Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GAP1 > Drug Sheets > Flashcards

Drug Sheets Flashcards

1
Q

Fentanyl pharmacology

A 
A synthetic opioid analgesic
CNS effects 
 -depression leading to analgesia
 -respiratory depression
 -dependence (addiction)
Cardiovascular effects
 -decreases conduction velocity through the AV node
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fentanyl - primary indications

A
  1. Sedation the facilitate intubation
  2. Sedation to maintain intubation
  3. Analgesia - IV/IN
    - history of hypersensitivity
    - known renal impairment/failure
    - short duration of action desirable
    - hypotension
    - nausea and/or vomiting
    - severe headache
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fentanyl - contraindications

A
  1. History of hypersensitivity

2. Late second stage of labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fentanyl - precautions

A
  1. Elderly/frail pts
  2. Impaired hepatic functions
  3. Respiratory depression. Eg COPD
  4. Current asthma
  5. Patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors
  6. Known addiction to opioids
  7. Rhinitis, rhinorrhea or facial trauma (IN)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fentanyl - side effects

A
  • Respiratory depression
  • Apnoea
  • Rigidity of the diaphragm & intercostal muscles
  • Bradycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fentanyl action times

A 
IV 
Onset: immediate 
Peak: <5min 
Duration: 30-60 minutes
IN 
Peak: 2 minutes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GTN pharmacology

A

Principally a vascular smooth muscle relaxant
Actions:
- venous dilatation promotes venous pooling and reduces venous return to the heart (reduces preload)
- arterial dilatation reduces systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure (reduces afterload)
The effects of the above are:
- reduced myocardial O2 demand
- reduced systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, whilst usually maintaining coronary perfusion pressure
- mild collateral coronary arterial dilatation may improve blood supply to ischaemic areas of myocardium
-mil tachycardia secondary to slight fall in blood pressure
-preterm labour: uterine quiescence in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GTN indications

A
  1. chest pain with ACS
  2. acute LVF
  3. hypertension associated with ACS
  4. autonomic dysreflexia
  5. preterm labour (consult)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GTN contraindications

A
  1. known hypersensitivity
  2. systolic BP <110 tablet
  3. systolic BP <90 patch
  4. viagra levitra <24 hours, cialis <4days (PDE5 inhibitors)
  5. heart rate >150
  6. bradycardia <50 (excluding autonomic dysreflexia)
  7. VT
  8. inferior STEMI with BP <160
  9. Right ventricular MI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

GTN precautions

A
  1. no previous administration
  2. elderly patients
  3. recent MI
  4. concurrent use with other tocolytics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

GTN side effects

A 
tachycardia 
hypotension
headache 
skin flushing (uncommon)
bradycardia (occasionally)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GTN action times

A 
S/L
onset: 30 seconds-2 minutes 
peak: 5-10 minutes
duration: 15-30 minutes 
Patch
onset: up to 30 minutes
peak: 2 hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aspirin pharmacology

A

An analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation agent
Actions:
- to minimise platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in order to retard the progression of coronary artery thrombosis in ACS
- inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins - anti-inflammatory actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aspirin indications

A
  1. ACS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aspirin contraindications

A
  1. hypersensitivity to aspirin/salicylates
  2. actively bleeding peptic ulcers
  3. bleeding disorders
    4, suspected dissecting aortic aneurysm
  4. chest pain associated with psychostimulant OD if BP >160
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aspirin precautions

A
  1. peptic ulcer
  2. asthma
  3. patients on anticoagulants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aspirin side effects

A

gastrointestinal bleeding, heartburn, nausea
increased bleeding time
hypersensitivity reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aspirin action times

A

onset: n/a
peak: n/a
duration: 8-10days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Midazolam pharmacology

A

short acting CNS depressant

  • anxiolytic
  • sedative
  • anticonvulsant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Midazolam indications

A
  1. status epilepticus
  2. sedation to enable intubation (RSI/IFS)
  3. post intubation sedation
  4. sedation to enable synchronised cardioversion
  5. sedation in the agitated patient (mental health act)
  6. sedation in psychostimulant OD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Midazolam contraindications

A
  1. hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Midazolam precautions

A
  1. reduced doses may be required for the elderly/frail, pts with chronic renal failure, CCF or shock.
  2. the CNS depressant effects of benzos are enhanced in the presence of narcotics and other tranquilisers including alcohol.
  3. can cause severe respiratory depression in pts with COPD
  4. patients with myasthenia gravis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Midazolam side effects

A

depressed level of consciousness
respiratory depression
loss of airway control
hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Midazolam action times

A

IM

onset: 3-5 minutes
peak: 15 minutes
duration: 30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Adrenaline pharmacology

