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SGU FTM1 E1 > DRUGS > Flashcards

DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Azidothymidine (AZT) / Zidovudine

A

Type: Anti-viral nucleoside analogue of deoxythymidine

Treats: HIV

Mechanism of Action: termination

Target: viral reverse transcriptase inhibitor of viral replication and cell division

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2
Q

Diadenosine (DDL)

A

Type: Anti-viral nucleoside analogue of deoxyadenosine
Treats: HIV
Mechanism of Action: phosphorylated by host cell’s kinase, inhibits reverse transcriptase, chain termination
Target: viral reverse transcriptase inhibitor of Viral replication

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3
Q

Tenofovir

A

Type: Anti-viral nucleoside analogue of deoxyadenosine monophosphate
Treats: HIV
Mechanism of Action: phosphorated by kinase, chain termination
Target: viral reverse transcriptase inhibitor of viral replication

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4
Q

Acyclovir

A

Type: Anti-viral nucleoside analogue of deoxyguanosine
Treats: Herpes simplex and Varicella zoster
Mechanism of Action: viral thymidine kinase converts to monophosphate, host cell’s kinase converted to acyclovir triphosphate, causes chain termination
Target: viral DNA polymerase, inhibitor of viral replication

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5
Q

Cytosine arabinoside (araC) / Cytarabine

A

Type: Cytosine nucleoside analogue/deoxycitidine analogue
Treats: Acute myeloid leukemia, Lymphoma
Mechanism of Action: Chain termination
Target: DNA replication inhibitor

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6
Q

Vidarabine/Adenosine Arabinoside (araA)

A

Type: Anti-viral nucleoside analogue for deoxyadenoside
Treats: Anti-neoplastic agent - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Herpes Simplex
Mechanism of action: DNA elongation
Target: Viral DNA Polymerase

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7
Q

Decitabind/5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine) & 5-azacytidine

A

Type: Cytidine analogue - hypomethylation
Treats: Myelodysplastic syndrome, Acute myeloid leukemia
Mechanism of action: prevents malignant transformation
Target: DNA methytransferase

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8
Q

Quinolone family - Ciprofloxacin & Nalidixic acid

A

Type: Antibiotic fluoroquinalone

Treats: Anthrax, UTIs, Respiratory infections

Mechanism of action: Inhibits DNA gyrase/topoisomerase II —> chain termination

Target: Bacterial DNA replication

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9
Q

Courmarin family - Novobiocin

A

Type: Antibiotic
Treats: Staph infections, MRSA
Mechanism of action: Inhibits DNA gyrase/topoisomerase II —> chain termination
Target: DNA replication & transcription

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10
Q

Camptothecin

A

Type: Anti-cancer
Treats: Cancer in eukaryotes
Mechanism of action: Inhibits topoisomerase I —> DNA breakage

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11
Q

Etoposide

A

Type: Anti-cancer
Treats: Cancer in Eukaryotes
Mechanism of action: Inhibits topoisomerse II

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12
Q

Actinomycin D/Dactinomycin

A

Type: Anti-cancer

Mechanism of action: Prevents DNA replication & transcription

Target: Replication & transcription

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13
Q

Rifamycin/Rifampin

A

Type: Antibiotic

Treats: Tuberculosis

Mechanism of action: Inhibits transcription initiation in bacteria

Target: Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase

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14
Q

Diphtheria toxin

A

Type: Toxin

Mechanism of action: Prevents translocation of tRNA

Target: Protein synthesis & translation of eukaryotes

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15
Q

Streptomycin/aminoglycoside

A

Type: Aminoglycoside antibiotic initiation inhibitor

Treats: Bacterial infections

Mechanism of action: Prevents assembly of ribosome / initiation of translation

Target: 30S ribosomal subunit of prokaryotes

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16
Q

Tetracycline

A

Type: Antibiotic elongation inhibitor

Treats: Bacterial infections

Mechanism of action: prevents aminoacyl-tRNA access to A site

17
Q

Erythromycin/macrolide

A

Type: Antibiotic (macrolide structure)
Treats: Bacterial infections
Mechanism of action: Blocks tRNA translation/elongation inhibitor
Target: 50S subunit of 70S ribosome in prokaryotes

18
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Type: Antibiotic elongation inhibitor

Mechanism of action: Inhibits peptidyl transferase activity (peptide bond formation) in prokaryotes / bacterial translation inhibitor; Can inhibit mitochondrial translation - bad

Target: Peptidyltransferase

19
Q

Cycloheximide

A

Type: Antibiotic elongation inhibitor

Mechanism of action: Inhibits eukaryotic peptidyl transferase activity / eukaryotic translation inhibitor

Target: Eukaryotic peptidyl transferase

20
Q

Puromycin

A

Type: Antibiotic elongation inhibitor

Mechanism of action: Premature termination of translation in prokaryotes & eukaryotes

21
Q

Alpha-amanitin toxin

A

Type: Toxin from death cap mushroom
Treats: GI decontamination, penicillin, liver transplant
Mechanism of action: Inhibits RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes
Target: RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes

22
Q

Colchine

A

Type: Anti-cancer
Treats: cancer
Mechanism of action: Prevents polymerization
Target: Unpolymerized tubulin molecules

23
Q

Taxol

A

Type: Anti Cancer
Treats: Cancer
Mechanism of action: Stabilizes and prevents microtubules disassembly
Target: arrests cells dividing in mitosis

24
Q

Phalloidin

A

Type: Toxin in death cap mushroom
Treats:
Mechanism of action: Disrupts actin —> inhibits cell movement
Target: Liver & kidney failure within 4-8 days after consumption

25
Q

Cytochalasins

A

Type: Fungal product
Treats:
Mechanism of action: Block polymerization of actin
Target: Inhibit movement, division, induce apoptosis

SGU FTM1 E1 (11 decks)

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