Drug Therapy Protocols Flashcards
Indications for Adrenaline
- Cardiac Arrest
- Severe Anaphylaxis
- Severe Life-threatening Bronchospasm
Contraindications for Adrenaline
Nil
Adult Dosages for Adrenaline - Cardiac Arrest, Severe Bronchospasm Anaphylaxis (IV & IM)
Cardiac arrest:
- (IV) 1mg repeated at 3-5 min intervals (NO MAX)
Anaphylaxis/ Severe Bronchospasm:
- (IM - Epipen) 300mcg single dose ONLY
- (IM) 500mcg repeated at 5 min intervals (NO MAX)
Paed Dosages for Adrenaline - Cardiac Arrest, Anaphylaxis and Severe Bronchospasm (IV & IM)
Cardiac Arrest:
- (IV) 10kg or more (over 1 year) 10mcg/kg repeated at 3-5 min intervals (NO MAX)
- (IV) Less than 10kg (excl. newborn) 100mcg repeated at 3-5 min intervals (NO MAX)
- (IV) Newborn 50mcg repeated at 3-5 min intervals (NO MAX)
Anaphylaxis/ Severe Bronchospasm:
- (IM - Epipen) >6 YO 300mcg single dose
- (IM - Epipen) <6 YO 150mcg single dose
- (IM) >6 YO 300mcg repeated at 5 min intervals (NO MAX)
- (IM) 1-6 YO 150mcg repeated at 5 min intervals (NO MAX)
- (IM) 6mnths - 1 YO 100mcg repeated at 5 min intervals (NO MAX)
- (IM) <6mnths - 50mcg repeated at 5 min intervals (NO MAX)
Indications for Aspirin
- Suspected ACS
- Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema
Contraindications for Aspirin
- Allergy or adverse reaction to aspiring or any NSAID
- Chest pain associated with psychostimulant OD
- Bleeding or clotting disorders
- Current GI bleeding or peptic ulcers
- Patients <18 YO
Adult Dosages for Aspirin (PO)
- (PO) 300mg (Daily max 300-450mg)
Indications for Ceftriaxone
- Suspected meningococcal septicaemia
Contraindications for Ceftriaxone
- Allergy or adverse drug reaction to cephalosporin antibiotics
- Known immediate or severe hypersensitivity to penicillin or carbapenem based drugs
- Patient >1mnth (consult)
Adult Dosages for Ceftriaxone (IM & IV)
- (IM) 2g (2x1g injections) single dose only
- (IV) 2g over 20 mins single dose only
- Refer document for more details & paeds concentration
Indications for Clopidogrel
- Patients with STEMI who have been accepted for pPCI
EITHER:
(as an adjunct medication to aspirin and heparin) WHEN the cardiologist requests clopidogrel
(patients who have received tenecteplase and have been administered aspirin and enoxaparin)
Contraindications for Clopidogrel
- Allergy or adverse drug reaction
- Patients contraindications for pre-hospital fibrinolysis
- Current clopidogrel OR ticagrelor therapy
- Patients <18 YO
- Active bleeding
- Prior intracranial haemorrhage
Adult Doses for Clopidogrel for request of intervening cardiologist and in addition to enoxaparin, aspirin and tenecteplase (PO)
- (PO) 600mg - where the intervening cardiologist has requested clopidogrel - pPCI (adjunct with aspirin and heparin)
- (PO) 300mg - patients who have received tenecteplase, enoxaparin and aspirin
Indications for Dexamethasone
- Croup
Contraindications for Dexamethasone
- Allergy or adverse drug reaction
- Children >6mnths or <6 YO (consult)
- Steroids within 4/24
Paed Dosage for Dexamethasone (PO)
- (PO) 6mnths - 6YO 0.3mg/kg (rounded to nearest 0.5ml)
* * Refer spreadsheet in database
Indications for Droperidol
- Acute behavioural disturbance with SAT Score >2
Contraindications for Droperidol
- Allergy or adverse drug reaction
- Parkinson’s disease
- Known lewy body dementia
- Previous dystonic reaction to droperidol
- Patients < 8 years
- Suspected sepsis (consult)
Adult dosages for Droperidol (IV & IM)
- (IM & IV) > 65 YO 5mg and can be repeated at 15 min (MAX 10mg)
- (IM & IV) 16-65 YO 10mg and can be repeated at 15 min (MAX 20mg)
- (IM & IV) 13-15 YO 0.1-0.2mg/kg (max 10mg) and can be repeated at 15 min (MAX 20MG)
- Consult for >65 AND 13-15 YO
Indications for Enoxaparin
