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PHARM 203 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Prazosin

A

Antagonist of A1-adrenoreceptors on smooth muscle cells that prevent noradrenaline from binding so keeps vessels dilated

For hypertension

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2
Q

Nifedapine

A

Targets L-type voltage gated Ca channels and prevents Ca from entering smooth muscle cells. This prevents contraction of SMC and keeps vessels dilated

For Hypertension

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3
Q

Captopril

A

Prevents conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin 1 via binding angiotensin converting enzyme. Keeps vessels dilated.

For Hypertension
ACE competitive inhibitor

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4
Q

Bendroflume-thiazide

A

Prevents reabsorption of Na and Cl and water; diuretic; decreases blood volume which decreases blood pressure

Acts on transporters

For hypertension

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5
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Acts on nuclear receptors as a synthetic corticoid that increases transcription of a protein which leads to inhibition of a transcription factor element important in inflammation
Used in Covid 19

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6
Q

Lidocaine, Vermapril and Amiodarone are all classified as

A

Antidysrhythmic drugs

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7
Q

Lidocaine

A

Slows entry of Na through voltage gated ion channels which slows depolarization and hence AP; slows heart rate as a result

Antidysrthythmic
Na channel blocker (voltage gated ion channel)

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8
Q

Amiodarone

A

Blocks K voltage gated channels and inhibits repolarization/slows it and slows the heart

K channel blocker (voltage gated ion channel)
Antidysrythmic

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9
Q

Verapamil

A

Ca channel blockade of voltage gated channels

Ca channel Blocker (voltage gated ion channel)
Antidysrythmic

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10
Q

5-fluorouracil

A

False substrate for replication enzyme

replaces uracil as intermediate in DNA synthesis and inhibits replication

Used for cancer cell replication

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11
Q

ASA

A

AKA aspirin

irreversibly and non-competitively binds COX1

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12
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet

Requires enzyme degradation to covert prodrug into its active form

req hepatic conversion to make active metabolite that binds to and blocks P2Y12 (platelet coagulation)

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13
Q

Floxicane

A

enzymatic conversion to reactive metabolite can create drug toxicity

in reactive form, causes agranulocytosis and decreased neutrophil counts

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14
Q

Nicotine

A

nAchR agonist

Increase HR
Increase BP
GI motility (variable)
Increase bronchial, salivary, and sweat gland secretion
CNS stimulation

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15
Q

Varenicline

A

tx of nicotine addiction; partial agonist of A4 w/i CNS, stimulating dopamine release

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16
Q

Hexamethonium

A

NAchR antagonist

Mainly block of sympathetic ganglia

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17
Q

Effects of Ach and NAchR

A

Increase HR
Increase BP
GI motility (variable)
Increase bronchial, salivary, and sweat gland secretion
CNS stimulation

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18
Q

Ach and MAchR
Agonist effects

A

Agonist

Decreases HR and CO
Decreases BP (NO-dependent)
Visceral smooth muscle contraction
Increased bronchial, salivary, and sweat gland secretion

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19
Q

Pilocarpine

A

MAchR Agonist
tx:
glaucoma (bind M3 and reduce intraocular pressure)
Sjogren’s syndrome (M3 agonist; increase lacrimal and salivary secretions to help with dry eyes and mouth)

General effects:
Decreases HR and CO
Decreases BP (NO-dependent)
Visceral smooth muscle contraction
Increased bronchial, salivary, and sweat gland secretion

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20
Q

Celvimeline

A

MAchR Agonist
tx: Sjogren’s syndrome (M3 agonist; increase lacrimal and salivary secretions to help with dry eyes and mouth)

Decreases HR and CO
Decreases BP (NO-dependent)
Visceral smooth muscle contraction
Increased bronchial, salivary, and sweat gland secretion

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21
Q

Atropine

A

MAchR antagonist
tx: sinus bradycardia (block M2 to increase HB)

Increase HR (bradycardia)
Inhibit salivary, lacrimal, bronchial, and sweat gland secretion
Decrease GI motility
Relax bronchial, urinary, and biliary tract smooth muscle
CNS - variable

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22
Q

Hyoscine

A

MAchR antagonist
tx: relax GI smooth muscle for endoscopy, antiemetic (CNS Effect)

