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Y5 OSCE > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Warfarin
how works

A

Thins the blood to prevent blood clots by blocking vitamin K which is used by the body to make clots

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2
Q

Warfarin
contra

A

Pregnancy
Bleeding
Sig risk of bleeding

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3
Q

Warfarin
how taken

A

OD each evening

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4
Q

Warfarin
monitoring

A

INR days 3,4,5 then regularly in clinic

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5
Q

Warfarin
SE

A

Bleeding
Nausea and diarrhoea
Interactions with drugs - avoid cranberry juice, liver, spinach

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6
Q

DOAC
contra

A

Sig renal impairment
Sig bleeding risk
Active bleeding

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7
Q

DOAC
how works

A

Thins blood to prevent blots by blocking one of the proteins used to form clots

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8
Q

DOAC
how to take

A

Once or twice daily with full glass of water

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9
Q

DOAC
monitoring

A

None regularly
Renal function before and annually

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10
Q

DOAC
se

A

Bleeding
GI disturbance

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11
Q

Levothyroxine
contra

A

None

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12
Q

Levothyroxine
how works

A

Synthetic version of hormone produced by thyroid gland

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13
Q

Levothyroxine
how taken

A

OD before breakfastL

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14
Q

Levothyroxine
monitoring

A

TSH every 3 months until stable
When stable annually

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15
Q

Levothyroxine
SE

A

Hyperthyroid symptoms (vomiting; diarrhoea; headache; palpitations; heat intolerance) if too high

Hypothyroid symptoms (cold intolerance, constipation) if too low

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16
Q

Statin
contra

A

Pregnancy

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17
Q

Statin
how works

A

Stops liver from making cholesterol, high cholesterol causing problems in arteries which increases risk of heart disease and stroke

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18
Q

Statin
how take

A

OD in evening

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19
Q

Statin
monitoring

A

Review in 4 weeks then every 6-12 months
LFTs before starting, at 3 months and 12 months

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20
Q

Statin
se

A

Muscle pain
Itching
Diarrhoea and vomiting

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21
Q

Metformin
contra

A

Sig renal impairment
Low BMI

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22
Q

Metformin
how works

A

Increases response to insulin so cells can move glucose from blood

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23
Q

Metformin
how take

A

Daily tablet taken with meals

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24
Q

Metformin
monitoring

A

U&Es before starting then annually
HbA1c every 3-6 months until stable then 6 monthly check ups

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25
Q

Metformin
se

A

Nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, weight loss
Lactic acidosis - do not take day of and 2 days after general anaesthesia

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26
Q

Iron tablets
contra

A

None

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27
Q

Iron tablets
how works

A

Replaces bodies iron store, which is needed to make red blood cells

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28
Q

Iron tablets
how take

A

1 to 3 times daily tablet, works best taken without food

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29
Q

Iron tablets
monitoring

A

Hb in 4 weeks to assess response

30
Q

Iron tablets
se

A

GI irritation (nausea, sickness, diarrhoea/constipation)
Black/green stools
Metallic taste

31
Q

SSRI
contra

A

Suicidal risk
Mania

32
Q

SSSR
how works

A

Alter balance of some chemicals in the brain, increases serotonin which is to in part cause depression when low

33
Q

SSRI
how take

A

OD tablet
Can be gradually stopped 6 months after starting

34
Q

SSRI
monitoring

35
Q

SSRI
se

A

GI (diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting)
Appetite and weight changes
Drowsiness
Anxiety for 2 weeks
Sexual dysfunction

36
Q

Methotrexate
contra

A

Pregnancy
Breast feeding
Hepatic impairment
Active infection
Immunodeficient

37
Q

Methotrexate
how works

A

Disease modifying drug which reduces inflammation and suppresses immune system

38
Q

Methotrexate
how take

A

Once weekly tablet with folic acid tablet on another day

39
Q

Methotrexate
monitoring

A

Bloods before starting (FBC, LFT, U&E)
Then every 2 weeks until stable
Then every 2-3 months
Should be given monitoring book

