Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USLME Step 1 > Drug Toxicities - First Aid 2014 > Flashcards

Drug Toxicities - First Aid 2014 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen?

A

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the antidote for AChE inhibitors/organophosphates?

A

Atropine (blocks effects of excess ACh) followed by pralidoxime (regenerates AChE).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the antidote for Amphetamines?

A

Weak base so give NH4Cl (acidify urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the antidote for anti-muscarinic/anti-cholinergic agents?

A 
Physostigmine salicylate (goes into CNS), control hyperthermia.
Overheating from loss of sweating. Unclear whether there is blocking of anterior hypothalamus (keeping body cool through parasym).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the antidote for benzodiazepines?

A

Flumazenil (competitive antagonist at GABA benzo receptor).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the antidote for beta-blockers?

A

Glucagon (it also activates cAMP through non-adrenergic pathway G protein receptors…therefore bypassing Beta blockade)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the antidote for carbon monoxide?

A

100% O2, hyperbaric O2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the antidote for copper?

A

Penicillamine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the antidote for cyanide?

A

Nitrite (converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which binds cyanide better) + thiosulfate (binds the cyanide-globin complex and is excreted in the urine) or hydroxocobalamin (has high affinity for cyanide).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the antidote for digitalis?

A

anti-dig Fab fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the antidote for Heparin?

A

Protamine sulfate (very cationic peptide that binds to negatively charged heparin and allows for urinary excretion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the antidote for iron?

A

DeFERoxamine, deFERrasirox.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the antidote for Lead?

A

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the antidote for Mercury?

A

diMERCaprol (BAL), succimer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the antidote for arsenic/gold?

A

Penicillamine, dimercaprol (BAL), succimer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the antidote for methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)?

A

Fomepizole (competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase) > ethanol, dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the antidote for methemoglobin?

A

Methylene blue (converts methemoglobin back to hemoglobin, decreasing half life of toxin from hours to minutes), Vitamin C.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the antidote for opioids?

A

Naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the antidote for salicylates?

A

it’s a weak acid so NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the antidote for TCAs?

A

it’s a weak acid so NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the antidote for tPA, streptokinase, urokinase?

A

Aminocaproic acid (lysine analogue that inhibits plasmin).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin?

A

Vitamin K, plasma (if bleeding to restore clotting factors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which drugs cause coronary vasospasm?

A

Cocaine, Sumatriptan, Ergot alkaloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which drugs cause cutaneous flushing?

A

Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca+2 channel blockers

VANC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which drugs cause dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Doxorubicin, daunorubicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which drugs cause torsades de pointes?

A

Class III (e.g. sotalol) and class IA (e.g. quinidine) antiarrhythmics, macrolide antibiotics, antipsychotics, TCAs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which drugs cause Adrenocortical insufficiency?

A

HPA suppression secondary to glucocorticoid withdrawal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which drugs cause hot flashes?

A

Tamoxifen, clomiphene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which drugs cause hyperglycemia?

A

Tacrolimus, Protease inhibitors, Niacin, Hydrochlorothiazide, B-blockers, Corticosteroids.
Taking Pills Necessitates Having Blood Checked

30
Q

Which drugs cause hypothyroidism?

A

Lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides

31
Q

Which drugs cause acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice?

A

Erythromycin

32
Q

Which drugs cause diarrhea?

A

Metformin, Erythromycin, Colchicine, Orlistat (lipase inhibitor…meant for obesity treatment), Acarbose
Might Excite Colon On Accident.

33
Q

Which drugs cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis?

A

Halothane, Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), Valproic Acid, Acetaminophen (HAVAc).

34
Q

Which drugs cause hepatitis?

A

isoniazid (INH)

35
Q

Which drugs cause pancreatitis?

A

Didanosine, Corticosteroids, Alcohol, Valproic acid, Azathioprine, Diuretics (foresomide, HCTZ).
Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress.

36
Q

Which drugs cause pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins.

Antibiotics predispose to superinfection by resistant C. difficile.

37
Q

Which drugs cause agranulocytosis?

A

Dapsone, Clozapine, Carbamazepine, Colchicine, Methimazole, Propylthiouracil.

Drugs CCCrush Myeloblasts and Promyelocytes.

38
Q

Which drugs cause aplastic anemia?

A

Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzene, Chloramphenicol, Propylthiouracil.

Can’t Make New Blood Cells Properly.

39
Q

Which drugs cause Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia?

A

Methyldopa, penicillin.

40
Q

Which drugs cause gray baby syndrome.

A

Chloramphenicol

41
Q

Which drugs cause hemolysis in G6PD deficiency?

A

Izoniazid, Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin.

Hemolysis IS D PAIN.

42
Q

Which drugs cause megaloblastic anemia?