Increase HR (bradycardia)
Inhibit salivary, lacrimal, bronchial, and sweat gland secretion
Decrease GI motility
Relax bronchial, urinary, and biliary tract smooth muscle
CNS - variable

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23
Q

Tropicamide

A

MAchR antagonist
Tx: Dilate pupil

Increase HR (bradycardia)
Inhibit salivary, lacrimal, bronchial, and sweat gland secretion
Decrease GI motility
Relax bronchial, urinary, and biliary tract smooth muscle
CNS - variable

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24
Q

Ipratropium

A

MAchR antagonist
tx: asthma, COPD (relaxes bronchial SM)

Increase HR (bradycardia)
Inhibit salivary, lacrimal, bronchial, and sweat gland secretion
Decrease GI motility
Relax bronchial, urinary, and biliary tract smooth muscle
CNS - variable

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25
Q

Benzotropine

A

MAchR antagonist
tx: Parkinsons disease involuntary movements

Increase HR (bradycardia)
Inhibit salivary, lacrimal, bronchial, and sweat gland secretion
Decrease GI motility
Relax bronchial, urinary, and biliary tract smooth muscle
CNS - variable

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26
Q

Botox (Botulinum toxin)

A

Inhibits Ach release presynaptically

Prevents spasticity, urinary incontinence and forehead wrinkles

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27
Q

Adrenaline

A

a/B agonist

Uses:
Hypotension (intensive care)
Anaphylactic shock
cardiac arrect
Asthma (emergency treatment)

Unwanted side effects
Hypertension/vasoconstriction
Tachycardia (or reflex bradycardia)
Ventricular dysrhythmia

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28
Q

noradrenaline

A

a/B agonist
Use: Hypotension

Unwanted side effects
Hypertension/vasoconstriction
Tachycardia (or reflex bradycardia)
Ventricular dysrhythmia

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29
Q

Phenylephrine

A

A1 agonist

Use: nasal decongestant

Unwanted effects:
Hypertension
Reflex bradycardia

30
Q

Salbutamol

and

Salmeterol

A

B2 agonist

Use:
Asthma
Delay premature labor

Unwanted effects
Tachycardia
Dysrhythmia
Tremor
Peripheral vasodilation

31
Q

Mirabegron

A

B3 agonist

Use: Overactive bladder
Unwanted effects: Tachycardia

32
Q

Neostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase drug
Enhances Ach activity at parasympathetic post ganglionic synapse

Increase gland secretion
Bradycardia
Hypotension

33
Q

Physostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase
Increase Ach activity at parasympathetic postganglionic synapse

Increase gland secretion
Bradycardia
Hypotension

34
Q

Epoprostanol

A

Pulmonary hypertension

35
Q

Cimetidine

A

H2 Antagonist
tx: stomach ulcers

36
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

aka Benadryl
H1 Inverse agonist
Antihistamine

37
Q

Loratidine

A

aka Clathrin
H1 Inverse agonist
Antihistamine

38
Q

Centrizine

A

aka Reactine
H1 Inverse agonist
Antihistamine

39
Q

Sumatriptan

A

tx: acute migraines
5HT1 agonist

40
Q

Other triptans
(e.g., Almotriptan)

A

tx: acute migraines
5HT1 agonist

41
Q

Pizotifen

A

tx: migraine prevention
5HT2 antagonist

42
Q

Cyproheptidine

A

tx: migraine prevention
5HT2 antagonist

43
Q

Cyproheptadine

A

tx: carcinoid syndrome
5HT2 antagonist

44
Q

Prostacyclin

A

Antiplatelet (prevents aggregation)
Vasodilator

45
Q

Thromboxane

A

Promotes platelet aggregation
vasoconstrictor

46
Q

Latanoprost

-prost

A

Used in eydrops to decrease intraocular pressure

tx:glaucoma

47
Q

Alprostadil

-prosta

A

tx: Critical ischemia

Vasodilates to prevent extremities loosing circulation

48
Q

Misoprostol

-prostol

A

tx: ulcers (prolonged use of NSAIDS can cause gastric ulcers)