- Patients with STEMI who have received tenecteplase (as an adjunct with aspirin and clopidogrel)
Contraindications for Enoxaparin
- Allergy or adverse reaction
- Patients contraindicated for pre-hospital fibrinolysis
Adult dosage for Enoxaparin (IV)
- (IV) loading dose of 30mg to be administered 15 mins before SUBCUT dose
- (IV) maintenance dose (1mg/kg - not to exceed 100mg) to be administered 15 min after loading dose
Indications for Fentanyl
- Significant Pain
- Autonomic dysreflexia (SBP >160mmHg)
- Morphine is preferred EXCEPT for haemodynamic instability, kidney disease, suspected ACS, allergy or adverse reaction
Contraindications for Fentanyl
- Allergy or adverse reaction
Adult dosages for Fentanyl (IM, IV & NAS)
- (IM & NAS) >70 YO 25-50mcg repeated at up to 50mcg every 10 mins (MAX 100mcg)
- (IM & NAS) <70 YO 25-100mcg repeated at up to 50mcg every 10 mins (MAX 200mcg)
- (IV) >70 YO 25mcg repeated at 15mcg every 5 mins (MAX 100mcg)
- (IV) <70 YO 25-50mcg repeated at up to 50mcg every 5 mins (MAX 200mcg)
Paed dosages for Fentanyl (NAS, IM, IV)
- (NAS) >1 YO 1.5mcg/kg (single max 50mcg) repeated once at 1mcg/kg at 10 mins (MAX 100mcg)
- (IM) >1 YO 1-2mcg/kg (single max 50mcg) (MAX 2mcg/kg)
- (IV) >1 YO 1mcg/kg (single max 25mcg) repeated at 0.5mcg/kg at 5 min intervals (MAX 2mcg/kg)
Indications for Glucagon
- Symptomatic hypoglycaemia (inability to self administer glucose)
- Refractory anaphylaxis with persistent hypotension/shock (unresponsive to 3x IM adrenaline and fluid challenge)
Contraindications for Glucagon
- Allergy or adverse reaction
Adult dosage for Glucagon with symptomatic hypoglycaemia and refractory anaphylaxis (IM & IV)
- (IM & IV) 1mg single dose only, reconstitute 1mg with 1ML of water for injection in 3mL syringe
Paed dosage for Glucagon with symptomatic hypoglycaemia and refractory anaphylaxis (IM)
- (IM & IV) >25kg 1mg single dose, reconstitute 1mg with 1ml of water in 3mL syringe
- (IM & IV) <25kg 0.5mg single dose, reconstitue 1mg with 2ml of water in 3ml syringe for concentration of (1mg/2mL - give 0.5mg/1mL)
Indications for Glucose Gel
- Symptomatic hypoglycaemia with ability to self admin
Contraindications for Glucose Gel
- Unconciousness
- Patients with difficulty swallowing
- Patients <2 YO
Adult & Paed dosages for Glucose Gel (PO)
- (PO) 15g repeated once at 15 min if BGL <4.0mmol/L (MAX 30G)
Indications for Glucose 10%
- Symptomatic hypoglycaemia (with the inability to self-administer oral glucose)
Contraindications for Glucose 10%
- Nil
Adult Dosage for Glucose 10% (IV)
- (IV) 15g (150mL) repeated at 10g/100mL boluses every 5 mins until BGL >4.0mmol/L
Indications for Glyceryl Trinitrate
- Suspected AC (with pain)
- Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
- Autonomic dysreflexia (SPB >160mmHg)
- Irukandji Syndrome (SBP >160mmHg)
Contraindications for Glyceryl Trinitrate
- Allergy or adverse reaction
- HR <50 or >150 bpm
- SBP <100mmHg
- Acute CVA
- Head trauma
- Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor medication admin (sildenafil, vardenafil 24/24 and tadalafil 48/24)
Indications for Heparin
- Patients with STEMI who have been accepted for pPCI (adjunct medication with aspirin and EITHER ticagrelor or clopidogrel)
Contraindications for Heparin
- Allergy or adverse drug reaction
- Patient <18 YO
- Active bleeding or clotting problem
- Prior intracranial haemorrhage
- Current use of anticoagulants e.g. warfarin
Adult dosages for Heparin (IV)
- (IV) 5000 units (or dose requested by the intervening cardiologist)
Indications for Hydrocortisone
- Asthma
- Acute exacerbation of COPD (evidence of respiratory distress)
- Refractory Anaphlyaxis with persistent wheeze (unresponsive to 3x IM adrenaline)
- Symptomatic adrenal insufficiency