Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Miscellaneous files > Drug of the day > Flashcards

Drug of the day Flashcards

1
Q

Losartan

A

Common indications: Hypertension, Diabetic nephropathy, Chronic HF

Class: Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

MOA: Directly target AT1 receptors, inhibit vasoconstriction and aldosterone stimulation

Adverse reactions: Anaemia, Hypoglycaemia, Hypotentsion

DDIs: K sparing drugs, NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Amlodipine

A

Common indications: HTN, Stable angina

Class: CCB: Dihydropyridine

MOA: Acts on peripheral vasculature, blocks CA entry into cells, preventing Ca initiated smooth muscle contraction

Adverse reactions: Ankle swelling, Headaches, Flushing, Syncope, Palpitations

DDIs: Anti-hypertensives, Simvastatin, Unstable angina/severe aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Indapamide

A

Common indications: HTN, HF, Oedma

Class: Thiazide-like diuretic

MOA: Inhibit Na/Cl transporter in the DCT - decreased Na & H2O absorption

Adverse reactions: Hypo- kalaemia & natraemia, Arrhythmia, Increased LDL, Hyper - calcaemia, glycaemia, uricaemia (gout)

DDIs: NSAIDs, K lowering drugs, Alcohol, Amlodipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Common indications: Hypercholesterolaemia (inc familial), Hyperlipidaemia, Prevention of cardiovasuclar events

Class: Statin

MOA: Competitive inhibtion of HMG-CoA reductase, Upregulation of hepatic LDL receptors, Increased clearance of circulating LDL

Adverse reactions: GI disruption, Nausea, Headache, Myalgia, Rhabdomyolosis (rare), Increased liver enzymes

DDIs: CYP3A4 inhibitors- amiodarone, diltiazem, macrolides. Amlodipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spironalactone

A

Common indications: HTN, HF, Oedema, Nephrotic syndrome

Class: Aldosterone antagonist

MOA: Increased ENAC and Na/K/ATPase expression in CD, reduced Na absorption and K excretion (K sparing drug)

Adverse reactions: Gynaecomastia, Hyperkalaemia, Severe Cuatneous Adverse Reactions (SCARs)

DDIs: Alcohol, ACEi, Amiloride, ARBs, Preganancy, monitor K sparing drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Verapamil

A

Common indications: Arrhythmias (tachycardia), Angina, HTN

Class: CCB- non-dihydropyridine, Class IV anti-arrhythmic

MOA: Acts centrally, prolonging the action potential/refactory period, Negative chronotropic and ionotropic effects

Adverse reactions: Constipation, Bradycardia, Heart block, Cardiac failure

DDIs: B-blockers, anti-hypertensives/arrhythmics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Amiodarone

A

Common indications: Arrhythmias, Ventricular fibrilation

Class: Class III anti-arrhythmic

MOA: Rhythm controlling, Blocks K channels, Increases refractory period

Adverse reactions: Thyroid disease, Pulmonary fibrosis, Hepatic injury, Increased LDL cholestrol, Photosensitivity, Optic neuritis

DDIs: Digoxin, Warfarin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Common indications: Familial hypercholesterolaemia

Class: Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

MOA: Inhibits NPC1L1 transporter at brush border in SI, Increases hepatic LDL receptor expression - reduces cholesterol and LDL

Adverse reactions: Abdominal pain, GI upset, angioedema

DDIs: Cautions w/ statins (rhabdo risk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dapagliflozins

A

Common indications: T2DM, Symptomatic chronic HFrEF. CKD

Class: SGLT2 inhibitor (gliflozins)

MOA: Reversible inhibition of SGLT2 in PCT - decreased glucose absorption, increased urinary glucose excretion

Adverse reactions: UTI/genital infection, Polydipsia, Polyuria, Pancreatitis?

