Drugs Flashcards
What is the indication for ACE inhibitors?
- Hypertension (1.25-2.5mg daily)
- Symptomatic heart failure (1.25-10mg (divided in two doses) daily )
What are the common side affects for Ramipril?
- Gastrointestinal disorders
- Increased risk of infection
- Muscle spasms
What is a common side effect of lisinopril?
- Postural disorders
What are the contraindications of ACE inhibitors?
- Hereditary/ idiopathic angioedema
- History of angioedema associated with prior ACE inhibitor therapy
- Combination of an ACE inhibitor with aliskiren is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m^2 and in patients with diabetes mellitus
What is an ARB?
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
What is the indication for losartan (ARBs)?
- Diabetic nephtropathy (type 2)
- Chronic heart failure when ACE inhibitors are unsuitable/ contraindicated
- Hypertension
What are the side effects of Losartan?
- Anaemia
- Hypoglycaemia
- Postural disorders
What are the side effects of all ARBs?
- Abdominal pain
- Asthenia
- Back pain
- Cough
- Diarrhoea
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Hyperkalaemia
- Hypotension
- Nausea
- Postural disorders
- Renal impairment
- Vertigo
- Vomiting
What are the contraindications of ARBs?
Combination of ARBs with aliskiren is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m^2 and diabetes mellitus
What is a common side effect of bisoprolol?
Constipation
What is a common side effect of atenolol?
Gastrointestinal disorders
What are the contraindications of beta blockers?
- Asthma
- Cardiogenic shock
- Hypotension
- Marked bradycardia
- Metabolic acidosis
- Phaeochromocytoma
- Prinzetal’s angina
- Second degree and third degree AV block
- Uncontrolled heart failure
What are the contraindications of Bisoprolol?
- Acute or decompensated heart failure requiring IV inotropes
- Sino-atrial block
What is the drug action of calcium-channel blockers?
- Interfere with the inward displacement of calcium ions through the slow channels of active cell membranes
- They influence the myocardial cells, the cells within the specialised conducting system of the heart, and the cells of the vascular smooth muscle
- Thus, myocardial contractilité man he reduced, the formation and propagation of electrical impulses either the heart may be depressed, and coronary or systematic tone may be diminished
Name three beta blockers
- Atenolol
- Bisoprolol
- Propranolol
What is the indication of bisoprolol?
- Hypertension (not really used)
- Angina
- Adjunct in heart failure
What is the indication for atenolol?
- Hypertension (not really used)
- Angina
- Arrhythmias
- Migraine prophylaxis
- Early intervention (w/in 12hrs) of myocardial infarction
Name three dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
- Amlodipine
- Nifedipine
- Felodipine
What is the indication for amlodipine?
Angina and hypertension
What is the indication for nifedipine?
- Raynaud’s syndrome
- Angina prophylaxis
- Postponement of premature labour
- Hiccup in palliative care
- Chronic anal fissure
- Hypertension
What are the indications for felodipine?
Angina prophylaxis and hypertension
What are the common side effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?
- Abdominal pain
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Flushing
- Headache
- Nausea
- Palpitations
- Peripheral oedema
- Skin reactions
- Tachycardia
- Vomiting
What are the common side effects of amlodipine?
- Asthenia
- Constipation
- Diarrhoea
- Dyspepsia
- Dyspnoea
- Gastrointestinal disorders
- Joint disorders
- Muscle cramps
- Oedema
- Vision disorders
What are the common side effects of nifedipine?
- Constipation
- Oedema
- Malaise
- Vasodilatation
