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NBEMSA > Drug Profiles > Flashcards

Drug Profiles Flashcards

1
Q

Nitroglycerin : Drug Classification

A

Vasodilator/Nitrate

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2
Q

Nitroglycerin: Mechanism Of Action

A

Vascular smooth cell relaxation (in arterioles) causing a decrease in cardiac preload and afterload, vasodilation of coronary arteries leads to increased oxygen delivery.

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3
Q

Nitroglycerin: Onset Of Action

A

1-3 minutes SL

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4
Q

Nitroglycerin: Peak Effects

A

5-10 minutes SL

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5
Q

Nitroglycerin: Duration Of Effect

A

20-30 minutes SL

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6
Q

Nitroglycerin: Half-Life

A

1-4 minutes

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7
Q

Nitroglycerin: Indications/Field Use

A

Chest pain associated with angina or MI.

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8
Q

Nitroglycerin: Contraindications

A

Hypotension (BP below 100 systolic); Erectile dysfunction drugs w/in 48 hours.

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9
Q

Nitroglycerin: Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

Headache, dizziness, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, rash, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting

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10
Q

Nitroglycerin: Dose & Route (Adult)

A

0.4mg SL (tablet or spray) q 3-5min until effect achieved or bp drops (max 3 doses)

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11
Q

Nitroglycerin: Dose & Route (Pedi)

A

Not indicated

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12
Q

Nitroglycerin: Precautions

A

Expect headache from vasodilation; Request ALS intercept; This medication may only be administered if it is prescribed to the patient.

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13
Q

Nitroglycerin: Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Orthostatic hypotension with B-blockers; severe hypotension with alcohol.

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14
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Drug Classification

A

Opiate Antagonist/Antidote

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15
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Mechanism Of Action

A

Competitive opiate receptor antagonist –> displaces narcotic molecules, has greater affinity for receptor site, but shorter duration.

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16
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Onset Of Action

A

2-10 minutes

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17
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Peak Effects

A

2-10 minutes

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18
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Duration Of Effect

A

20-120 minutes

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19
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Half-Life

A

60-90 minutes

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20
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Indications/Field Use

A

Respiratory depression caused by narcotics/opiates

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21
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Contraindications

A

None

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22
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

hypotension, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, seizures, dysrhythmias

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23
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Dose & Route (Adult+Pedi):

A

2-4 mg IN, q 3-5 minutes with a max of 2 doses

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24
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Precautions

A

May induce withdrawal in newborn infants with addicted mothers. Oral opiates may require higher doses of naloxone for reversal. After 2nd dose consider calling medical control is breathing remains inadequate. Patients may wake up combative.

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25
Q

Naloxone (Narcan, Evizo): Drug-Drug Interactions

A

May induce withdrawal on opiate-dependent patient

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26
Q

Oxygen: Drug Classification

A

Gas

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27
Q

Oxygen: Mechanism Of Action

A

Enters body via respiratory system, transported to cells by hemoglobin, required for efficient breakdown of glucose into usable energy

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28
Q

Oxygen: Onset Of Action

A

Immediate

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29
Q

Oxygen: Peak Effects

A

< 1 min inhaled

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30
Q

Oxygen: Duration Of Effect

A

< 2 min inhaled

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31
Q

Oxygen: Half-Life

A

N/A

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32
Q

Oxygen: Indications/Field Use

A

Hypoxia; Difficulty breathing; SpO2 < 94%

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33
Q

Oxygen: Contraindications

A

ROSC post cardiac arrest with SpO2 > 94%. Chest pain, acute MI, suspected cellular injury and death with SpO2 > 94%

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34
Q

Oxygen: Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

Free radical formation in the presence of injured tissues, causing secondary cell death

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35
Q

Oxygen: Dose & Route (Adult+Pedi):

A

(ADULT: 2-6LPM NC, 12-15LPM NRB, 15LPM BVM; CPAP Varies by O2 demand to meet cmH2O requirement) (PEDI: 2-6LPM NC, 10-15LPM NRB, 15LPM BVM)

36
Q

Oxygen: Precautions

A

Avoid hyperoxia; High concentrations to neonates can cause eye damage; keep away from open flame. DO NOT WITHHOLD OXYGEN FROM PATIENTS IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

