DRUGS Flashcards
Azidothymidine (AZT) / Zidovudine
Type: Anti-viral nucleoside analogue of deoxythymidine
Treats: HIV
Mechanism of Action: termination
Target: viral reverse transcriptase inhibitor of viral replication and cell division
Diadenosine (DDL)
Type: Anti-viral nucleoside analogue of deoxyadenosine
Treats: HIV
Mechanism of Action: phosphorylated by host cell’s kinase, inhibits reverse transcriptase, chain termination
Target: viral reverse transcriptase inhibitor of Viral replication
Tenofovir
Type: Anti-viral nucleoside analogue of deoxyadenosine monophosphate
Treats: HIV
Mechanism of Action: phosphorated by kinase, chain termination
Target: viral reverse transcriptase inhibitor of viral replication
Acyclovir
Type: Anti-viral nucleoside analogue of deoxyguanosine
Treats: Herpes simplex and Varicella zoster
Mechanism of Action: viral thymidine kinase converts to monophosphate, host cell’s kinase converted to acyclovir triphosphate, causes chain termination
Target: viral DNA polymerase, inhibitor of viral replication
Cytosine arabinoside (araC) / Cytarabine
Type: Cytosine nucleoside analogue/deoxycitidine analogue
Treats: Acute myeloid leukemia, Lymphoma
Mechanism of Action: Chain termination
Target: DNA replication inhibitor
Vidarabine/Adenosine Arabinoside (araA)
Type: Anti-viral nucleoside analogue for deoxyadenoside
Treats: Anti-neoplastic agent - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Herpes Simplex
Mechanism of action: DNA elongation
Target: Viral DNA Polymerase
Decitabind/5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine) & 5-azacytidine
Type: Cytidine analogue - hypomethylation
Treats: Myelodysplastic syndrome, Acute myeloid leukemia
Mechanism of action: prevents malignant transformation
Target: DNA methytransferase
Quinolone family - Ciprofloxacin & Nalidixic acid
Type: Antibiotic fluoroquinalone
Treats: Anthrax, UTIs, Respiratory infections
Mechanism of action: Inhibits DNA gyrase/topoisomerase II —> chain termination
Target: Bacterial DNA replication
Courmarin family - Novobiocin
Type: Antibiotic
Treats: Staph infections, MRSA
Mechanism of action: Inhibits DNA gyrase/topoisomerase II —> chain termination
Target: DNA replication & transcription
Camptothecin
Type: Anti-cancer
Treats: Cancer in eukaryotes
Mechanism of action: Inhibits topoisomerase I —> DNA breakage
Etoposide
Type: Anti-cancer
Treats: Cancer in Eukaryotes
Mechanism of action: Inhibits topoisomerse II
Actinomycin D/Dactinomycin
Type: Anti-cancer
Mechanism of action: Prevents DNA replication & transcription
Target: Replication & transcription
Rifamycin/Rifampin
Type: Antibiotic
Treats: Tuberculosis
Mechanism of action: Inhibits transcription initiation in bacteria
Target: Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase
Diphtheria toxin
Type: Toxin
Mechanism of action: Prevents translocation of tRNA
Target: Protein synthesis & translation of eukaryotes
Streptomycin/aminoglycoside
Type: Aminoglycoside antibiotic initiation inhibitor
Treats: Bacterial infections
Mechanism of action: Prevents assembly of ribosome / initiation of translation
Target: 30S ribosomal subunit of prokaryotes
Tetracycline
Type: Antibiotic elongation inhibitor
Treats: Bacterial infections
Mechanism of action: prevents aminoacyl-tRNA access to A site
Erythromycin/macrolide
Type: Antibiotic (macrolide structure)
Treats: Bacterial infections
Mechanism of action: Blocks tRNA translation/elongation inhibitor
Target: 50S subunit of 70S ribosome in prokaryotes
Chloramphenicol
Type: Antibiotic elongation inhibitor
Mechanism of action: Inhibits peptidyl transferase activity (peptide bond formation) in prokaryotes / bacterial translation inhibitor; Can inhibit mitochondrial translation - bad
Target: Peptidyltransferase
Cycloheximide
Type: Antibiotic elongation inhibitor
Mechanism of action: Inhibits eukaryotic peptidyl transferase activity / eukaryotic translation inhibitor
Target: Eukaryotic peptidyl transferase
Puromycin
Type: Antibiotic elongation inhibitor
Mechanism of action: Premature termination of translation in prokaryotes & eukaryotes
Alpha-amanitin toxin
Type: Toxin from death cap mushroom
Treats: GI decontamination, penicillin, liver transplant
Mechanism of action: Inhibits RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes
Target: RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes
Colchine
Type: Anti-cancer
Treats: cancer
Mechanism of action: Prevents polymerization
Target: Unpolymerized tubulin molecules
Taxol
Type: Anti Cancer
Treats: Cancer
Mechanism of action: Stabilizes and prevents microtubules disassembly
Target: arrests cells dividing in mitosis
Phalloidin
Type: Toxin in death cap mushroom
Treats:
Mechanism of action: Disrupts actin —> inhibits cell movement
Target: Liver & kidney failure within 4-8 days after consumption
Cytochalasins
Type: Fungal product
Treats:
Mechanism of action: Block polymerization of actin
Target: Inhibit movement, division, induce apoptosis
