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Stage 2 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the indication for ACE inhibitors?

A
  • Hypertension (1.25-2.5mg daily)
  • Symptomatic heart failure (1.25-10mg (divided in two doses) daily )
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2
Q

What are the common side affects for Ramipril?

A
  • Gastrointestinal disorders
  • Increased risk of infection
  • Muscle spasms
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3
Q

What is a common side effect of lisinopril?

A
  • Postural disorders
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4
Q

What are the contraindications of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • Hereditary/ idiopathic angioedema
  • History of angioedema associated with prior ACE inhibitor therapy
  • Combination of an ACE inhibitor with aliskiren is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m^2 and in patients with diabetes mellitus
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5
Q

What is an ARB?

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker

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6
Q

What is the indication for losartan (ARBs)?

A
  • Diabetic nephtropathy (type 2)
  • Chronic heart failure when ACE inhibitors are unsuitable/ contraindicated
  • Hypertension
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7
Q

What are the side effects of Losartan?

A
  • Anaemia
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Postural disorders
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8
Q

What are the side effects of all ARBs?

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Asthenia
  • Back pain
  • Cough
  • Diarrhoea
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Hypotension
  • Nausea
  • Postural disorders
  • Renal impairment
  • Vertigo
  • Vomiting
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9
Q

What are the contraindications of ARBs?

A

Combination of ARBs with aliskiren is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m^2 and diabetes mellitus

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10
Q

What is a common side effect of bisoprolol?

A

Constipation

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11
Q

What is a common side effect of atenolol?

A

Gastrointestinal disorders

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12
Q

What are the contraindications of beta blockers?

A
  • Asthma
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Hypotension
  • Marked bradycardia
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Phaeochromocytoma
  • Prinzetal’s angina
  • Second degree and third degree AV block
  • Uncontrolled heart failure
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13
Q

What are the contraindications of Bisoprolol?

A
  • Acute or decompensated heart failure requiring IV inotropes
  • Sino-atrial block
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14
Q

What is the drug action of calcium-channel blockers?

A
  • Interfere with the inward displacement of calcium ions through the slow channels of active cell membranes
  • They influence the myocardial cells, the cells within the specialised conducting system of the heart, and the cells of the vascular smooth muscle
  • Thus, myocardial contractilité man he reduced, the formation and propagation of electrical impulses either the heart may be depressed, and coronary or systematic tone may be diminished
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15
Q

Name three beta blockers

A
  • Atenolol
  • Bisoprolol
  • Propranolol
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16
Q

What is the indication of bisoprolol?

A
  • Hypertension (not really used)
  • Angina
  • Adjunct in heart failure
17
Q

What is the indication for atenolol?

A
  • Hypertension (not really used)
  • Angina
  • Arrhythmias
  • Migraine prophylaxis
  • Early intervention (w/in 12hrs) of myocardial infarction
18
Q

Name three dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

A
  • Amlodipine
  • Nifedipine
  • Felodipine
19
Q

What is the indication for amlodipine?

A

Angina and hypertension

20
Q

What is the indication for nifedipine?

A
  • Raynaud’s syndrome
  • Angina prophylaxis
  • Postponement of premature labour
  • Hiccup in palliative care
  • Chronic anal fissure
  • Hypertension
21
Q

What are the indications for felodipine?

A

Angina prophylaxis and hypertension

22
Q

What are the common side effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Dizziness
  • Drowsiness
  • Flushing
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Palpitations
  • Peripheral oedema
  • Skin reactions
  • Tachycardia
  • Vomiting
23
Q

What are the common side effects of amlodipine?

A
  • Asthenia
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhoea
  • Dyspepsia
  • Dyspnoea
  • Gastrointestinal disorders
  • Joint disorders
  • Muscle cramps
  • Oedema
  • Vision disorders
24
Q

What are the common side effects of nifedipine?

A
  • Constipation
  • Oedema
  • Malaise
  • Vasodilatation
25
Q

What are the common side effects of felodipine?

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Dizziness
  • Drowsiness
  • Flushing
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Palpitations
  • Peripheral oedema
  • Skin reactions
  • Tachycardia
  • Vomiting
26
Q

What are the contraindications of amlodipine?

A
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Significant aorta stenosis
  • Unstable angina
27
Q

What are the contraindications of nifedipine?

A
  • Acute attacks of angina
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Significant aorta stenosis
  • Unstable angina
  • Within one month of a cardinal infarction
28
Q

What are the contraindications for felodipine?

A
  • Cardiac outflow obstruction
  • Significant cardiac valvular obstruction (eg aortic stenosis)
  • Uncontrolled heart failure
  • Unstable angina
  • Within one month of myocardial infarction
29
Q

What are some counselling points for someone taking dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (e.g. amlodipine)?

A
  1. Can be taken with or without food
  2. Swelling of the ankles is a common side effect
  3. Do not consume grapefruit or grapefruit juice

Stage 2 (5 decks)

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