Drugs Flashcards
What does an enzyme inducer do?
Induces the enzyme so reduces concentration of drug
What is the mneumonic for enzyme inducers?
PC BRAS
Examples of enzyme inducers?
PC BRAS: Phenytoin Carbamazepine Barbiturates Rifampicin Alcohol (chronic excess) Sulphonylureas
Examples of enzyme inhibitors?
AO DEVICES: Allopurinol Omeprazole Disulfiram Erythromycin Valproate Isoniazid Ciprofloxacin Ethanol (acute intoxication) Sulphonamides
Side effects of steroids?
STEROIDS: Stomach ulcers Thin skin oEdema Right and left heart failure Osteoporosis Infection Diabetes cushing's Syndrome
NSAID safety considerations:
NSAID: No urine (renal failure) Systolic dysfunction (heart failure) Asthma Indigestion Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality)
Which anti-emetic exacerbates parkinsonian symptoms?
metoclopramide
Do ACEi cause high or low potassium?
High potassium
Antimuscarinic toxicity:
pupillary dilation loss of accomodation dry mouth tachycardia altered mental state urinary retention
What is the risk of trimethoprim and methotrexate together?
both folate antagonists so can lead to pancytopaenia and neutropenic sepsis
CONTRAINDICATED
Causes of SIADH:
SIADH: small cell lung cancer infection abscess drugs (carbamazepine and antipsychotics) head injury
Causes of SIADH:
SIADH: small cell lung cancer infection abscess drugs (carbamazepine and antipsychotics) head injury
Causes of hyperkalaemia:
DREAD: drugs (K+ sparing diuretics / ACEi) renal failure endocrine (addison's) artefact DKA
causes of hypokalaemia?
DIRE: drugs (loop and thiazide diuretics) inadequate intake or intestinal loss renal tubular acidosis endocrine (conn's / cushing's)
Features of digoxin toxicity:
confusion
nausea
visual halos
arrhythmias
Features of digoxin toxicity:
confusion
nausea
visual halos
arrhythmias
Features of lithium toxicity:
Early: tremor
Intermediate: tiredness
Late: arrhythmias, seizures, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus
Phenytoin toxicity:
gum hypertrophy, ataxia, nystagmus, peripheral neuropathy, teratogenicity
cyclizine and amitriptyline both have _____ side effects - dry mouth, tachycardic, visual changes
antimuscarinic
risk factors for VTE on COCP:
> 35 years old, smoker, BMI>30, family history of VTE in first degree relative <45, immobilisation, history of superficial thrombophlebitis
Drug causes of cholestasis:
Flucloxacillin, Co-amoxiclav, Nitrofurantoin, Steroids, Sulfonylureas
Monitoring requirements for statins:
Transaminases (ALT or AST) - before commencing drug, 3 and 12 months after starting
Creatine kinase: if risk factors for myopathy e.g. history/family history of muscular disorders, high alcohol intake, renal impairment, hypothyroidism and in elderly
Gum hypertrophy causes:
Phenytoin
Ciclosporin
Lower lobe fibrosis:
RASIO: rheumatoid arthritis asbestosis scleroderma, SLE, sjorgren's idiopathic others - drugs: carbemazepine, methotrexate, amiodarone, nitrofurantoin
