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Induction sequence > Drugs 101 > Flashcards

Drugs 101 Flashcards

Know the drugs for the test

1
Q

What is anesthesia

A

the absence or abolition of sensation/ NOT pain

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of general anesthesia

A

unconsciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation

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3
Q

Why do we give more than one drug?

A

no one drug provides optimal general anesthesia, so combination will help

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4
Q

Anesthesia is?

A

amnesia- induction, anxiolytics
analgesia- pain meds
skeletal muscle relaxation- vec, curare, succs

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5
Q

Why give meds pre op

A

given before had will reduce the amount that are needed to be given

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6
Q

Why do we give histamine receptor blockers

A

decrease dangers of asipration

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7
Q

What is useful about giving opioids pre-op

A

lowers the doses for MAC

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8
Q

Why do we pre-oxygenate

A

it lowers the danger of low blood O2, while not ventilating the patient

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9
Q

When pre-oxygenating what is the lowest you can have your flow?

A

5 liters

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10
Q

when will you not give propofol

A

in critically ill patients, low MET, and ASA greater than 4

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11
Q

Etomidate

A

may cause pain with injection
severe respiratory depressant
they may shake when they are going to sleep
It will not cause a drop in BP

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12
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Do not give with kidney failure, muscle diesease, or hx of MH

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13
Q

non-depolarizers

A

in addition to duration, they will vary in speed and onset and effects on vital signs

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14
Q

Cisatracurium

A 
shart acting non-depol
requires no kidney function to be broken down
minimal effects on BP and heart
useful in liver failure patients
can be given as an infusion.
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15
Q

Vecuronium

A 
short acting,
no effect on vitals
generic
longer duration with kidney and liver failure
sometime infusion
has to be mixed
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16
Q

Rocuronium

A

shortest acitng non-depol
expensive
no mixing
substitue for succs in RSI

17
Q

ISoflurane

A 
ether
cheap
potent
airway irritant
slightly soluble- so does not come off fast
not for inhalation induction
may increase hear rate
no toxic compounds produced
18
Q

desflurane

A 
ether
requires a special vaporizer
irritant
quickest off and on
not absorbed by fat so it is the best for bariatric surgeries, 
EXPENSIVe
cost minimized by gas flows
19
Q

sevofllurane

A

smells great
inhalation induction
requires 2L of gas flow to reduce risk of compund A
expensive

20
Q

Nitrous oxide

A 
analgesic gas
lowers MAC
reduces doses of opioids
increased PONV
contraindicated for many surgeries
works quick
has be replaced by air now more often
rots bone marrow with abuse
21
Q

Air

A

pure o2 is harmful
may lower some cost
minimal benefit of pure ox

22
Q

opioids

A

used in place of the term narcotics

acts in the brain, spinal cord, and periphery

23
Q

morhpine

A

all natural from poppy opium
provides- analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, nausea, itiching
used for post op pain

24
Q

fentanyl

A 
70-100X stronger, 
synthetic
respiratory depressant
reduces MAC
addictive
25
Q

sufentanil

A

most potent
infusion
big resp. depresent

26
Q

remifentanil

A 
shortest acting
given by infusion
respiratory depressant
reduces doeses of other anesthtics
usefull for neuro cases
27
Q

ketamine

A 
induction agent and analgesic
hallucinogenic
may raise BP
post op delirium
gives post op analgesia
28
Q

How do relaxant reversals work

A

inhibit acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholinine,
so greater amounts accumlate
the allows contration to return

29
Q

atropine

A

now is used in ACLS

30
Q

glycopryrrolate

A

doesn’t alter the brain, does not cross, BBB, like atropine, onset is slower than atropine

31
Q

ephedrine

A 
rasies BP andn HR
short duration
Directly and indirectly
alpha beta directly
indirect by cause release of catacholamines
32
Q

epinephrine

A

raises glucose levels

33
Q

steroids

A

they help fight stress
rasies glucose
lowers resistace to infection
lower ability of tissue to heal

34
Q

when does analgesia, amnesia and relzation end?

A

analgesia- ends due to opioid metablism exhaling gases
amnesia- ending occurs by exhaling anesthetic gases, metabolizing midazolam
relazation- ens by metabolixm and use of anticholinesterase drugs

35
Q

Transport time

A

Monitor the sicker patients

Always use O2

Induction sequence (5 decks)

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