DDIs: Antihypertensives, hypoglycaemic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Common indications: Ischaemic stroke/ TIA, (N)STEMI, Risk of CVS events

Class: Anti-platelet (ADP receptor antagonist)

MOA: Irreversible inhibition of P2Y 12 - inhibits activation of GPIIb/IIIa receptors

Adverse reactions: Bleeding, GI upset - dyspepsia, diarrhoea, Thrombocytopenia (rare)

DDIs: PPIs, CYP inhibitors - omperazole, erhthromycin, SSRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Semaglutide

A

Common indications: Diabetes -uneffective triple therapy, Weight loss

Class: Incretin mimetic

MOA: GLP-1 receptor agonist, increases glucose dependant synthesis of insulin secretion

Adverse reactions: Gi upset, Decreaesd appetitie w/ weight loss

DDIs: Hypoglycaemic agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Flecainide

A

Common indications: SVT (AF and flutter), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Pre-ventricular contractions

Class: Class Ic anti-arrhythmic

MOA: Na channel blocker, Increase APD and refractory period

Adverse reactions: Pro-arrhythmic, GI upset, CNS - drowsiness, dizziness, Sudden death in IHD

DDIs: Anti-arrhythmic drugs w/ negative chronotropy or prolong QT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aspirin

A

Common indications: (N)STEMI, 2* prevention of CVS event, Some AF patients, Post PCI/stent

Class: Anti-platelet - COX-1 inhibitor

MOA: Irreversibly inhbits COX-1 mediated production of thromboxane A2 and decreases platelet aggregation

Adverse effects: GI irritation and bleeding, Haemorrhage (stroke), Hypersensitivity

DDIs: Caution- other anti-platelets and anti-coagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Celecoxib

A

Common indications: OA, RA, Ankylosing spondylitis

Class: NSAID- COX-2 inhibitor

MOA: Selective COX-2 inhibition, Inhibits platelet aggregration

Adverse effects: Dyspepsia, Nausea, Peptic ulcerations, Bleeding and ulcerations, IBD exacerbation, Nephrotoxic

DDIs: Aspirin, Glucocorticoids, Anti-coagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Azathioprine

A

Common indications: CD, UC, SLE, Vasculitis

Class: Immunosupressannt - DMARDs

MOA: Cleaves to 6-MP, Anti-metabolite decreases DNA and RNA synthesis, Inflammatory cell inhibition

Adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression, Hepatitis, Pancreatitis, Increased infection and malignancy risk

DDIs: Immunosuppressants
Measure TPMT levels before treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fentanyl

A

Common indications: Chronic pain, Palliation

Class: Opiod

MOA: Acts at u-opiod receptor

Adverse effects: Respiratory depression, Miosis, Constipation, Drowsiness, Dysphoria, Itching, Urinary retention, Flushing, Hyperhyrosis

DDIs: CNS depressants- AEDs, benzos, Opiod containing drugs, decreased gut motility - Clarithromycin

17
Q

Salbutamol

A

Common indications: Asthma, COPD, Allergy prophylaxis

Class: B2 agonist

MOA: Acts on airway smooth muscle to reverse bronchoconstriction, Short-acting

Adverse effects: Tachycardia, Palpitations, Anxiety, Tremor, Increased glycogenolysis and renin

DDIs: B-blockers

18
Q

Theophylline

A

Common indications: Asthma

Class: Xanthines

MOA: Adenosine receptor antagonist, decreases bronchoconstriction, PDE inhibitor, Long acting

Adverse effects: GI disturbance, - dicomfort, diarrhoea, GORD, Anxiety, Dizziness, Nausea/vomiting, Arrhythmias
Narrow therapeutic index

DDIs: CYP450 inhibitors (increase drug conc)

19
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Common indications: Nausea & vomiting - post op and chemo, Acute migraine

Class: Anti-emetic: dopemaine receptor agonist

MOA: D2 receptor antagonist, central dopamine, peripheral cholinergic agonist

Adverse effects: Depression, Diarrhoea, Drowsiness, Hypotension, Galactorrhoea, Dystonia, Parkinsonism

DDIs: Anti-psychotics, caution dopamine agonists

20
Q

Omeprazole

A

Common indications: Gastro/duodenal ulcers, H. pylori infection, G.O.R.D.

Class: Proton pump inhibitor

MOA: Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells - decrease acid secretion

Adverse effects: GI disturbance - abdo pain, constipation, diarrhoea, Headaches, Dizziness, Drowsiness, Confusion

DDIs: Omeprazole CYP inhibitor - decreased Clopidogrel action
Monitior warfarin & phenytoin

21
Q

Ondansetron

A

Common indications: Nausea & Vomiting associated w/chemo/radiotherapy and post-op

Class: 5-HT3 (Serotonin) antagonist

MOA: Blocks the action of serotinin in the gut. reduced GI motility and secretions, Centrally acts to inhibit CTZ (chemo centre)

Adverse effects: Conatipation, Headache, Dystonia, Parkinsonism, Increased liver enzymes, Long QT syndrome

DDIs: Liver disease, QT interval lengthening drugs - amiodarone

22
Q

Apixaban

A

Common indications: VTE - DVT/PE, prophylaxis of cardiac events

Class: DOAC

MOA: Inhibit both free Xa and that bound w/ ATIII - preventing thrombus formation and growth

Adverse effects: Bleeding, Skin reactions

DDIs: CYP inhibitors
Carbamazepine, phenytoin, barbituates - Decrease [plasma]
Macrolides - Increase [plasma]
Caution- AF and GI bleed risk group

23
Q

Dalteparin

A

Common indications: VTE = DVT/PE treatment and prophylaxis, Unstable coronary artery disease

Class: low Molecular Weight Heparin

MOA: Inhibition of Xa by enhancing ATIII activity

Adverse effects: Bleeding/Bruising - intracranial, infection site, GI, epistaxis, Hyperkalaemia, Osteoporosis, Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

DDIs: Anti-thrombotic agents, ACEi/ARB, K+ sparing drugs

24
Q

Warfarin

A

Common indications: VTE- DVT/PE, AF - DOACs not suitable

Class: Vit K antagonist

MOA: Inhibit activation of Vit K dependant clotting factors

Adverse effects: Bleeding- Epistaxis, Retroperitoneal

DDIs: CYP2C9 - amiodrarone, clopidogrel, intoxicating alcohol dose
Cephalosporin Abx
NDSAIDs - decreasing GI absorption of Vit K
Barbituates, phenytoin, rifampicin, St John’s Wort

25
Q

Co-careldopa

A

Common indications: Parkinson’s

Class: Levodopa (L-dopa) / (peripheral) Decarboxylase inhibitor (Carbidopa)

MOA: Minimises premature conversion to dopamine outside of the brain, ensuring greater levvels of levodopa reach the brain

Adverse effects: Nausea, Anorexia, Hypotension, Psychosis, Tachycardia, Motor complications - dyskinesis, dystonia, freezing, involuntary movements

DDIs: Pyridoxine (Vit B6), MAOIs, Anti-psychotics

26
Q

Levetiracteam

A

Common indications: Epilepsy - focal seizures

Class: Anti-epileptic

MOA: Synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) inhbition. Decreases synvhronisdation burst firing without effecting neuronal excitability

Adverse effects: Anxiety, Drowsiness, Dizziness

DDIs: CNS depressants

27
Q

Lorazepam

A

Common indications: Epilepsy - status epilepticus, Anxiety (short-term) inc insomnia, Acute panic attacks

Class: Benzodiazepine

MOA: Potentiate GABA activity at GABAa receptor - positive allosteric modulators. Hyperpolarisation of cell via increased Cl- efflux

Adverse effects: Ataxia, Depression, Drowsiness, Hypotension, Muscle weakness, Sleep disorders, Airway issues (resp depression)

DDIs: CNS depressants

Miscellaneous files (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions