DRUGS Flashcards
Acetaminophen
Oral
Indications: Mild Pain
Contraindications: previous hypersensitivity, severe hepatic impairment, acute liver disease
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, anxiety
Adverse reaction: hepatotoxicity, renal failure, cardiac damage, toxic epidermal necrosis, rash
Nursing considerations: beware when calculating total daily dose since many OTC contain acetaminophen & reduce total daily dose
Patient Teaching: take drug exactly as directed & don’t exceed recommended amount & call doctor if fever lasts for more than 3 days
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID
ASA
Oral
INDICATIONS
Mild pain, Fever, Inflammatory disorders, prophylaxis for heart attack
CONTRAINDICATIONS
hypersensitivity to aspirin, cross-sensitivity with other
NSAIDs, bleeding disorders
SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE EFFECT
- nausea
- vomiting
- abdominal pain
- GI Bleeding
- Anaphylaxis
- tinnitus
NURSING CONSIDERATION
For inflammatory conditions, give scheduled doses.
• monitor patient for hypersensitivity reactions
• Monitor salicylate level; severe toxic effects levels >400mcg/mL
PATIENT TEACHING • Take with food or glass of water to reduce GI reactions and sit upright for 15-30 minutes. • avoid use of alcohol • Consult doctor is tinnitus occurs • consult doctor if fever lasts >3days
IBUPROFEN
Indications:
pain, inflammation, reduce fever
Contraindications:
hypersensitivity, active GI bleeding or ulcer
disease, severe HF
Side Effects:
- Heart failure
- stroke
- GI bleeding
- nausea
- vomiting
- constipation
Nursing Considerations;
assess pain before and 1-2 hr after administering, assess for S/S GI bleeding, assess for skin rashes
Patient Teachings:
Take drug exactly as directed and don’t exceed recommended amount.
• May cause drowsiness; avoid driving
• avoid drinking alcohol
OXYCODONE
Indications:
Moderate to severe pain
Contraindications:
hypersensitivity
respiratory depression
acute or severe bronchial asthma
Side Effects: nausea
• vomiting• constipation • confusion
• sedation
Adverse Reactions: • respiratory depression
• orthostatic hypotension • blurred vision
Nursing Considerations:
• Assess BP, pulse, & RR before and periodically during administration
• assess risk for opioid addiction , abuse, or misuse before administration.
Patient Teachings:
• Instruct patient on how & when to ask for and take pain meds.
• advise patient that this drug is know to abuse potential, protect from theft.
• May cause drowsiness; avoid driving
FENTANYL PATCH
Topical
Indication: Moderrate to severe chronic pain
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity,
- acute, mild, intermittent, or pop-up pain,
- respiratory depression
- acute or severe bronchial asthma
Side Effects: nausea • vomiting • constipation • confusion • sedation
Adverse Effects: • apnea • respiratory depression • bradycardia • hypotension • adrenal insufficiency
Nursing Consideration :
• assess BP, pulse, RR before and periodically during administration.
• assess risk for opioid addictions use, or misuse prior to administration.
• assess bowel function routinely
Patient Teachings:
• instruct how and when to ask for and take pain medication.
• instruct correct method for application and disposal of patch.
• avoid grapefruit juice
