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BVetMed - Principles of Science > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Maropitant (Cerenia)

A

> Very effective anti-emetic

  • Use in acute gastroenteritis, cytotoxic induced vomiting, motion sickness [higher dose]
  • effective against central and peripheral causes of emesis as works on last step of vomiting reflex in CNS
  • NK1 Receptor antagonist in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius
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2
Q

Metoclopramide

A
  • Antiemetic
  • D2 and 5HT3 antagonist [CRTZ and periphery], and peripheral procholinergic effects
  • use in central/peripherally induced vomiting, chemotherapy, gastroesophageal reflux, decreased gastric emptying cases
  • more potent in dogs dueto D2 activity
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3
Q

Phenothiazines

A
  • Amtiemetic
  • a1 and a2 Ant, D2 Ant, H1 and H2 Ant, Muscarinic Cholinergic Ant
  • acts on CRTZ, vomiting centre, vestibular system and periphery
    > not vet registered so few indications
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4
Q

Diphenhydrinate (Dramamine)

A

Anthistamines: Antiemetic

  • act on CRTZ in motion sickness in the DOG only
  • off label use in UK
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5
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

Anthistamines:

  • H1 and H2 in CRTZ
  • Antiallergy
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6
Q

Dolasetron (Anzemet)

A
  • 5HT3 antagonist (CRTZ and periphery)
  • usually for cytotoxic drug induced emesis
  • much more effective antiemetic than metoclopramide
  • expensive
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7
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)`

A
  • 5HT3 antagonist (CRTZ and periphery)
  • usually for cytotoxic drug induced emesis
  • much more effective antiemetic than metoclopramide
  • expensive
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8
Q

Atropine

A

Anticholinergic
-Motion sickness (M1 Ant in vestibular apparatus) BUT M2 effects cause severe side effects - delayed gastric emptying, ileus)

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9
Q

Butylscopolamine (Hyoscine)

A

Anticholinergic
-Motion sickness (M1 Ant in vestibular apparatus) BUT M2 effects cause severe side effects - delayed gastric emptying, ileus)

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10
Q

Propantheline

A

Anticholinergic
-Motion sickness (M1 Ant in vestibular apparatus) BUT M2 effects cause severe side effects - delayed gastric emptying, ileus)

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11
Q

Isopropamide

A

Anticholinergic
-Motion sickness (M1 Ant in vestibular apparatus) BUT M2 effects cause severe side effects - delayed gastric emptying, ileus)

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12
Q

Nonsystemic antacids

A

Anti-ulcer

  • inexpensive
  • oral administration different in V+ patient
  • frequent administration ~4hrs = low owner compliance
  • treat but DO NOT PREVENT
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13
Q

Cimetidine (Zitac)

A
  • H2 R antagonists
  • Anti-ulcer
  • effective for gastric ulceration caused by NSAIDs and uraemia (amongst others)
  • vet registered
  • differ to other H2 R ants in potency, but = effective
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14
Q

Sucralfate

A

Anti-ulcer

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15
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

A

Anti-ulcer

  • Synthetic PGE2
  • Management/prevention of NSAID tox
  • Causes abortion in humans (morning after pill)
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16
Q

Omeprazole (Losec)

A

Anti-ulcer

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17
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A
  • H2 R antagonists
  • Anti-ulcer
  • effective for gastric ulceration caused by NSAIDs and uraemia (amongst others)
  • differ to other H2 R ants in potency, but = effective
  • prokinetic
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18
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A
  • H2 R antagonists
  • Anti-ulcer
  • effective for gastric ulceration caused by NSAIDs and uraemia (amongst others)
  • differ to other H2 R ants in potency, but = effective
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19
Q

Apomorphine

A
  • NOT morphine!
  • D2 Ag
  • Potent emetic in the dog
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20
Q

Xylazine

A
  • A2 Ag
  • Sedative
  • Potent emetic in cats
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21
Q

Prochlorperazine

A
  • A2 blocker

- Potent antiemetic in cats

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22
Q

Kaolin

A
  • Absorbant/prtectant for diarrhoea?
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23
Q

