfenidone is used for what condition
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pulmonary HTN most commonly treated with what type of Med
Vasodilators
