Drugs 11-20

Question 1

12. Escitalopram

Answer 1

Brand: Lexapro
Cat: anti-depressant (SSRI)
Use: treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorders
SE: headache, sleep problems, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, other CNS issues
Oral: xerostomia, has potential to cause prolonged bleeding esp. If used with aspirin, NSAIDs, anticoagulants (routine interruption for most procedures not warranted)
Preg: C

Question 2

13. Azithromycin

Answer 2

Brand: Zithromax 
Cat: antibiotic, I.E. prophylaxis 
Use: treatment of moderate bacterial infections, Otis media, pharyngeal infections or pneumonia caused by H. influenza or staphylococcus organisms 
500 mg per day for 5-7 days 
SE: diarrhea, nausea
Oral: no major oral effects 
Preg: C

Question 3

14. Albuterol

Answer 3

Brand: ProAir HFA
Cat: anti-asthma, adrenergic
Use: bronchodilator in reversible airway obstruction due to asthma or COPD
SE: misc. side effects including tachycardia and arrhythmias (no need to adjust epinephrine)
Oral: xerostomia
Preg: C

Question 4

15. Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 4

Brand: Microzode, Zide, Hydrocot
Cat: cardiovascular agent, diuretic, thiazide (sodium reabsorption in kidney)
Use: treatment of HTN, edema, congestive heart failure
SE: orthostatic effects
Oral: patient should not get up quickly, indicated patient had high BP and could be at risk for MI
Preg: B

Question 5

16. Metformin

Answer 5

Brand: Glucophage,Fortamet
Cat: antidiabetic agent, biguanide
Use: management of type 2 DM, gestational diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome
SE: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, flatulence
Oral: taste disorder, diabetic patients have risk for periodontitis, xerostomia, delayed healing, oral yeast infections, increased infection risk after surgery
Preg: B

Question 6

17. Sertraline

Answer 6

Brand: Zoloft
Cat: anti-depressant (SSRI)
Use: treat anxiety or depression, OCD, panic disorder, PTSD, premenstrual dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety disorders, eating disorders
SE: dizziness, fatigue, other CNS effects
Oral: xerostomia, can cause prolonged bleeding if used with NSAIDs, aspirin, anticoagulants (routine interruption for most dental procedures not necessary)
Preg: B

Question 7

18. Ibuprofen

Answer 7

Brand: Advil, Motrin, Midol
Cat: NSAID
Use: treatment of moderate oral pain and swelling, TMD pain, osteoarthritis, RA, dysmenorrhea, other pain, fever, inflammation
SE: GI bleeding/ulcer, stroke/MI, thromboembolism, hepato- and nephrotoxicity
Oral: pre operative use at 400-600mg 6 hours prior to treatment may decrease swelling and hasten healing time
Preg: C

Question 8

19. Zolpidem

Answer 8

Brand: ambien 
Cat: hypnotic, non benzodiazepine 
Use: treat insomnia 
SE: dizziness, headache, somnolence 
Oral: xerostomia 
Preg: C

Question 9

20. Furosemide

Answer 9

Brand: Lasix
Cat: diuretic, loop
Use: manage edema associated with heart failure and hepatic or renal disease, acute pulmonary edema, HTN
SE: various
Oral: no significant effects on oral health reported
Preg: C

Question 10

11. Metroprolol

Answer 10

Brand: Lopreasor, Toprol-XL
Cat: Cardioselective beta blocker
Use: treat angina pectoris, HTN, hemodynamically stable acute MI
SE: hypotension, bradycardia, dizziness, fatigue
Oral: long term use of NSAIDs (3+ wks) can reduce effects, but short term use (3days) requires no special precautions. Also no restrictions regarding epinephrine use
Preg: C