Bc inhibits gastric secretion and increases mucus secretion

49
Q

Gemeprost/misoprostol

-prostol/-prost

A

tx: induce labour via stimulating uterine contractions

50
Q

carboprost

-prost

A

tx: used postpartum to contract uterus and decrease bleeding

51
Q

Zafirlukast

-lukast

A

CysLT antagonist
tx: asthma

52
Q

Montelukast

-lukast

A

CysLT antagonist
tx: asthma

53
Q

Nabiximol

A

CB agonist
tx: pain

THC and CBD combo

54
Q

Nabilone

A

CB agonist
tx: nausea and vomiting associated w/ chemotherapy

synthetic cannabinoid

55
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Non-selective A-antagonist
tx: Phaeochromatoma (adrenal tumour; produces extra adrenaline)

dilates vessels to decrease BP (cause postural hypotension), nasal congestion, tachycardia(reflex), impotence

56
Q

Doxazocin

A

A1-antagonist

tx: hypertension
side effects: postural hypotension, impotence, tachycardia (reflex), nasal congestion

57
Q

Propranolol

A

Non-selective B antagonist
Tx: cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertension, angina, anxiety, tremor, glaucoma

Side effects: bronchoconstriction, cardiac failure/depression, cold extremities, fatigue and depression, hypoglycaemia

58
Q

Alprenolol

A

Partial agonist
Tx: cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertension, angina, anxiety, tremor, glaucoma

Side effects: bronchoconstriction, cardiac failure/depression, cold extremities, fatigue and depression, hypoglycaemia

59
Q

Metoprolol

A

B1 antagonist
Tx: cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertension, angina, heart failure

Side effects: cardiac failure/depression
Cold extremities
Fatigue and depression
Hypoglycemia
Bronchoconstriction (less risk than propanolol)

60
Q

Nebivolol

A

B1 antagonist and increases NO
Tx: hypertension
Side effects: fatigue, headache

61
Q

Labetalol

A

A/B antagonist
Tx: hypertension in pregnancy
Side effect: postural hypotension, bronchoconstriction

62
Q

Carvedliol

A

B/a1 antagonist
Tx: heart failure
Side effects: as other betablockers

63
Q

Propanolol

A

Non-selective B-antagonist

tx: cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertension, angina, anxiety, tremor, glaucoma

Side effects: bronchoconstriction

64
Q

a-methyltyrosine

A

Prevent NA synthesis
tx: phaeochromocytoma
Inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase and hence NA/A synthesis

Unwanted effects: hypotension, sedation

65
Q

Methyldopa

A

Prevent NA synthesis
tx: Hypertension in pregnancy
Unwanted effects: Hypotension, drowsiness, diarrhea, hypersensitivity reactions

Methylated so cannot be broken down by MAO. Accumulates and displaces NA in synaptic vesicles (less active than NA on a1 receptors)

66
Q

L-DOPS
dihydroxyphenylserine

A

tx: neurogenic orthostatic hyptoension

unwanted effects: headache, hypertension, nausea

Prodrug. Converted to NA by dopa decarboxylase

67
Q

Amphetamine

A

Release NA (indirect sympathomimetric)

Use: CNS stimulant, narcolepsy, Reduce hyperactivity in children, suppress appetite, drug of abuse

Stimulates NA release and inhibits NA reputake

Unwanted effects: hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, acute psychosis with overdose and dependence

68
Q

Ephedrine

A

Release NA (indirect sympathomimetric)

Stimulates NA release and is a B agonist

Use: Nasal decongestion, CNS stimulant

Unwanted effects:Unwanted effects: hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, acute psychosis with overdose and dependence (less pronounced than amphedimine)

69
Q

Imipramine

A

Blocks NA reputake

tx: depression

inhibits reputake by blocking NET. Also has anticholinergic effects

Unwanted effects: Tachycardia, dry mouth, constipation, postural hypotension

70
Q

Cocaine

A

Blocks NA reputake
Use: CNS stimulant, drug of abuse, local anesthetic

inhibits NA reputake by blocking NET

Unwanted effects: Hypertension, excitement, convulsions, dependence

71
Q

Erlotnib

-NIB

A

Inhibit kinase-linked receptor

tx: lung cancer, pancreatic cancer
Inhibits growth and proliferation of cancer cells

72
Q

Sunitnib

A

Inhibit kinase-linked receptor

Blocks vascular endothelial factor important for tumor growth

PHARM 203 (4 decks)

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