37
Q

Oxygen: Drug-Drug Interactions

A

None in EMS

38
Q

Oral Glucose: Drug Classification

A

Carbohydrate

39
Q

Oral Glucose: Mechanism Of Action

A

Raises blood glucose by absorption through oral or intestinal mucosa

40
Q

Oral Glucose: Onset Of Action

A

2-5 minutes

41
Q

Oral Glucose: Peak Effects

A

2-5 minutes

42
Q

Oral Glucose: Duration Of Effect

A

2-5 minutes

43
Q

Oral Glucose: Half-Life

A

5 minutes

44
Q

Oral Glucose: Indications/Field Use

A

Altered level of consciousness due to hypoglycemia

45
Q

Oral Glucose: Contraindications

A

Decreased level of consciousness –> Inability to protect airway or follow commands

46
Q

Oral Glucose: Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

Nausea, vomiting

47
Q

Oral Glucose: Dose & Route (Adult)

A

15g (one tube) PO

48
Q

Oral Glucose: Dose & Route (Pedi)

A

15g (one tube) PO

49
Q

Oral Glucose: Precautions

A

Patient must be able to swallow and follow commands

50
Q

Oral Glucose: Drug-Drug Interactions

A

None

51
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Drug Classification

A

Sympathetic agonist / Catecholamine / Sympathomimetic

52
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Mechanism Of Action

A

a2 agonist–>peripheral vasoconstriction–>Increased BP; B2 agonist–>increases force of contraction (inotropy), increased heart rate (chronotropy), increases the speed of electrical conduction (dromotrope); B2 agonist–>bronchial smooth muscle relaxation–> bronchodilation

53
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Onset Of Action

A

3-10 minutes IM

54
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Peak Effects

A

20 minutes IM

55
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Duration Of Effect

A

20-30 minutes IM

56
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Half-Life

A

5 minutes

57
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Indications/Field Use

A

Anaphylaxis

58
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Contraindications

A

None EMS

59
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

Anxiety, headache, dysrhythmias, tremulousness, dizziness, nausea+vomiting

60
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Precautions

A

Should be kept in temperature-controlled environment; Verify ALS is enroute.

61
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin, Epipen, Epipen. JR): Drug-Drug Interactions

A

None for BLS

62
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Drug Classification

A

Sympathomimetic / Sympathetic agonist (B2 selective)

63
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Mechanism Of Action

A

B2 agonist –> promotes sympathetic stimulation of bronchial smooth muscle cells, causing smooth muscle relaxation –> bronchodilation

64
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Onset of Action

A

5-15 minutes

65
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Peak Effects

A

1-1.5 hours

66
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Duration Of Effect

A

3-6 hours

67
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Half-Life

A

<3 hours

68
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Indications/Field Use

A

Asthma attack, COPD Exacerbation, Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)

69
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Contrainidications

A

Symptomatic tachycardia

70
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

Tachycardia, anxiety, headache, palpitations, sweating, dizziness, nervousness, tremor, hypertension, dysrhythmias, chest pain, nausea+vomiting

71
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Dose & Route: Metered-Dose Inhaler (Adult+Pedi)

A

1-2 puffs of prescribed MDI q 5 min.

72
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Dose & Route: Nebulized Medication (SVN) (Adult+Pedi)

A

2.5mg nebulized w/oxygen 8LPM q 5 min.

73
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Precautions

A

Blood pressure and heart rate should be monitored; This medication may only be administered if it belongs to the patient

74
Q

Albuterol Sulfate: Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Side effects may increase with other sympathetic agonists; B blockers may blunt effects of this drug

75
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Drug Classification

A

Platelet aggregation inhibitor/anti-inflammatory

76
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Mechanism Of Action

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking the formation of Thromboxane A2 –> reducing additional clot formation

77
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Onset of Action

A

5-30 minutes

78
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Peak Effects

A

15-120 minutes

79
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Duration of Effect

A

1-4 hours

80
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Half-Life

A

15-20 minutes

81
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Indications/Field Use

A

Chest pain suggestive of AMI/ACS

82
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Contraindications

A

Active GI bleeding

83
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

A

GI bleeding, wheezing, nausea + vomiting, heartburn, prolonged bleeding

84
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Dose & Route (Adult)

A

324mg PO; Four 81mg Baby ASA tablets preferred as it can be chewed/swallowed

85
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Dose & Route (Pedi)

A

Not indicated

86
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Precautions

A

If patient takes daily ASA, may supplement home dose if taken within 24 hours. Can cause GI upset

87
Q

Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, ASA: Drug-Drug Interactions

A

Enhanced side effects with other anti-inflammatory agents. Decreased absorption with concurrent administration of antacids

NBEMSA (1 decks)

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