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pharm exam 2 > drug therapy for hematopoietic disorders > Flashcards

drug therapy for hematopoietic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

examples of hematopoietic disorders

A

sickle cell anemia, iron deficiency anemia

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2
Q

how the blood is formed

A

hematopoietic

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3
Q

blood forming stem cells

A

red, white, platelets

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4
Q

hematopoietic growth factors

A

regulate the differentiation and proliferation of particular progenitor cells

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5
Q

hematopoiesis

A

the blood is made by our own bodies, forms, break off red cells, white cells, and platelets

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6
Q

hematopoietic cytokines

A

extracellular ligands that stimulate hematopoietic cells to differentiate into 8 principle types of blood cells; regulate many cellular activities, perform by binding to receptors on target cells

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7
Q

what cellular activities do hematopoietic cytokines regulate

A

act as chemical messengers among cells, act as growth factors for blood cells

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8
Q

colony stimulating factors (CSF) help stimulate production of

A

RBCs, platelets, granulocytes(macrophages), monocyte(macrophage), neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils,

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9
Q

what do interferons do

A

inhibit replication of viral and other cells, activate natural killer cells

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10
Q

what to interleukins affect

A

the immunologic cell response; stimulatory and suppressive

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11
Q

what is erythropoietin

A

hormone stimulated by the kidneys

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12
Q

what does erythropoietin stimulate

A

red bell cell differentiation, maturation, and proliferation

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13
Q

what conditions will trigger erythropoietin

A

hemorrhage, anemia, COPD, high altitude

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14
Q

what does the immune system to

A

detects and eliminates foreign substances that may cause tissue injury or disease; regulates tissue homeostasis and repair; identify and remove injured, damaged, dead or malignant cells

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15
Q

WBCs (leukocytes) have what role

A

ability to circulate and migrate(major components of host defenses), important in phagocytic immune process

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16
Q

what cells are WBCs

A

neutrophiles (40-70%), eosinophils (1-6%), monocytes (2-10%), lymphocytes (20-45%)

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17
Q

immune function does what

A

indicates host production form a disease

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18
Q

a high WBC count indicates what

A

infection, more WBCs are released in the body to help protect and fight against infection

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19
Q

anemia definiton

A

lack of red blood cells or dysfunctional red blood cells in the body leading to low O2 flow to the tissues

20
Q

general s/sx of anemia

A

pallor, fatigue, SOB

21
Q

types of anemia

A

iron deficiency, pernicious, megaloblastic, sickle cell

22
Q

iron deficiency anemia seem in

A

menstruating women, pregnancy/ lactation, rapidly growing adolescents, GI bleed

23
Q

pernicious anemia is

A

rare <0.1%, deficiency of vitamin B12, tx IM B12 injections/ supplements

24
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

larger than normal RBCs/ deficient number, s/sx: glossy red tongue/ diarrhea; deficiency of vitamin B12 +/or folate; tx IM B12 injections/ folic acid

25
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

exclusively in Africa Americans; hydroxyurea: antimetabolite (helps prevent formation of sickle shaped cells

26
Q

drug therapy hematopoietic disorders

A

immunostimulants; drugs that stimulate/ enhance the immune system by inducing activation or by increasing any of it’s components/ used to restore normal function or to increase the ability of the immune system to eliminate harmful invaders

27
Q

erythropoiesis stimulating agents induce

A

erythropoiesis leading to increase hemoglobin and hematocrit levels

28
Q

examples of erythropoiesis stimulating agents

A

epoetin alpha, darbepoietin

29
Q

therapeutic action of erythropoiesis stimulating agents

A

stimulates the production of RBCs in bon marrow, tx of anemia in renal failure & cancer therapy & AIDS, helps avoid blood transfusion necessity

30
Q

pharmacokinetics of erythropoiesis stimulating agents

A

IV/SQ(prefilled syringe with air bubble), metabolized in serum and excreted in urine

31
Q

contraindications of erythropoiesis stimulating agents

A

uncontrolled hypertension, allergy, normal renal functioning

32
Q

nursing concern for erythropoiesis stimulating agents

A

monitor CBC for increase RBC, Hgb/hct, increase energy, exercise tolerance (do not use in pt with hub of 12 g/dL or normal renal function)

33
Q

granulocyte colony stimulating factors stimulate

A

blood cell production by bone marrow in pts with neutropenia (chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia, acute myeloid leukemia, cancer pts receiving bone marrow transplant or chronic idiopathic neutropenia)

34
Q

example medication of granulocyte colony stimulating factors

A

filgrastim

35
Q

therapeutic action of granulocyte colony stimulating factors

A

stimulates neutrophil progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in bone marrow = increase number of mature neutrophils

36
Q

pharmacokinetics of granulocyte colony stimulating factors

A

SQ/IV, completely absorbed over 4 days

37
Q

adverse effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factors

A

fatigue, flu like symptoms, bone pain, thrombocytopenia (bleeding gums/ ease of bruising)

38
Q

what Is neutropenia

A

too few neutrophils (chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia, acute myeloid leukemia, cancer pts receiving bone marrow transplant or chronic idiopathic neutropenia)

39
Q

what is iron deficiency anemia

A

lack of iron in the blood; iron is required to produce hemoglobin

40
Q

how to tx iron deficiency anemia

A

diet change; red meat, pork, poultry, seafood, beans, dark green veggies, dried fruits, high iron foods, breads, pasta

41
Q

medication examples for iron deficiency anemia

A

ferrous aspartate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous sulfate, iron dextran

42
Q

therapeutic actions of iron deficiency anemia

A

regain positive iron balance, tx of iron deficiency anemia

43
Q

pharmacokinetics for iron deficiency anemia

A

IV,PO, Z-track for IM (iron dextran), absorbed in small intestine

44
Q

contraindications of iron deficiency anemia

A

allergy, hemochromatosis, hemolytic anemia, PUD, colitis, enteritis, normal iron balance

45
Q

adverse effects of iron deficiency anemia

A

CNS effects, GI upsets

46
Q

oral administration of iron deficiency anemia

A

administer between meals (increase absorption/ ascordic adic can also increase absorption), If oral liquid use a straw (stains teeth), possible drug food interaction (antacids, eggs, milk, coffee, tea), and monitor GI activity (stomach upset/ bowel movements: iron is very constipating, may need stool softener)

pharm exam 2 (8 decks)

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