Bismuth salicylate

A
  • Absorbant/protectant for diarrhoea

- Avoid in cats

24
Q

FLunixin meglumine

A

NSAID analgesic and antipyrexic

25
Moxidectin
Wormer - effective against cyathostomin larvae but causes D+ in its own right ± corticosteroids?
26
Fenbendazole
WOrmer - 10mg/kg PO SID 5 days - effective against cyathostomin larvae but causes D+ in its own right ± corticosteroids
27
Lactulose
Laxative
28
Cyclosporine
Immunosupressant
29
Ketoconazole
Prolongs action of cyclosporine
30
Methodone
Opioid
31
Morphine
Opioid
32
Fentanyl
Opioid
33
Meloxicam
NSAID
34
Carprofen
NSAID
35
Buprenorphine
Partial opioid agonist
36
Toceranib (Palladia)
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor | - Tx of canine MCT
37
Masitinib (Masivet)
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor | - Tx of canine MCT
38
Furosemide (Lasix, Diuride)
- Diuretic for preload reduction in CHF - blocks Na absorption ascending LOH - Oral, IV, SC, CRI > risk: electrolyte disturbance, hypovolaemia, azotaemia
39
Spironolactone (Prilactone)
- Diuretic indicated as 2* linediuretic - aldosterone blockade beneficial in neurohormonal blockade - blocks Aldosterone receptors - oral > risk: hyperkalaemia
40
Torasemide
- loop diuretc like furosemide for dogs refrctory to furosemide! - oral > risks: electrolyte disturbnace, hypovolaemia, azotaemia (= furosemide)
41
Thiazides
- diuretics - block NA absorption in DCT - oral - 2*/3* line diuretic in end stage heart failure > risks: electrolyte distturbance, hypovolaemia, azotaemia
42
Glyceryl Trinitrate (Percutol) and Nitroprusside
- venodilators for emergency management of acute heart failure - endogenous NO (relax smooth mm.) - GT percutaneous administration - Nitroprusside CRI only > risks hypotension and cyanide toxicity with nitroprusside
43
ACE inhibitors (Fortekor, Benazecare, Enaguard[enalapril], Vasotop)
- arteriodilators/balanced vasodilators for many diseases in dogs and cats - block AT2 prduction - oral administration > risks: hypotension, renal underperfusion
44
Pimobendan (Vetmedin)
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and calcium sensitiser - oral - preclinical DCM - heart failure 2* to DCM or DMVD > risk: effects on heart rate and rhythm
45
Amlodipine (Istin)
- Calcium channel antagonist - oral - antihypertensive > risk: hypotension
46
Hydralazine
- Rarely used now - oral - 2*/3* line vasodilator > Risk: hypotension
47
Digoxin (Lanoxine)
- blocks Na/K ATPase - ^ intracellular calcium - ^ vagal tone - inotrope for advanced heart failure, supreventricular arrhythmias eg. atrial fibrillation - oral and IV (rare) > Risks: Narrow therapeutic index, pro-arrythmic, GIT side effects
48
Dobutamine
- short term salvage - inotrope for acute heart failure management - b- agonist - CRI only > Risks: ^ HR, pro-arrythmia
49
Diltiazem
- Ca channel antagonist - oral - luisitrope or negative chronotrope to enhance diastolic function - HCM in cats (ACEI now more commonly used) - slowing atrial fibrillation - few side effects
50
B-blockers (Atenalol, propranolol etc)
- luisitrope or negative chronotrope to enhance diastolic function - oral - HCM or HOCM in cats > risks: bradycardia and induction of heart failure
51
Quinidine
- class 1A anti arrhythmic - oral or injectable - conversion of atrial fibrillation in horses > risks: GI side effects, tachycardia
52
Lignocaine
- Class 1B anti arrythmic - IV injection - ventricular arrythmias > risks: GI and neuro side effects
53
Mexilitine
- Class 1B anti-arrythmic - oral - chronic management of ventricular arrythmias > risks: GI and neuro side effects
54
Sotalol
- Class III anti-arrythmic with b-blocker effect - oral - chronic tx some ventricular arrythmias > risk: proarrythic
55
Verapamil
- ca channel agonist - antiarrythmic - IV and oral -tx supraventricular tachycardias > risk: bradycardia
56
Aspirin
- anti thrombotic - preventative for cats at risk of aortic thromboembolism - inhibits formation of thromboxane in platelets to stop aggregation - oral > risk: GI ulceration -> vomiting, haematemesis, interaction with ACEI -> renal compromise
57
Clopidogrel
- anti thrombotic - irreversible antagonist of platelet receptor - inhibits 1* and 2* platelet aggregation - oral - some evidence better than aspirin - prevention of aortic thromboembolism in at risk cats > risks: GI signs

BVetMed - Principles of Science (27 decks)

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