drug therapy for hematopoietic disorders

Question 1

examples of hematopoietic disorders

Answer 1

sickle cell anemia, iron deficiency anemia

Question 2

how the blood is formed

Answer 2

hematopoietic

Question 3

blood forming stem cells

Answer 3

red, white, platelets

Question 4

hematopoietic growth factors

Answer 4

regulate the differentiation and proliferation of particular progenitor cells

Question 5

hematopoiesis

Answer 5

the blood is made by our own bodies, forms, break off red cells, white cells, and platelets

Question 6

hematopoietic cytokines

Answer 6

extracellular ligands that stimulate hematopoietic cells to differentiate into 8 principle types of blood cells; regulate many cellular activities, perform by binding to receptors on target cells

Question 7

what cellular activities do hematopoietic cytokines regulate

Answer 7

act as chemical messengers among cells, act as growth factors for blood cells

Question 8

colony stimulating factors (CSF) help stimulate production of

Answer 8

RBCs, platelets, granulocytes(macrophages), monocyte(macrophage), neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils,

Question 9

what do interferons do

Answer 9

inhibit replication of viral and other cells, activate natural killer cells

Question 10

what to interleukins affect

Answer 10

the immunologic cell response; stimulatory and suppressive

Question 11

what is erythropoietin

Answer 11

hormone stimulated by the kidneys

Question 12

what does erythropoietin stimulate

Answer 12

red bell cell differentiation, maturation, and proliferation

Question 13

what conditions will trigger erythropoietin

Answer 13

hemorrhage, anemia, COPD, high altitude

Question 14

what does the immune system to

Answer 14

detects and eliminates foreign substances that may cause tissue injury or disease; regulates tissue homeostasis and repair; identify and remove injured, damaged, dead or malignant cells

Question 15

WBCs (leukocytes) have what role

Answer 15

ability to circulate and migrate(major components of host defenses), important in phagocytic immune process

Question 16

what cells are WBCs

Answer 16

neutrophiles (40-70%), eosinophils (1-6%), monocytes (2-10%), lymphocytes (20-45%)

Question 17

immune function does what

Answer 17

indicates host production form a disease

Question 18

a high WBC count indicates what

Answer 18

infection, more WBCs are released in the body to help protect and fight against infection

Question 19

anemia definiton

Answer 19

lack of red blood cells or dysfunctional red blood cells in the body leading to low O2 flow to the tissues

Question 20

general s/sx of anemia

Answer 20

pallor, fatigue, SOB

Question 21

types of anemia

Answer 21

iron deficiency, pernicious, megaloblastic, sickle cell

Question 22

iron deficiency anemia seem in

Answer 22

menstruating women, pregnancy/ lactation, rapidly growing adolescents, GI bleed

Question 23

pernicious anemia is

Answer 23

rare <0.1%, deficiency of vitamin B12, tx IM B12 injections/ supplements

Question 24

megaloblastic anemia

Answer 24

larger than normal RBCs/ deficient number, s/sx: glossy red tongue/ diarrhea; deficiency of vitamin B12 +/or folate; tx IM B12 injections/ folic acid

Question 25

sickle cell anemia

Answer 25

exclusively in Africa Americans; hydroxyurea: antimetabolite (helps prevent formation of sickle shaped cells

Question 26

drug therapy hematopoietic disorders

Answer 26

immunostimulants; drugs that stimulate/ enhance the immune system by inducing activation or by increasing any of it's components/ used to restore normal function or to increase the ability of the immune system to eliminate harmful invaders

Question 27

erythropoiesis stimulating agents induce

Answer 27

erythropoiesis leading to increase hemoglobin and hematocrit levels

Question 28

examples of erythropoiesis stimulating agents

Answer 28

epoetin alpha, darbepoietin

Question 29

therapeutic action of erythropoiesis stimulating agents

Answer 29

stimulates the production of RBCs in bon marrow, tx of anemia in renal failure & cancer therapy & AIDS, helps avoid blood transfusion necessity

Question 30

pharmacokinetics of erythropoiesis stimulating agents

Answer 30

IV/SQ(prefilled syringe with air bubble), metabolized in serum and excreted in urine

Question 31

contraindications of erythropoiesis stimulating agents

Answer 31

uncontrolled hypertension, allergy, normal renal functioning

Question 32

nursing concern for erythropoiesis stimulating agents

Answer 32

monitor CBC for increase RBC, Hgb/hct, increase energy, exercise tolerance (do not use in pt with hub of 12 g/dL or normal renal function)

Question 33

granulocyte colony stimulating factors stimulate

Answer 33

blood cell production by bone marrow in pts with neutropenia (chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia, acute myeloid leukemia, cancer pts receiving bone marrow transplant or chronic idiopathic neutropenia)

Question 34

example medication of granulocyte colony stimulating factors

Answer 34

filgrastim

Question 35

therapeutic action of granulocyte colony stimulating factors

Answer 35

stimulates neutrophil progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in bone marrow = increase number of mature neutrophils

Question 36

pharmacokinetics of granulocyte colony stimulating factors

Answer 36

SQ/IV, completely absorbed over 4 days

Question 37

adverse effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factors

Answer 37

fatigue, flu like symptoms, bone pain, thrombocytopenia (bleeding gums/ ease of bruising)

Question 38

what Is neutropenia

Answer 38

too few neutrophils (chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia, acute myeloid leukemia, cancer pts receiving bone marrow transplant or chronic idiopathic neutropenia)

Question 39

what is iron deficiency anemia

Answer 39

lack of iron in the blood; iron is required to produce hemoglobin

Question 40

how to tx iron deficiency anemia

Answer 40

diet change; red meat, pork, poultry, seafood, beans, dark green veggies, dried fruits, high iron foods, breads, pasta

Question 41

medication examples for iron deficiency anemia

Answer 41

ferrous aspartate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous sulfate, iron dextran

Question 42

therapeutic actions of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 42

regain positive iron balance, tx of iron deficiency anemia

Question 43

pharmacokinetics for iron deficiency anemia

Answer 43

IV,PO, Z-track for IM (iron dextran), absorbed in small intestine

Question 44

contraindications of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 44

allergy, hemochromatosis, hemolytic anemia, PUD, colitis, enteritis, normal iron balance

Question 45

adverse effects of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 45

CNS effects, GI upsets

Question 46

oral administration of iron deficiency anemia

Answer 46

administer between meals (increase absorption/ ascordic adic can also increase absorption), If oral liquid use a straw (stains teeth), possible drug food interaction (antacids, eggs, milk, coffee, tea), and monitor GI activity (stomach upset/ bowel movements: iron is very constipating, may need stool softener)