Drug performas Flashcards
Paracetamol drug name
acetaminophen/N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanamide
Paracetamol trade names
Tylenol
Calpol
Panadol
Paracetamol indications
Mild pain
Paracetamol how does it work
Inhibits production of prostaglandins which cause pain and inflammation (mainly in the brain)
Paracetamol side effects
Allergic reaction Rash Swelling Flushing Low bp fast heartbeat rare
Contraindications paracetamol
Hypersensitivity analgesic nephropathy renal disease hepatic impairment alcohol abuse
Paracetamol interactions
Alcohol - mild sedation, liver damage
Anticoagulants - increases effect
anti-convulsants
some antibiotics (amlodipine)
Paracetamol elimination
Kidneys - urine
98% eliminated in 24 hrs
Paracetamol advice
relieves pain and fever
2x tablets every 4-6 hours
no more than 8 in 24 hours
Ibuprofen drug name
(RS)-2-(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl)propanoic acid
Ibuprofen trade name
advil motrin medipren nurofen proposal
Ibuprofen indications
Mild pain
Fever
Ibuprofen how does it work
blocks prostaglandin to reduce pain and swelling
Ibuprofen side effects
Vomiting heart burn bloating gas diarrhoea constipation dizziness gi ulcer
Ibuprofen contraindications
asthma that is NSAID/aspirin sensitive
known hypersensitivity
active GI bleeding
peptic ulcer
Ibuprofen interactions
NSAIDs Aspirin corticosteroids antihypertensives anticoagulants diuretics
Ibuprofen excretion
urine
24 hours
Ibuprofen advice
take with meal or snack
Co-codamol trade names
panadeine
codibar
tylex
Co-codamol uses
mild to severe pain
children over 12
short term relief
Co-codamol how does it work
reduces production of prostaglandins in the brain and spinal cord
mild opioid -small amount converted to morphine
Co-codamol side effects
constipation nausea vomiting dizziness light headedness infection addiction
Co-codamol contraindictions
known hypersensitivity
conditions where morphine/opioids are contraindicated
0-18 undergone tonsillectomy
breastfeeding
Co-codamol interactions
alcohol some antibiotics antihistamines anaesthetics anticholinergics (block acetyl choline)
Co-codamol elimination
Absorbed from GI tract
metabolised in liver
excreted in urine as glucuronic acid
Co-codamol advice
don’t take anything else
2x every 4-6 hours
no more than 8 in 24 hrs
do not drive until you know how it affects you
Chlorphenamine actions
relieves sinus congestion, watery eyes, runny nose, itchy throat, sneezing, due to colds, allergies, hay fever
Chlorphenamine tradenames
Puritan
Qdall AR
Chlorphenamine how does it work
prevents actions of histamine
Chlorphenamine side effects
dizziness drowsiness dry mouth/nose/throat blurred vision restlessness
Chlorphenamine contraindications
known hypersensitivity to antihistamines, lactose, magnesium
monoamine oxidase inhibitor in last 14 days
Chlorphenamine interactions
alcohol
sedatives
opioids
neuroleptics
Chlorphenamine elimintation
metabolised and excreted primarily in urine
Chlorphenamine advice
eases allergic reactions
common side effects are sleepiness - may affect driving
Gaviscon trade names
tums
maalox
What is gaviscon made of
aluminum hydroxide and magnesium carbonate
Gaviscon how does it work
neutralises stomach acid to treat heartburn and sour stomach by forming a protective raft on top of the stomach when it comes into contact with acid
Gaviscon side effects
nausea, constipation, diarrhoea, headaches
Gaviscon contraindictions
calcium carbonate sodium hyroxide magnesium stomach or intestinal blockage constipation haemorrhoids
Gaviscon interactions
phosphate supplements (often contain potassium)
calcium supplements
other aluminium and calcium antacids
Gaviscon elimination
faeces - GI tract
