Drugs Flashcards
Albuterol
Names(s):
Proventil
Ventolin
Class:
Sympathomimetic
bronchodilator
MOA:
Bronchodilation
decreases airway resistance
**Packaging; **
2.5 mg/ 3mL unit does (Sulfite free)
**Indications: **
Bronchospasm
Contraindications
Known Allery
Use caution in combination with other sympathomimetics due to potentiating effects
Adverse Reactions
CV: dysrthynias, tachycardia
CNS: tremors, nervousness, restlessness
Adult Dose
2.5mg in 3 mL unit does via SVN or in-line BVM
May repeat per medical direction
May be combined with ipratopium
Dextrose
Name(s):
D10 (10% solution)
D50 (50% solution)
Class
Carbohydrate
hyperglycemic
MOA
Increases blood glucose levels
short-term osmotic diuresis
Packaging
D10: 1 gran per 10 mL (ex: 25 grams/250mL)
D50: 1 gram per 2 mL (ex: 25 grams/50Ml prefilled syringe)
Indications
known hypoglycemia
Altered LOC or seizures of unknown etiology
Hyperkalemia (in combination with sodium bicarbonate and calcium choride)
**Contraindications **
Head injury
**Note: Do NOT withhold dextrose from a stroke or TBI patient with known hypoglycemia **
**Adverse Reactions **
Cerebal edema
Increased ICP
Tissue necrosis (if IV infiltrates)
Adult Dose
12.5-50 grams IV
Peds Dose
0.5-1 gram per kg of D10 solution over 20 min
To make/admin D10
- Remove 50 mL from 250 Ml IV bag and add 50 Ml of D50
- Adminter 5-10 mL per kg of D10
Diazepam
Name(s)
Valium
**Class **
Benzodiazepine
MOA
CNS depressant, anti-convulsant, sedation
**Packaging **
10 mg /2mL prefilled syringe (5mg per mL)
**Inications **
Grand mal (generalized) seizure
Transient sedation for medical procedures
Delirium tremens
status epilepticus
**Contraindications **
Known allergry
Angle closure glaucoma (relative)
Adverse Reactions
CV: bradycardia, hypotension
Resp: resp depression
CNS: confussion, coma
Other: burning at injection site, tissue narcrosis fron infiltration
Adult Dose
IV: 2mg increment slow IVP (do not exceed 2 mg per min)
Note: for 10 mg/ 2 mL packaging quickly calculate Ml by doubling dose and moving decimal one left (ex 2mg = 0.4ml // 6mg = 1.2 mL)
**Peds Does **
IV: 0.2-0.3 mg/kg over at least 3 minutes or until sezure subsides
Rectal: (<6years) 0.3-0.5 mg/kg (Slow)
Ipratropium Bromide
Name(s):
Atrovent
Class:
Anticholinergic, Bronchodilator
MOA:
Inhibits parasympathetic NS, preferential dilation of larger central awaiways
Packaging:
500 mcg/ 2.5 mL unit dose
Inidications
-Bronchospasm
-Can be used alone or combination with albuterol
Contrainidications
-Known allergy
-Allergy to atropine
-Caution in patients with angles closure glaucoma
Adverse Reactions:
-Resp: cough, increased sputum production
-CNS: dizziness, insomnia, tremors, nevousness
-GI: nausea
**Adult Dose: **
-500 mcg in 2.5mL unit dose via SVN or in-line BVM
-Can be mixed with albuterol
Lorazepam
Name(s)
Ativan
Class:
Benzodiazepine
MOA:
CNS depression, anti-convulsant
Packaging
-2mg/mL or
-4mg/mL
Inidcations
-Seizures, status epilepticus
-Agitated (excited) delirium
Contraindications
-Known allergy
-Acute angle closure glaucoma
-Myasthenia gravis
-Pregnancy (relative)
Adverse Reaction
-Confusion
-Sedation
-Amnesia
-Hypotension
-Respiratory depression
Adult Dose:
-Seizures: 2-5mg slow IV/IO (at least 2 min) Max 10 mg
-Note may be given deep IM is no IV/IO access
Peds Dose:
-Seizures 0.05-0.1 mg/kg slow IV/IO (at least 2 min) Max 4mg
-Note may be given deep IM if no IV/IO access
Intravenous dosage Normal Saline 0.9% for Adults hypovolemic shock, dehydration
1,000 mL IV bolus. Repeat dose and/or titrate as needed to target hemodynamic stability
Intravenous dosage Normal Saline 0.9% for Adults septic shock
A
20 mL/kg IV or more within the first 3 hours of resuscitation. If further fluid therapy is required, use small repeat boluses guided by stroke volume or cardiac output
Intravenous dosage Normal Saline 0.9% for Adults cardiogenic shock
250 mL IV bolus in patients without evidence of fluid overload. Repeat dose and/or titrate as needed to target hemodynamic
stability
Intravenous dosage Normal Saline 0.9% for Adults diabetic ketoacidosis
15 to 20 mL/kg (or 1,000 to 1,500 mL) IV during the first hour of
treatment, then 250 to 500 mL/hour continuous IV infusion
Lactated Ringers Solution Adults hypovolemic shock, dehydration
1,000 mL IV bolus. Repeat dose and/or titrate as needed
to target hemodynamic stability
Lactated Ringers Solution Adults septic shock
20 mL/kg IV or more within the first 3 hours of
resuscitation.
If further fluid therapy is required, use small repeat
boluses guided by stroke volume or cardiac output.
Lactated Ringers Solution Adults cardiogenic shock
250 mL IV bolus in patients without evidence of fluid
overload. Repeat dose and/or titrate as needed to target
hemodynamic stability.
Lactated Ringers Solution Adults diabetic ketoacidosis
15 to 20 mL/kg (or 1,000 to 1,500 mL) IV during the first
hour of treatment, then 250 to 500 mL/hour continuous IV
infusion
Anti-Emetics (nausea control)
Zofran (Ondansetron)
Name — Zofran®, Zofran ODT®, Zuplenz®
Class — Antiemetic, selective 5-HT3 antagonist
**Pharmacologic Action **— Mechanism not fully characterized; selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist; binds to 5-HT3 receptors both in periphery and in CNS, with primary effects in GI tract. Has no effect on dopamine receptors and therefore does not cause extrapyramidal symptoms
Indications — For the management of nausea or vomiting
Dose-4 mg, may repeat in 20 minutes
Supplied-4mg/2mL
Route-IV, IM, IO
Contraindications — Hypersensitivity, coadministration with apomorphine; combination reported to cause profound hypotension and loss of consciousness
Anti-Emetics (nausea control)
Phenergan (Promethazine)
Class - Anti-emetic
Mechanism of Action- Blocker of the emetic center in the brain, dopamine receptors and alpha-adrenergic receptors in the brain
Indication - Nasuea & Vomiting
Contraindications- Hypersensitivity, respiratory depressions
Red Flags/Warning- servere tissue injury can occur from perivascular extravasation, unitentional intra-arterial injection, and intranueronal or perineuronal infiltration
Dose - 12.5mg to 25 mg
Route - IV, IM, IO
Supplied- 25mg / 1mL