A

A naturally occurring alpha and beta-adrenergic stimulant

  • increases HR by increasing SA node firing rate (beta 1)
  • increases conduction velocity through the AV node (beta1)
  • increases myocardial contractility (beta 1)
  • increases the irritability of the ventricles (beta1)
  • causes bronchodilatation (beta 2)
  • causes peripheral vasoconstriction (alpha)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Adrenaline indications

A
  1. Cardiac arrest-VF/VT, asystole or PEA
  2. Inadequate perfusion (cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic/non-hypovolaemic)
  3. Anaphylaxis
  4. Severe asthma - imminent life threat not responding to nebuliser therapy, or unconscious with no BP
  5. Croup
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Adrenaline Contraindications

A
  1. Hypovolaemic shock without adequate fluid replacement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Adrenaline Precautions

A
  1. Elderly/frail patients
  2. Patients with cardiovascular
  3. Patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors
  4. Higher doses may be required for patients on beta blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Adrenaline Side effects

A 
Sinus tachycardia
Supraventrivular arrhythmias
Ventricular arrhythmias
Hypertension 
Pupillary dilatation 
May increase size of MI
Feelings of anxiety and palpitations in the conscious pt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Adrenaline action times

A

IV
Onset: 30seconds
Peak: 3-5 minutes
Duration: 5-10minutes

IM
onset: 30-90 seconds
Peak: 4-10 minutes
Duration: 5-10 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ceftriaxone pharmacology

A

Cephalosporin antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ceftriaxone indications

A
  1. Suspected meningococcal septicaemia

2. Severe sepsis(consult only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ceftriaxone contraindications

A

Allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics

34
Q

Ceftriaxone precautions

A

Allergy to penicillin antibiotics

35
Q

Ceftriaxone side effects

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Skin rash

36
Q

Ceftriaxone dilution IM/IV

A

IV - made up into 10ml using sterile water and administered over 2 minutes
IM - made up into 4ml using 1% lignocaine and administered in lateral upper thigh

37
Q

Dextrose 10% onset

A

3 minutes

38
Q

Glucagon onset & duration

A

Onset - 5minutes

Duration -25 minutes

39
Q

Glucagon pharmacology

A

A hormone normally secreted by the pancreas

- causes an increase in blood glucose concentration by converting stored liver glycogen to glucose

40
Q

Ipratrpium bromide pharmacology

A

Anticholinergic bronchodilator
-allows bronchodilatation by inhibiting cholinergic bronchomotor (ie blocks vagal reflexes which mediate bronchoconstriction)

41
Q

Ipratropium bromide indications

A
  1. Severe respiratory distress associated with bronchospasm

2. exacerbation of COPD irrespective of severity

42
Q

Ipratropium bromide contraindications

A
  1. Known hypersensitivity to atropine or its derivatives
43
Q

Ipratropium bromide precautions

A
  1. glaucoma

2. Avoid contact with eyes

44
Q

Ipratropium bromide side effects

A 
Headache
Nausea
Dry mouth 
Skin rash
Tachycardia (rare)
Palpitations (rare)
Acute angle closure glaucoma secondary to direct eye contact (rare)
45
Q

Ipratropium bromide action times

A

Onset 3-5 minutes
Peak 1.5-2 hours
Duration 6hours

46
Q

Ketamine pharmacology

A

A rapid acting dissociative anaesthetic agent (primarily an NMDA receptor antagonist)
>produces a dissociative state characterised by:
- a trance like state with eyes open but not responsive
- nystagmus
- profound analgesia
- normal pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes
- normal or slightly enhanced skeletal muscle tone
- occasionally a transient and minimal respiratory depression

47
Q

Ketamine primary emergency indication

A
  1. Rapid sequence intubation
  2. Extreme traumatic pain refractory to opioid analgesia
  3. Extreme agitation
  4. CPR interfering patient
48
Q

Ketamine contraindications

A
  1. Known hypersensitivity

2. Severe hypertension (>180)

49
Q

Ketamine precautions

A
  1. Any condition where significant elevation of BP would be hazardous
    - hypertension
    - CVA
    - recent AMI
    - CCF
  2. If being administered for analgesia, inject slowly over 1min to minimise risk of respiratory depression and hypertension
50
Q

Ketamine side effects

A 
Cardiovascular:
- Increased BP and HR 
CNS:
- Respiratory depression 
- Emergence reactions 
- Enhanced skeletal tone 
- N&amp;V
Ocular:
- Diplopia and nystagmus with slight increase in intraoccular pressure 
Other: 
- Local pain at injection site
- Lacrimation 
- Salivation
51
Q

Ketamine action times

A

IV effects:
Onset 30seconds
Peak N/A
Duration 10 minutes

IM effects:
Onset 3-4 minutes
Peak

52
Q

Misoprostol pharmacology

A

A synthetic prostaglandin

- enhances uterine contractions

53
Q

Misoprostol indications

A

Primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH)
> blood loss >500 ml in <24hrs from birth
>use if fundus massage not successful and mother has emptied bladder and the fundus is not firm

