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drugs Flashcards

1
Q

best meds to use for difficulty falling asleep?

A

non benzo, ambien, lunesta, sontana

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2
Q

ambien

A

zolpidem, rapid onset, used for insomnia

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3
Q

lunesta

A

eszopicione, rapid onset, CI with ETOH, CNS depressant or hx of substance abuse

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4
Q

sontana

A

zaleplon, rapid onset and short half life

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5
Q

best class of drugs for sleep maintenance through out the night?

A

benzos: restoril and prosom

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6
Q

restoril

A

temazepam, is a benzo used as a long acting sleep aid. CI: sleep apnea, acute glaucoma, substance abuse

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7
Q

prosom

A

estazolam: is a benzo used for long acting sleep aid. CI: sleep apnea, acute glaucoma, substance abuse

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8
Q

best chronic insomnia drug class

A

tricyclic antidepressant: amitripyline, nortripyline, and trazodone

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9
Q

amitripyline

A

Elavil, antidepressant, used as a sleep aid and for pain

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10
Q

nortripyline

A

tricyclic antidepressant, used as a sleep aid and for pain issues

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11
Q

trazodone

A

desyrell, tricyclic antidepressant, used as a sleep aid

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12
Q

melatonin agonist ramelteon

A

rozerem. CI: hepatic impairment, Intractions: antifungals, TB drug rifampin and ETOH

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13
Q

narcolepsy medication

A

provigil, ritalin, nuvigil

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14
Q

Provigil

A

Modafinil: used for narcolepsy

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15
Q

Ritalin

A

methyphenidate: Amphetamine used for narcolepsy

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16
Q

Nuvigil

A

Armodafinil: used for narcolepsy

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17
Q

Alzeheimer medications

A

cholinesterase inhibitor, antidepressant, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, NMDA and selegiline

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18
Q

name 3 cholinesterase inhibitors

A

aricept, exelon, reminyl

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19
Q

aricept

A

donepezil: cholinesterase inhibitor used in all stages of AD

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20
Q

exelon

A

rivastigmine:cholinesterase inhibitor used in mild to moderate stages of AD

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21
Q

reminyl

A

galantine: cholinesterase inhibitor used in mild to moderate stages of AD. CI hepatic impairment

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22
Q

common side effects for cholinesterase inhibitor

A

GI issues

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23
Q

NMDA

A

Namenda: glutamate occupies receptors allowing ca+ to enter the cell causing neuronal death. These meds help regulate the level of glutamate and curb progression of AD

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24
Q

Selegiline

A

Eldpryl: mainly used his a parkinson’s drug. It prevents the breakdown of dopamine. used in younger pt and has neuronal preservation characteristics. Many side effects and sometimes used in AD

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25
antidepressants used in AD
praxil, celebrex,zoloft
26
antipsychotics
abilify, zyprexa,seroquel, risperdal, geodon,
27
choice antipchotic drug for delirium?
haloperidol(associated with torsade de points and sudden death, risperidone
28
medication for status epilepticus?
ABC, start IV of thiamine and then glucose, MIDAZOLAM 2.5mg (benzo) if not available, the second choice is Diazepam 10mg, if not effective use Phenobarbital 18-20mg
29
keppra
Levetriacetam (anticonvulsant for generalized or focal seizure and addition med for tonic clonic. decreases abnormal excitement in the brain, start low and go slow. Gradually increase every 2 weeks, do not abruptly stop taking medication
30
Keppra SE
depression, hallucinating, thoughts of self harm, sore throat, rash, double vision, ataxia, and HA
31
Topirmate
Topamax: anti epileptic. Start low and go slow
32
Topimate/Toprmax SE
tiredness, dizziness, nausea, weight loss, confusion, and change in vision
33
first, second line tx for seizures (older drugs)
dilantin (phenytoin) and tegretol (carbamazapine)
34
Huntington's tx options
Tetrabenazine, antipsychotics (deplete cerebral dopamine), anticonvulsants, antidepressants
35
Huntington's anticonvulsants
clonazepam (klonopin or valproic acid (dapakote)
36
Huntington's antipyschotic
Resperidone(Resperdal), Olanzapine(zyprexa)
37
how does the antipyschotic drug Resperdal work?
blocks dopamine, which is necessary b/c GABA pathway is broken, so dopamine is left unchecked
38
Huntington's antidepressants?
zoloft, prozac, Nortriptyline (pamelor)
39
Treatment for Essential tremor?
beta blockers of anticonvulsants
40
Beta blockers for essential tremors
propranolol or atenolol (better it patient has bronchi spasm)
41
anticonvulsants for essential tremor
primidone, gabapentin (neurontin)
42
another name for restless leg syndrome
wittmaack-ekbom's syndrome
43
tx for RLS?
correct underlying problem, iron deficiency, bath, warm compress, exercise, avoid caffeine and use parkinson's medications, opiods, or gabapentin
44
meds for RLS?
mirapex, requip, sinemet (levadopa) and Lyrica
45
opioids for RLS?
codeine, oxycodone/acetaminophen(Percocet, Roxicet) Lortab, vicodin
46
coma meds
give 02, thiamin and glucose, narcan (reverses opioids)
47
drug of choice for simple and complex partial seizures
• Carbamazepine (Tegretol) – drug of choice
48
list of second choice drugs for simple and complex partial seizures
* Valproic Acid (Depakote, Valproate) * Phenytoin (Dilantin) * Gabapentin (Neurontin) – (adjunct) * Lamotrigine (Lamictal) (monotherapy) * Topiramate (Topramax) * Phenobarbitol * Levetiracetam (Keppra)
49
meds for tonic clonic •
``` Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Often used first line or used with Dilantin • Phenytoin (Dilantin) • Valproic Acid (Valproate, Depakote) • Lamotrigine (Lamictal) (add on) • Gabapentin (Neurontin) (adjunct) • Phenobarbital ```
50
MOA of tegretol
blocks NA+ channels, inhibits high frequency repetitive firing, decreases synaptic transmission, inhibits uptake and release of Norepi
51
when taking tegretol what do you monitor?
CBC, LFT's
52
warning for tegretol? | older sleep aid
toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
53
MOA of Phenytoin (Dilantin) | older sleep aid
Alters Na+, K+ and Ca2+ conductance, membrane potentials Alters concentrations of norepi, acetylcholine and GABA Blocks sustained high-frequency repetitive firing
54
SE of Dilantin
Gingival hypertrophy, hirsutism
55
What to monitor when taking Dilantin?
CBC, LFT’, Cardiovascular risk associated with rapid infusion
56
dosage for tegretol
800-1200mg QD, divided doses bid-qid Start at 200mg PO BID Therapeutic level = 4-12 mcg/nl
57
dosage for keppra
Dosage is based on medical condition, kidney function and response to treatment. 1000-3000 every ad-bid. Steady State achieved in about 2 days
58
drug of choice for Absence seizures
Ethosiximide (Zarontin)
59
Myoclonic (shock like muslce contraction) seizure
Gabapentin or Lamotrigine
60
what do you want to monitor during status epileptius?
EKG
61
when can patient stop seizure meds
2 years seizure free
62
MOA of topramax
* Blocks repetitive firing * Na+ channels * Inhibits GABA
63
Dosage of topramax?
200-600mg/d
64
what to Monitor for when taking topramax?
Monitor renal and liver status Narrow angle glaucoma Kidney Stones Weight loss
65
popping ambient, don't mix with?
CNS depressants eg benzodiazepines, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants, ETOH
66
best travel med?
melantoin

neuro drugs (1 decks)

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