DRUG TESTING Flashcards
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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (LABORATORY) – DRUG TESTING
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Study of the adverse effects of Xenobiotics in humans
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Xenobiotics are chemicals or drugs that are not normally found in
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or produced in the body
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Measures 3 groups:
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Specific Agents
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Therapeutic drugs
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value is l
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Drug of abuse
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Amphetamines
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Anabolic Steroids
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Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
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Cannabinoids
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Cocaine
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Opiates
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Phencyclidine
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Sedatives-Hypnotics
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TOXICOLOGY
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In drug overdose
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it is essential to identify the responsible agent to
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ensure appropriate and timely treatment
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DRUG OF ABUSE
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In similar manner
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identification of drug abuse in non-overdose
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situations provides a rationale for treatment of addiction
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1) Immunoassay
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In stages: sCREENING and CONFIRMATORY
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TEST METHODS:(sCREENINC)
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DRUG TESTING
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(EMIT)
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Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
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Enzyme-multiplied
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2.) Chromatography
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Fluorescence Polarization
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Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
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Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
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Gas Chromatography (c)
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Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
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Immunoassay Technique
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(damo ulubrahon for Chromatography
damo preparation; not
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frequently used)
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TEST METHODS: (coNFIRMATORY)
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Hyphenated technique
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Donor
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Collection Site
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→ Combination of 2 sophisticated techniques (GC-MS) -
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most accepted; usually used Confirmatory Test
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Modern and acceptable techniques (LC-MS
GC-MS MS
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LC-MS-MS)
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CHAIN OF CUSTODY
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Refers to the documentation of who had possession of the
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evidence
from the time of collection to the time of analysis and
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beyond
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4 copies:
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a) Check the request
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b)
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d)
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Screening Lab
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Confimatory Laboratory
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c) Checklist is provided in the forms to be signed by the donor
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collection should be observed for males and unobserved for
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females to prevent tampering
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i.
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The sample is sealed
and the seal is signed
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PRINCIPLE:
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Urine Test Drug Screen Cassette
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Method: Immunochromatography
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COLLECTION PROCEDURE
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Competitive Binding
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INVALID
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SCREENING TEST
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OTHER INFORMATION:
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Drugs which may be present in the urine specimen
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compete against their respective drug conjugate for
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binding sites on their specific antibody
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A drug
if present in the specimen below its cut-off
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concentration
will not saturate the binding sites of its
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specific antibody. The antibody will then react with the
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drug-protein conjugate and a visible colored line will show
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up in the test line region of the specific drug strip
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The presence of drug above the cut-off concentration will
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saturate all the binding sites of the antibody. Therefore
the
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colored line will not form in the test line region
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Amphetamines (AMP)
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Barbiturates (BAR)
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Benzodiazepines (820)
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Buprenorphine (BUP)
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Cocaine (coc)
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POSITIVE
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NEGATIVE
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Specimen: Urine
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If urine has visible particles
centrifuge
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to settle to obtain a clear supernatant for testing
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Urine can be stored at 2-8c for 48 hours. For longer
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storage
freeze below -20°C
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LIST OF DRUGS THAT CAN BE TESTED
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Marijuana (THC)
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Methadone (MTD)
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Methamphetamine
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(MET)
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Morphine (MOP)
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Opiate (oPI)
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PROCEDURE
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Bring the pouch to room temperature before opening. Remove
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Phencyclidine (PCP)
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Propoxyphene (POP)
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Tricyclic Antidepressants
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(TCA)
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Methyldioxymethamp
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hetamines(MDMA)
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the test device from the pouch and use it ASAP
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Hold the dropper vertically and transfer 3 full drops of urine to
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each specimen well
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Read the results at 5 minutes Do not read the results AFTER 10
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minutes
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INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
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A colored line in the control region only
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A colored line in both the control and test region. Even
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if faint
it should be considered negative
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No colored line in the control region
