drugs Flashcards by Heather Becker

class 1C drugs

flecainide

propafenone

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class 1A drugs

quinidine
procainimide
disopyramide

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side effect of quinidine

chinchism

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side effect of procainimide

drug induced lupus

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side effect of class 1A

torsades

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class 1b drugs

lidocaine

mexilitine

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MOA of class 1 antiarrhythmics

Na channel blockers, decrease phase 0 slope (CAB)

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MOA of class 2 antiarrhythmics

decrease slope of phase 4 depolarization, decrease SA/AV node activity

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what can class 2 antiarrhythmics treat

a fib

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side effect of class 2 antiarrhythmics

hypoglycemic masking, COPD exacerbation, impotence

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class 3 antiarrhythmics

sotalol
amiodarone
ibutilide
dofetilide

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MOA of class 3

prolong phase 3 repolarization, potassium channel blockers

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adverse events of class 3

torsades

amiodarone: thyrotox, lungs

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MOA of calcium channel blockers

decreases slope of phase 0,3,4. prolonged depolarization via AV node

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valproate MOA

Na channel blocker, increases GABA

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adverse effects of valproate

anemia
hepatotoxic
pancreatitis
spina bifida

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MOA phenytoin

Na channel blocker

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adverse effects phenytoin

gingival hyperplasia, p450 inducer, zero order kinetics, teratogenic

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MOA of ethosuximide

T type calcium channel blocker

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MOA of carbamazapine

increase refractory period of Na channels

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adverse effects of carbamazapine

SJS, agranulocytosis, neural tube defects

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MOA of lamotogrine

blocks Na channels, increase glutamate

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MOA of benzos and barbs

increase GABAa

benzos: increase frequency of Cl
barbs: increase duration of Cl

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denosumab

osteoclast inhibitor

: controls pain and inhibits fractures

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tamoxifen

antagonist at breast estrogen receptors. partial agonist in endometrium.

SSRIs

fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram

adverse effects of SSRIs

diarrhea, sexual dysfunction, nausea

SNRIs

duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine

adverse effects of SNRIs

HTN, discontinuation syndrome

TCAs

desipramine, nortriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepin

adverse effects of TCAs

delirium, arrhythmia, coma, seizure, antichlingeric

adverse effects of mirtazapine

weight gain, sedation

adverse effects of trazadone

sedation, priapism

adverse effects of buproprion

anxiety, lowers seizure threshold

paclitaxol

stabilizes microtubules- blocks G2/M phase

haloperidol

dopamine antagonist | causes hyperprolactinoma

MOA of trazadone

inhibits 5HT2A receptor, blocks H1

MOA of lidocaine

blocks Na channels - prevents depolarization

MOA of mifeprestoen

progesterone partial agonist | promotes placental separation and contraction

flutamide MOA

competitive testosterone receptor inhibitor

fomepizol MOA

competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase

terazosin, prazosine, doxazosin MOA

inhibit alpha 1. cause smooth muscle relaxation

MOA of conivaptan

ADH receptor antagonist

MOA of amoxicillin

inhibits transpeptidase

alprostadil

PGE1

epoprostenal

prostacyclin analog, used for pulmonary HTN

MOA of pradiloxamine

regenerates ACHE

MOA of atropine

competitive inhibitor of ACHE

adverse effects of GLP1 receptor agonists

acute pancreatitis

MOA of GLP1 agonists

-tide | stimulate insulin release, lower glucose levels, delays gastric emptying, given subQ

MOA of metformin

inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, increases peripheral glucose uptake. excreted by kidney

adverse effects of metformin

lactic acidosis, B12 deficiency, GI upset

MOA of sulfonyureas

increase release of insulin by depolarizing the K+ channel on beta cells

adverse effects of sulfonylureas

hypoglycemia, disulfiram like

what are the 3 sulfonylureas

glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

MOA of DDP4 inhibitors

end in gliptin | potentiates GLP1

adverse effects of DDP4 inhibitors

urinary infections, respiratory infections, pancreatitis, taken ORALLY

MOA of SGLT2 inhibitors

decrease reabsorption of glucose in PCT | -gliflozin

adverse effects of SGLT2 inhibitors

UTI, hyperkalemia, dehydration

alpha glucosidase inhibitors

acarbose, miglitol | inhibit intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidase- decrease reabsorption of glucose

adverse effects of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

GI upset, gas, bloating

MOA of thiazolinadiones

-glitazone | binds PPARa- increases insulin sensitivity

adverse effects of thiazolinadiones

heart failure, increased risk of fracture

MOA of amylin analogs

pramlinitide | synthetic amylin, helps insulin do its job

Leuprolide

GnRH agonist when given pulsatile, antagonist when given continuously

MOA of olanzapine

inhibits serotonin and dopamine type 2 receptors

MOA of bosenten

competitive antagonist of endothelin 1 receptors

side effects of Mu opioids

lowered blood pressure, constipation, respiratory depression, bronchoconstriction, increased prolactin, decreased LH, increased ICP,

tx of night terrors

benzos

signs of TCA overdose

flushed skin, mydriasis (dilated pupils), confusion, widened QRS

MOA of TCA

inhibit reuptake fo serotonin and NE in post synaptic cleft

adverse effects fo TCA

H1 antagonist: weight gain, sedation Alpha 1 antagonist: orthostatic hypotension muscarinic antagonist:

MOA of ethambutol

inhibits arabinosyl transferase

abortive therapies for migraines

NSAIDS, triptans, ergot

preventative meds for migraines

beta blockers, TCAs, valproate, topiramate

MOA of baclofen

GABAb receptor agonist

adenosine MOA

causes transient AV nodal block- treats SVT

side effect of ethosuzimide

SJS

nitroglycerin MOA

venodilator- decreased preload and SV

MOA of gentamicin

inhibits 30s subunit

adverse effects of gentamicin

causes CN 8 dysfunction in fetus

dimercarpol

used to treat mercury poisoning

maintenance dose

= Cl x CP / F