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PSA > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What does an enzyme inducer do?

A

Induces the enzyme so reduces concentration of drug

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2
Q

What is the mneumonic for enzyme inducers?

A

PC BRAS

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3
Q

Examples of enzyme inducers?

A 
PC BRAS:
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates
Rifampicin
Alcohol (chronic excess)
Sulphonylureas
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4
Q

Examples of enzyme inhibitors?

A 
AO DEVICES:
Allopurinol
Omeprazole
Disulfiram
Erythromycin
Valproate
Isoniazid
Ciprofloxacin
Ethanol (acute intoxication)
Sulphonamides
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5
Q

Side effects of steroids?

A 
STEROIDS:
Stomach ulcers
Thin skin
oEdema
Right and left heart failure
Osteoporosis
Infection 
Diabetes
cushing's Syndrome
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6
Q

NSAID safety considerations:

A 
NSAID: 
No urine (renal failure)
Systolic dysfunction (heart failure)
Asthma
Indigestion
Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality)
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7
Q

Which anti-emetic exacerbates parkinsonian symptoms?

A

metoclopramide

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8
Q

Do ACEi cause high or low potassium?

A

High potassium

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9
Q

Antimuscarinic toxicity:

A 
pupillary dilation
loss of accomodation
dry mouth
tachycardia
altered mental state
urinary retention
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10
Q

What is the risk of trimethoprim and methotrexate together?

A

both folate antagonists so can lead to pancytopaenia and neutropenic sepsis
CONTRAINDICATED

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11
Q

Causes of SIADH:

A 
SIADH:
small cell lung cancer
infection
abscess
drugs (carbamazepine and antipsychotics)
head injury
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11
Q

Causes of SIADH:

A 
SIADH:
small cell lung cancer
infection
abscess
drugs (carbamazepine and antipsychotics)
head injury
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12
Q

Causes of hyperkalaemia:

A 
DREAD:
drugs (K+ sparing diuretics / ACEi)
renal failure
endocrine (addison's)
artefact 
DKA
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13
Q

causes of hypokalaemia?

A 
DIRE:
drugs (loop and thiazide diuretics)
inadequate intake or intestinal loss
renal tubular acidosis
endocrine (conn's / cushing's)
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14
Q

Features of digoxin toxicity:

A

confusion
nausea
visual halos
arrhythmias

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14
Q

Features of digoxin toxicity:

A

confusion
nausea
visual halos
arrhythmias

15
Q

Features of lithium toxicity:

A

Early: tremor
Intermediate: tiredness
Late: arrhythmias, seizures, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus

16
Q

Phenytoin toxicity:

A

gum hypertrophy, ataxia, nystagmus, peripheral neuropathy, teratogenicity

17
Q

cyclizine and amitriptyline both have _____ side effects - dry mouth, tachycardic, visual changes

A

antimuscarinic

18
Q

risk factors for VTE on COCP:

A

> 35 years old, smoker, BMI>30, family history of VTE in first degree relative <45, immobilisation, history of superficial thrombophlebitis

19
Q

Drug causes of cholestasis:

A

Flucloxacillin, Co-amoxiclav, Nitrofurantoin, Steroids, Sulfonylureas

20
Q

Monitoring requirements for statins:

A

Transaminases (ALT or AST) - before commencing drug, 3 and 12 months after starting
Creatine kinase: if risk factors for myopathy e.g. history/family history of muscular disorders, high alcohol intake, renal impairment, hypothyroidism and in elderly

21
Q

Gum hypertrophy causes:

A

Phenytoin

Ciclosporin

22
Q

Lower lobe fibrosis:

A 
RASIO:
rheumatoid arthritis
asbestosis
scleroderma, SLE, sjorgren's
idiopathic
others - drugs: carbemazepine, methotrexate, amiodarone, nitrofurantoin
23
Q

Upper zone fibrosis:

A 
BREAST
berylliois
radiation
extrinsic allergic alveolitis
ankylosing spondylitis
silicosis, psoriasis, sarcoidosis
tuberculosis
24
Q

What is vitamin K called?

A

Phytomenadione

25
Q

Drugs that CAN be given to breast-feeding mothers:

A

Antibiotics: penicillin, cephalosporins, trimethoprim
Endocrine: glucocorticoids, levothyroxine
Epilepsy: sodium valproate, carbamazepine
Asthma: salbutamol, theophyllines
Psychiatric: TCAs, antipsychotics
HTN: beta blockers, hydralazine
Anticoagulants: warfarin, heparin
Digoxin

26
Q

Drugs that CANNOT be given when breastfeeding:

A 
antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulphonamides
Psychiatric: lithium, benzodiazepine
Aspirin
Carbimazole
Methotrexate
Sulfonylureas
Cytotoxic drugs
Amiodarone
27
Q

What monitoring is required on ciclosporin?

A

Renal function

PSA (1 decks)

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