40
Q

Methotrexate
se

A

Gi disturbance (do not take with NSAID)
Headache
Myelosuppresion (infections, bleeding)
Liver and lung toxicity

41
Q

Lithium
contra

A

1st trimester pregnancy
Breast feeding
Arrhythmia or cardiac insufficiency
Sig renal impairmeent
Addisons disease
Untreated hypothyroidism

42
Q

Lithium
how works

A

Mood stabiliser, unknown mechanism. Thought to interfere with chemical release and receptors in brain

43
Q

Lithium
how take

A

Once or twice daily tablet

44
Q

Lithium monitoring

A

Bloods and ECG before starting (FBC, U&E, TFT, BHCG)
Lithium level after 5 days, then every week until stable for 4 weeks, then every 3 months
Bloods every 6 months (TFT, U&E, calcium)

45
Q

Lithium
se

A

GI (abdominal pain, nausea)
Fine tremor
Water symptoms (thirst, polyuria, weight gain)
Renal toxicity
Tremor
Hypothyroidism

46
Q

Atypical antipsychotics
contra

A

Hepatic impairment
Phaeochromocytoma

47
Q

Atypical antipsychotics
How works

A

Schizophrenia thought to be caused by problems with dopamine receptors in brain. Drugs block receptors.

48
Q

Atypical antipsychotics
how take

A

Daily tablet or injections very 2-4 weeks

49
Q

Atypical antipsychotics
monitoring

A

Bloods, BP, weight, ECG before treatment, 3 months and 12 months then annually
Weights every 6 weeksA

50
Q

Atypical antipsychotics
se

A

Anti-dopaminergic (tardive dyskinesia, tremor, movement disorder)
Anti-cholinergic (constipation, dry mouth)
Anti-histaminergic (weight gain, dizziness, drowsiness)
Anti-adrenergic (hypotension)
Hyperprolactinaemia (sexual dysfunction, menstrual disturbance)
Prolonged QT
Agranulocytosis (clozapine)

51
Q

Levodopa
contra

52
Q

Levodopa
how works

A

Replacement for dopamine in brain, reduces symptoms particularly with movement

53
Q

Levodopa
how take

A

3-4 times daily tablet with food
Fast acting

54
Q

Levodopa
monitoring

55
Q

Levodopa
se

A

GI (nausea and vomiting)
Impulsive behaviour
Psychosis

56
Q

Insulin
contra

57
Q

Insulin
how works

A

Allows the cells of body to take up glucose from blood to use as energy

58
Q

Insulin
how take

A

Depends on type, usually injected around lower abdomen or upper outer butt or thigh pen at 90 deg

59
Q

Insulin
monitoring

A

Capillary glucose every day before each meal and before bed

60
Q

Insulin
se

A

Sharp injuries
Weight gain
Hypoglycaemia
Lipodystrophy at sites

61
Q

Bisphosphonates
contra

A

Pregnancy
Sig renal impairment
Oesophagus abnormalities
Recent peptic ulcer

62
Q

Bisphosphonates
how works

A

Prevents bone from being broken down and helps build new bone

63
Q

Bisphosphonates
how take

A

Once daily or once weekly tablet
Needs to be taken with full glass water at least 30 mins before food
Need be upright for 30 minutes after swollowing

64
Q

Bisphosphonates
monitoring

A

Regular dental checks (osteonecrosis jaw)

65
Q

Bisphosphonates
se

A

GI (diarrhoea, constipation, abdominal pain)
Heartburn
Headache

URGENT - osteonecrosis of jaw, dysphagia, GI bleed)

66
Q

Hydrocortisone
contra

A

Live virus vaccube

67
Q

Hydrocortisone
how works

A

Replaces bodies natural steroids
Inhibits bodies immune system to reduce inflammation

68
Q

Hydrocortisone
how take

A

Oral, IM, IV

69
Q

Hydrocortisone
se

A

GI discomfort
Anxiety
Sleep disturbance
Low mood or psychosis
Increased risk infection
Hypertension
Peptic ulcer
Osteoporosis

70
Q

Hydrocortisone
monitoring

A

Baseline bloods, eye exam, weight, BP

Y5 OSCE (1 decks)

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