Drugs

Question 1

Epinephrine

Answer 1

Non-selective Beta agonist

Question 2

Isoproterenol

Answer 2

Non-selective Beta agonist
Lowers PR and reduces mean arterial pressure, but increase systolic BP
Increases fatty acid and glucose release
bronchodilator
decreases GI tone and motility

Question 3

Dopamine

Answer 3

Immediate precursor to NE and Epi
MAIN EFFECT: Increases blood flow to kidneys via dopaminergic receptors to manage shock where a strong sympathetic mediated vasoconstriction decreases blood flow to the kidneys
Also, has a positive ionotropic effect on the heart via Beta 1 receptors

Question 4

Dobutamine

Answer 4

Beta 1 agonist - stimulates cardiac myocytes as well as SA and AV node
Increase contractility of the heart to increase SV and CO in CHF - less O2 is needed for increased SV than increased HR

Question 5

Phenylephrine

Answer 5

Alpha 1 agonist (receptors located in the heart and vasculature)
Vasoconstriction to treat nasal and ocular decongestion, A-fib, and hypotension

Question 6

Methoxamine

Answer 6

Alpha 1 agonist similar to PE

Treats A-fib and hypotension

Question 7

Tetrahydrozoline

Answer 7

Alpha 1 agonist

Vasoconstriction to treat ocular allergies, redness, and decongestion

Question 8

Naphazoline

Answer 8

Alpha 1 agonist

Vasoconstriction to treat ocular allergies and decongestion

Question 9

Clonidine
Guanabenz
Guanfacine

Answer 9

Alpha 2 agonist (receptors located mostly pre-synaptically - Neg feedback of NE release)
Inhibit sympathetic outflow of NE from the brain
Decreases BP

Question 10

Apraclonidine

Answer 10

Alpha 2 agonist to treat glaucoma
Does not cross the BBB
Decreases the formation and outflow of aqueous humor, decreases IOP

Question 11

Brimonidine

Answer 11

Alpha 2 agonist to treat glaucoma
Lipophilic (able to cross BBB)
Decreases IOP and formation and outflow of aqueous humor

Question 12

Albuterol

Terbutaline (not available in the US)

Answer 12

Beta 2 agonist (receptors located in the lungs and vasculature)
Bronchodilator used to treat asthma, bronchospasms associated with bronchitis and emphysema

Question 13

Pirbuterol (MAXAIR)

Answer 13

Beta 2 agonist similar to albuterol

Question 14

Formoterol (Fordil)

Answer 14

Beta 2 agonist

Fast acting lasts over 12 hrs

Question 15

Arformoterol (Brovena)

Answer 15

Beta 2 agonist

Enantiomer of formoterol; lasts longer, 2x more potent

Question 16

Salmeterol (Serevent)

Answer 16

Beta 2 agonist

Prolonged duration of action 50x more selective for beta 2 than albuterol

Question 17

Prazosin

Answer 17

Alpha 1 blocker (antagonist)
Treatment for hypertension
Dilates aterioles and veins, decreases PVR, pre-load and after-load
Lipid lowering decrease in atherosclerosis benefits
Titrate up to reduce syncope and rapid pressure drop

Question 18

Alfuzosin

Answer 18

Alpha 1 antagonist

Approved ONLY for the treatment of BPH

Question 19

Tamsulosin

Answer 19

Alpha 1 antagonist
Approved only for BPH
Selective for alpha 1a and 1d (better selectivity for smooth muscle)

Question 20

Silodosin

Answer 20

Alpha 1 antagonist

Similar to tamsulosin

Question 21

Yohimbine

Answer 21

Alpha 2 antagonist - (antagonizes the effects of clonidine) is able to cross the BBB, acts similar to a beta 1 agonist - increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 22

Phenoxybenzamine

Phentolamine

Answer 22

Non selective Alpha 1 and 2 antagonists
Lower BP and increase NE release, HR and CO
Can precipitate cardiac arrhythmias
USed to treat pheochromocytoma following injection of alpha agonist
Phenoxybenzamine irreversibly blocks