54
Q

Misoprostol contraindications

A
  1. Allergy to prostaglandins

2. Exclude multiple pregnancy before drug administration

55
Q

Misoprostol precautions

A

Hx of asthma

56
Q

Misoprostol Side effects

A

Hyperpyrexia
Shivering
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea

57
Q

Morphine pharmacology

A 
An opiod analgesic 
CNS
- depression (leading to analgesia) 
- respiratory depression 
- depression of cough reflex 
- stimulation (changes in mood, euphoria or dysphoria, vomiting, pinpoint pupils) 
- dependence (addiction)
Cardiovascular 
- vasodilatation
- decrease in conduction velocity through the A-V node
58
Q

Morphine indications

A
  1. Pain relief
  2. Acute LVF with SOB and full field crackles
  3. Sedation to maintain intubation
  4. Sedation to enable intubation
  5. RSI
59
Q

Morphine contraindications

A
  1. History of hypersensitivity
  2. Renal impairment/failure
  3. Late second stage of labour
60
Q

Misoprostol action times

A

Onset : 8-10 minutes
Peak: N/a
Duration: 2-3 hours

61
Q

Morphine precautions

A
  1. Elderly/frail pts
  2. Hypotension
  3. Respiratory depression
  4. Current asthma
  5. Respiratory tract burns
  6. Known addiction to opioids
  7. Acute alcoholism
  8. Patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors
62
Q

Morphine side effects

A 
CNS 
- drowsiness
- respiratory depression 
- euphoria 
- N&amp;V
- addiction 
- pinpoint pupils 
Cardiovascular 
- hypotension 
- bradycardia
63
Q

Morphine action times

A

IV effects
Onset: 2-5 minutes
Peak: 10 minutes
Duration: 1-2 hours

IM effects
Onset: 10-30 minutes
Peak: 30-60 minutes
Duration: 1-2 hours

64
Q

Methoxyflurane pharmacology

A

Inhalational analgesic agent at low concentrations

65
Q

Methoxyflurane indications

A

Pain relief

66
Q

Methoxyflurane contraindications

A
  1. Pre-existing renal disease/renal impairment
  2. Concurrent use of tetracycline antibiotics
  3. Exceeding total dose of 6ml in a 24hr period
  4. Personal or family hx of malignant hyperthermia
  5. Muscular dystrophy
67
Q

Methoxyflurane precautions

A
  1. The penthrox inhaler must be hand held by the patients so that if unconsciousness occurs it will fall from the patients face. Occasionally the operator may need to assist but continually assess the level of consciousness.
  2. Pre-eclampsia
  3. Concurrent use with oxytocin may cause hypotension
68
Q

Methoxyflurane side effects

A

Drowsiness
Decrease in blood pressure and bradycardia (rare)
Exceeding the maximum total dose of 6ml in a 24hr period may lead to renal toxicity

69
Q

Methoxyflurane action times

A

Onset 8-10 breaths

Duration 25minutes

70
Q

Naloxone pharmacology

A

An opioid antagonist

- prevents or reverses the effects of opioids

71
Q

Naloxone indications

A

Altered conscious state and respiratory depression secondary to administration of opioids or related drugs

72
Q

Naloxone contraindication

A

Nil significance of the indications

73
Q

Naloxone precautions

A
  1. If patient is known to be physically dependent on opioids, be prepared for a combative patient after administration
  2. Neonates
74
Q

Naloxone side effects

A

Symptoms of opioid withdrawal

  • sweating, goose flesh, tremor
  • nausea and vomiting
  • agitation
  • dilatation of pupils, excessive lacrimation
  • convulsions
75
Q

Naloxone action times

A 
IV effects 
Onset: 1-3 minutes 
Peak: n/a
Duration: 30-45 minutes 
IM effects
Onset: 1-3 minutes 
Peak: n/a
Duration: 30-45 minutes
76
Q

Ondansetron pharmacology

A

Anti-emetic

5HT3 antagonist which blocks receptors both centrally and peripherally

77
Q

Ondansetron indications

A
  1. Undifferentiated nausea and vomiting
  2. Prophylaxis for spinally immobilised or eye injured patients
  3. Vestibular nausea in patients <21 years of age
78
Q

Ondansetron contraindications

A
  1. Known hypersensitivity
  2. Concurrent apomorphine use
  3. Known long QT syndrome
  4. Hypokalaemia or hypomagnesaemia
79
Q

Ondansetron precautions

A
  1. Patients with liver disease should not receive more than 8mg of ondansetron per day
  2. Care should be taken with patients on diuretics who may have an underlying electrolyte imbalances
  3. Ondansetron contains aspartame and should not be given to patients with phenylketonuria
  4. Concurrent use of tramadol
  5. Pregnancy
80
Q

Ondansetron action times

A

Oral
Onset: 2 minutes
Peak: 20minutes
Duration: 120 minutes

GAP1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions