Drugs Flashcards
What is a drug?
Natural or synthetic substances used to produce psychological or psychological effects in humans/animals
What is a psychological dependence?
A conditioned use of a drug caused by underlying emotional needs
What is a physical dependence?
The need for a drug that is brought on by regular use
What are narcotics?
Analgesics; relives pain by depressing action on central nervous system by lowering blood pressure and heart rate (leads to physical dependence)
What are examples of narcotics?
Morphine, codeine, OxyContin, methadone, and opium
What are hallucinogens?
A substance that introduces changes through processes, perceptions, and moods (does not lead to physical dependence)
What are examples of hallucinogens?
Marijuana, THC, LSD, PCP, and MDMA (ecstasy)
What are depressants?
A substance used to depress the functions of the nervous system; calm irritability, anxiety, and may induce sleep
What are examples of depressants?
Alcohol and anti anxiety medication
What are examples of stimulants?
Cocaine, crack, amphetamine (Adderall), and meth
What are stimulants?
A substance taken to increase alertness or activity followed by fatigue
What is a club drug?
Synthetic drugs used in a club, bar, or rave
What are examples of club drugs?
MDMA, GHB, roofies, ketamine, and meth
What are anabolic steroids?
Synthetic compounds that are chemically related to the male sex hormone testosterone; prompts development of secondary male characteristics and accelerates male muscle growth
What is an analgesic?
A drug or substance that lessens or eliminates pain
What is the controlled substance act?
A US federal law that serves to illustrates a legal drug-classification system created to prevent and control drug use
What is the criteria the controlled substance act classify dangerous substances?
- drugs potential for abuse
- potential for physical/psychological dependence
- medical value
According to the controlled substance act, what is the legal difference between schedule’s l drug and ll drug
Schedule l has no medical use drug use while schedule ll has limited medical drug use
How are drugs collected and preserved for evidence?
Package must prevent loss of contents and cross-contamination, field investigator is responsible for ensuring evidence is properly packaged and labeled, and all packages must be marked with info to ensure identification by officer in future and establish chain of custody
What are the two analytical procedures that ensure the identification of a drug?
A screening test and confirmation test
What is a screening test?
Nonspecific and preliminary in nature to reduce the possibilities to a manageable number
What is a confirmation test?
A single test that specifically identifies a subject
What is a qualitative determination?
Determining the identity of material
What is quantitative determination?
Determining the amount of substances are present
What is a color test?
Characteristic colors for the more commonly encountered illicit drugs
What is a Marquis Test for?
To test heroin and amphetamines
What is a Dillie-Koppanyi Test for?
To test barbiturates
What is Duquenios-Levine Test for?
To test marijuana
What is a Vanurk Test for?
To test for LSD
What is a Scott Test for?
To test for cocaine
What is a Microcrystalline Test?
Studying the size and shape of crystals formed when the drug is mixed with specific reagants
What is a Confirmational Determination test?
A specific test to identify a drug substance to the exclusion of all other known chemical substances
What are the two most common confirmational determination tests?
Chromatography and spectrophotometer
What is chromatography?
Separating and tentatively identifying the components of a mixture
What is Thin Layer Chromatography?
Using a solid stationary phase and a mobile liquid phase to separate the components of a mixture
What is Gas Chromatography?
Separate mixtures based on their distribution between a stationary liquid phase and a moving gas phase
What is a Moving Phase?
Gas called the carrier gas which flows through a column
What is a Stationary Phase?
A thin film of liquid contained within the column
What is spectrophotometry?
An analytical method for identifying a substance by its selective absorption of different wavelengths of light
