Drugs Flashcards
Name class of diabetes drugs
Biguanides(metformin)
Sulfonylureas
Glitazones
Glucosidase inhibitors
Amylin analog
GLP-1 analogs
DPP-4 inhibitors
SGLT 2 inhibitors
Metformin drug mechanism of action
- Inhibit hepatic glucose production (glyconeogenesis)
2.Decreases glucagon level - Lower free fatty acid in serum
Side effects of Metformin
1.GIT upset
2. Metallic taste in mouth
3. Rarely cause lactic acidosis
Metformin should be avoided in?
Kidney disease
Heart failure
Liver disease
Type 1 diabetes is treated with?
Insulin
Types of Insulin drugs
- Rapid acting insulin
- Regular insulin
- NPH. ( neautral protamine hagedorn)
- Detemir
- Glargine
List the rapid acting insulin
Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine
Characteristics of Rapid Insulin
Modified human insulin
Rapid absorption
Subcutaneous administration
Fast acting ( 15mins onset)
Short duration (2-4 hrs)
Regular insulin Characteristics
Given IV
Used in hospitalized patient
Used in complications e.g DKA/ HHS
Used to treat hyperkalemia. (Insulin + glucose )
NPH characteristics
Regular insulin + neautral protamine
Slow absorption
Duration is 12 to 16 hrs
Glargine
Once daily
Duration is 11 to 24 hrs
Detemir
May cause less weight gain
Once or twice daily
Duration is 12 hrs
Sulfunylurea mechanism of action
Binds to sulfunylurea receptors in the pancreas
Close potassium gate channel
Depolarization
Calcium influx
Release of insulin is increased
List first generation drugs of sulfunylurea
Tolbutamide
Chlorpropamide
Tolazamide
Chlorpropamide causes what in alcoholic patients?
Flushing
Also causes hyponatremia in some patient.