A

Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs

Having a BLAST with PMS

43
Q

Which drugs cause thrombocytopenia?

A

Heparin, cimetidine

44
Q

Which drugs cause thrombotic complications?

A

OCPs (e.g. estrogens)

45
Q

Which drugs cause fat redistribution?

A

Protease Inhibitors, Glucocorticoids

FAT PIG.

46
Q

Which drugs cause gingival hyperplasia?

A

Phenytoin, verapamil, cyclosporin, nifedepine.

47
Q

Which drugs cause hyperuricemia (gout)?

A

Pyrazinamide, Thiazides, Furosemide, Niacin, Cyclosporine.

Painful Tophi and Feed Need Care.

48
Q

Which drugs cause myopathy?

A

Fibrates, niacin, colchine, hydroxychloroquine, interferon-alpha, penicillamine, statins, glucocorticoids.

49
Q

Which drugs cause osteoporosis?

A

Corticosteroids, heparin

50
Q

Which drugs cause photosensitivity?

A

Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines, 5-FU.

SAT For PHOTO.

51
Q

Which drugs cause Rash (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome)

A

Anti-epileptic drugs (ethosuximide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin, phenobarbital), Allopurinol, Sulfa drugs, Penicillin.
Steven Johnson has Epileptic ALLergy to Sulfa drugs and Penicillin.

52
Q

Which drugs cause SLE-like syndrome?

A

Sulfa drugs, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Phenytoin, Etanercept.
Having lupus is SHIPP-E.

Note: apparently also alpha-methyldopa

53
Q

Which drugs cause teeth discoloration?

A

Tetracyclines

54
Q

Which drugs cause tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage?

A

Fluoroquinolones.

55
Q

Which drugs cause Cinchonism?

A

Quinidine (class 1A anti-arrhythmic), quinine (for malaria).

Remember: symptoms include flushed and sweaty skin, ringing of ears, blurred vision, impaired hearing, confusion, headache, abdominal pain, rashes, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Cardiotoxicity and shock in large doses.

56
Q

Which drugs cause Parkinson-like syndrome?

A

Antipsychotics, Reserpine, Metoclopramide.

Cogwheel rigidity of ARM.

57
Q

Which drugs cause seizures?

A

Isoniazid (Vitamin B6 deficiency), Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin, Tramadol, Enflurane, Metoclopramide.

With seizures, I BITE My tongue

58
Q

Which drugs cause tardive dyskinesia?

A

Antipsychotics, metoclopramide.

59
Q

Which drugs cause diabetes insipidus?

A

Lithium, demeclocycline.

60
Q

Which drugs cause Fanconi syndrome?

A

Expired tetracycline.

61
Q

Which drugs cause hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide.

Prevent by coadministering with mesna (thiol group of mesna binds toxic metabolites).

62
Q

Which drugs cause interstitial nephritis?

A

Methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide

63
Q

Which drugs cause SIADH?

A

Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, SSRIs.

Can’t Concentrate Serum Sodium.

64
Q

Which drugs cause Dry Cough?

A

ACE inhibitors

65
Q

Which drugs cause pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Bleomycin, Amiodarone, Busulfan, Methotrexate.

Breathing Air Badly from Medications.

66
Q

Which drugs cause anti-muscarinic effects?

A

Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, anti-psychotics.

67
Q

Which drugs cause disulfiram-like reaction?

A

Metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st-generation sulfonylureas.

remember: it involves severe flushing, tachycardia, hypotension

68
Q

Which drugs cause nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatin.

69
Q

What are the inducers of cytochrome P-450?

A 
Inducers:
Chronic alcohol use
Modafinil
St. John's wort
Phenytoin
Phenobarbital
Nevirapine
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine

Mnemonic: chronic alcohol Mona steals phen-phen and never refuses greasy carbs.

70
Q

What are the inhibitors of the cytochrome P-450 system?

A 
Inhibitors: 
Acute alcohol abuse
Gemfibrozil
Ciprofloxacin
Isoniazid
Grapefruit juice
Quinidine 
Amiodarone
Ketoconazole (all azoles: fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole)
Macrolides
Sulfonamides 
Cimetidine
Ritonavir

A cute gentleman Cipped iced Grapefruit juice quickly and kept munching on soft cinammon rolls

71
Q

What are the substrates for P450 metabolism?

A 
Anti-epileptics
Anti-depressants
Anti-psychotics
Anesthetics
Theophylline
Warfarin
Statins
OCPs

Always, Always, Always, Always Think When Starting Orders.

72
Q

Which are the sulfa drugs and what do they cause?

A

Probenecid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, Suflonamide antibiotics, Sulfasalazine, Sulfonylureas. Popular FACTSSS.

Patients with sulfa allerges may develop: fever, UTI, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and urticaria (hives). Symptoms range from mild to life threatening.

USLME Step 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions