drug names (L9-?) Flashcards
Propofol
Intravenous anaesthetics
Potentiates GABAA receptor responses
Rapidly metabolized in the liver.
Distributes in fatty tissues: high lipophilicity.
Used as an induction agent.
After a bolus, patients wakes up within 5 to 10 minutes.
Effects are pleasant: having mood altering and antiemetic properties.
thiopental
Barbiturate used to induce anaesthesia.
Potentiates GABAA receptors
Highly lipid soluble. Crosses blood brain barrier extremely rapidly and produces unconsciousness in 20-30 seconds.
Consciousness returns in 10 to 20 minutes due to the rapid redistribution to other tissues.
Metabolised slowly in the liver with a half-life of about 9 hours. Sedative effects can persist for up to 24 hours and can accumulate.
Poor analgesic and muscle relaxant.
It may produce cardiorespiratory depression
halothane
Potent
Smooth induction
Non-irritant (seldom induces coughing/breath holding
Moderate muscle relaxation (need muscle relaxants for abdominal surgery)
Not widely used as associated with severe hepatotoxicity
isoflurane
Less potent than halothane
Fall in BP
Depresses respiration
Muscle relaxation and potentiate muscle relaxants
May cause hepatotoxicity but risk much less than halothane
nitrous oxide
Used for maintenance of anaesthesia and for analgesia
Used in 50-66 % with Oxygen
Too low potency for anaesthesia alone used with other agents
Used in obstetrics (gas and air) for pain during labour
Neuromuscular blocking drugs
(muscle relaxants)
Enable lighter levels of anaesthesia
Relax vocal cords (tracheal tube)
Should have respiration assisted/controlled until drug is inactivated
Atracurium, Cisatracurium, mivacurium etc
Suxamethonium: rapid onset, short duration (2-6 minutes), useful for tracheal intubation
Other medication
Proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole, prevent acid aspiration)
Muscarinic antagonists (to dry secretions)
Sedatives (benzodiazepines)
For Pain:
Non-opioid analgesics (NSAIDs)
Opioid analgesics
