Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHARM 203 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Prazosin

A

Antagonist of A1-adrenoreceptors on smooth muscle cells that prevent noradrenaline from binding so keeps vessels dilated

For hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nifedapine

A

Targets L-type voltage gated Ca channels and prevents Ca from entering smooth muscle cells. This prevents contraction of SMC and keeps vessels dilated

For Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Captopril

A

Prevents conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin 1 via binding angiotensin converting enzyme. Keeps vessels dilated.

For Hypertension
ACE competitive inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bendroflume-thiazide

A

Prevents reabsorption of Na and Cl and water; diuretic; decreases blood volume which decreases blood pressure

Acts on transporters

For hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Acts on nuclear receptors as a synthetic corticoid that increases transcription of a protein which leads to inhibition of a transcription factor element important in inflammation
Used in Covid 19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lidocaine, Vermapril and Amiodarone are all classified as

A

Antidysrhythmic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lidocaine

A

Slows entry of Na through voltage gated ion channels which slows depolarization and hence AP; slows heart rate as a result

Antidysrthythmic
Na channel blocker (voltage gated ion channel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Amiodarone

A

Blocks K voltage gated channels and inhibits repolarization/slows it and slows the heart

K channel blocker (voltage gated ion channel)
Antidysrythmic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Verapamil

A

Ca channel blockade of voltage gated channels

Ca channel Blocker (voltage gated ion channel)
Antidysrythmic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5-fluorouracil

A

False substrate for replication enzyme

replaces uracil as intermediate in DNA synthesis and inhibits replication

Used for cancer cell replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ASA

A

AKA aspirin

irreversibly and non-competitively binds COX1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet

Requires enzyme degradation to covert prodrug into its active form

req hepatic conversion to make active metabolite that binds to and blocks P2Y12 (platelet coagulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Floxicane

A

enzymatic conversion to reactive metabolite can create drug toxicity

in reactive form, causes agranulocytosis and decreased neutrophil counts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nicotine

A

nAchR agonist

Increase HR
Increase BP
GI motility (variable)
Increase bronchial, salivary, and sweat gland secretion
CNS stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Varenicline

A

tx of nicotine addiction; partial agonist of A4 w/i CNS, stimulating dopamine release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hexamethonium

A

NAchR antagonist

Mainly block of sympathetic ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Effects of Ach and NAchR

A

Increase HR
Increase BP
GI motility (variable)
Increase bronchial, salivary, and sweat gland secretion
CNS stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ach and MAchR
Agonist effects

A

Agonist

Decreases HR and CO
Decreases BP (NO-dependent)
Visceral smooth muscle contraction
Increased bronchial, salivary, and sweat gland secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pilocarpine

A

MAchR Agonist
tx:
glaucoma (bind M3 and reduce intraocular pressure)
Sjogren’s syndrome (M3 agonist; increase lacrimal and salivary secretions to help with dry eyes and mouth)

General effects:
Decreases HR and CO
Decreases BP (NO-dependent)
Visceral smooth muscle contraction
Increased bronchial, salivary, and sweat gland secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Celvimeline

A

MAchR Agonist
tx: Sjogren’s syndrome (M3 agonist; increase lacrimal and salivary secretions to help with dry eyes and mouth)

Decreases HR and CO
Decreases BP (NO-dependent)
Visceral smooth muscle contraction
Increased bronchial, salivary, and sweat gland secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Atropine

A

MAchR antagonist
tx: sinus bradycardia (block M2 to increase HB)

Increase HR (bradycardia)
Inhibit salivary, lacrimal, bronchial, and sweat gland secretion
Decrease GI motility
Relax bronchial, urinary, and biliary tract smooth muscle
CNS - variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hyoscine

A

MAchR antagonist
tx: relax GI smooth muscle for endoscopy, antiemetic (CNS Effect)

Increase HR (bradycardia)
Inhibit salivary, lacrimal, bronchial, and sweat gland secretion
Decrease GI motility
Relax bronchial, urinary, and biliary tract smooth muscle
CNS - variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tropicamide

A

MAchR antagonist
Tx: Dilate pupil

Increase HR (bradycardia)
Inhibit salivary, lacrimal, bronchial, and sweat gland secretion
Decrease GI motility
Relax bronchial, urinary, and biliary tract smooth muscle
CNS - variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ipratropium

A

MAchR antagonist
tx: asthma, COPD (relaxes bronchial SM)

Increase HR (bradycardia)
Inhibit salivary, lacrimal, bronchial, and sweat gland secretion
Decrease GI motility
Relax bronchial, urinary, and biliary tract smooth muscle
CNS - variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Benzotropine
MAchR antagonist tx: Parkinsons disease involuntary movements Increase HR (bradycardia) Inhibit salivary, lacrimal, bronchial, and sweat gland secretion Decrease GI motility Relax bronchial, urinary, and biliary tract smooth muscle CNS - variable
26
Botox (Botulinum toxin)
Inhibits Ach release presynaptically Prevents spasticity, urinary incontinence and forehead wrinkles
27
Adrenaline
a/B agonist Uses: Hypotension (intensive care) Anaphylactic shock cardiac arrect Asthma (emergency treatment) Unwanted side effects Hypertension/vasoconstriction Tachycardia (or reflex bradycardia) Ventricular dysrhythmia
28
noradrenaline
a/B agonist Use: Hypotension Unwanted side effects Hypertension/vasoconstriction Tachycardia (or reflex bradycardia) Ventricular dysrhythmia
29
Phenylephrine
A1 agonist Use: nasal decongestant Unwanted effects: Hypertension Reflex bradycardia
30
Salbutamol and Salmeterol
B2 agonist Use: Asthma Delay premature labor Unwanted effects Tachycardia Dysrhythmia Tremor Peripheral vasodilation
31
Mirabegron
B3 agonist Use: Overactive bladder Unwanted effects: Tachycardia
32
Neostigmine
Anticholinesterase drug Enhances Ach activity at parasympathetic post ganglionic synapse Increase gland secretion Bradycardia Hypotension
33
Physostigmine
Anticholinesterase Increase Ach activity at parasympathetic postganglionic synapse Increase gland secretion Bradycardia Hypotension
34
Epoprostanol
Pulmonary hypertension
35
Cimetidine
H2 Antagonist tx: stomach ulcers
36
Diphenhydramine
aka Benadryl H1 Inverse agonist Antihistamine
37
Loratidine
aka Clathrin H1 Inverse agonist Antihistamine
38
Centrizine
aka Reactine H1 Inverse agonist Antihistamine
39
Sumatriptan
tx: acute migraines 5HT1 agonist
40
Other triptans (e.g., Almotriptan)
tx: acute migraines 5HT1 agonist
41
Pizotifen
tx: migraine prevention 5HT2 antagonist
42
Cyproheptidine
tx: migraine prevention 5HT2 antagonist
43
Cyproheptadine
tx: carcinoid syndrome 5HT2 antagonist
44
Prostacyclin
Antiplatelet (prevents aggregation) Vasodilator
45
Thromboxane
Promotes platelet aggregation vasoconstrictor
46
Latanoprost -prost
Used in eydrops to decrease intraocular pressure tx:glaucoma
47
Alprostadil -prosta
tx: Critical ischemia Vasodilates to prevent extremities loosing circulation
48
Misoprostol -prostol
tx: ulcers (prolonged use of NSAIDS can cause gastric ulcers) Bc inhibits gastric secretion and increases mucus secretion
49
Gemeprost/misoprostol -prostol/-prost
tx: induce labour via stimulating uterine contractions
50
carboprost -prost
tx: used postpartum to contract uterus and decrease bleeding
51
Zafirlukast -lukast
CysLT antagonist tx: asthma
52
Montelukast -lukast
CysLT antagonist tx: asthma
53
Nabiximol
CB agonist tx: pain THC and CBD combo
54
Nabilone
CB agonist tx: nausea and vomiting associated w/ chemotherapy synthetic cannabinoid
55
Phenoxybenzamine
Non-selective A-antagonist tx: Phaeochromatoma (adrenal tumour; produces extra adrenaline) dilates vessels to decrease BP (cause postural hypotension), nasal congestion, tachycardia(reflex), impotence
56
Doxazocin
A1-antagonist tx: hypertension side effects: postural hypotension, impotence, tachycardia (reflex), nasal congestion
57
Propranolol
Non-selective B antagonist Tx: cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertension, angina, anxiety, tremor, glaucoma Side effects: bronchoconstriction, cardiac failure/depression, cold extremities, fatigue and depression, hypoglycaemia
58
Alprenolol
Partial agonist Tx: cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertension, angina, anxiety, tremor, glaucoma Side effects: bronchoconstriction, cardiac failure/depression, cold extremities, fatigue and depression, hypoglycaemia
59
Metoprolol
B1 antagonist Tx: cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertension, angina, heart failure Side effects: cardiac failure/depression Cold extremities Fatigue and depression Hypoglycemia Bronchoconstriction (less risk than propanolol)
60
Nebivolol
B1 antagonist and increases NO Tx: hypertension Side effects: fatigue, headache
61
Labetalol
A/B antagonist Tx: hypertension in pregnancy Side effect: postural hypotension, bronchoconstriction
62
Carvedliol
B/a1 antagonist Tx: heart failure Side effects: as other betablockers
63
Propanolol
Non-selective B-antagonist tx: cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertension, angina, anxiety, tremor, glaucoma Side effects: bronchoconstriction
64
a-methyltyrosine
Prevent NA synthesis tx: phaeochromocytoma Inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase and hence NA/A synthesis Unwanted effects: hypotension, sedation
65
Methyldopa
Prevent NA synthesis tx: Hypertension in pregnancy Unwanted effects: Hypotension, drowsiness, diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions Methylated so cannot be broken down by MAO. Accumulates and displaces NA in synaptic vesicles (less active than NA on a1 receptors)
66
L-DOPS dihydroxyphenylserine
tx: neurogenic orthostatic hyptoension unwanted effects: headache, hypertension, nausea Prodrug. Converted to NA by dopa decarboxylase
67
Amphetamine
Release NA (indirect sympathomimetric) Use: CNS stimulant, narcolepsy, Reduce hyperactivity in children, suppress appetite, drug of abuse Stimulates NA release and inhibits NA reputake Unwanted effects: hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, acute psychosis with overdose and dependence
68
Ephedrine
Release NA (indirect sympathomimetric) Stimulates NA release and is a B agonist Use: Nasal decongestion, CNS stimulant Unwanted effects:Unwanted effects: hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, acute psychosis with overdose and dependence (less pronounced than amphedimine)
69
Imipramine
Blocks NA reputake tx: depression inhibits reputake by blocking NET. Also has anticholinergic effects Unwanted effects: Tachycardia, dry mouth, constipation, postural hypotension
70
Cocaine
Blocks NA reputake Use: CNS stimulant, drug of abuse, local anesthetic inhibits NA reputake by blocking NET Unwanted effects: Hypertension, excitement, convulsions, dependence
71
Erlotnib -NIB
Inhibit kinase-linked receptor tx: lung cancer, pancreatic cancer Inhibits growth and proliferation of cancer cells
72
Sunitnib
Inhibit kinase-linked receptor Blocks vascular endothelial factor important for tumor growth

PHARM 203 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions