Drug Names: CV Flashcards
Propanolol
Non-Selective Beta Blocker (Class II Antiarrhythmic)
Carveidilol
Non-selective Beta Blocker (Class II Antiarrhythmic). Also blocks Alpha 1 (relaxes smooth muscle…)
Sotalol
Non-selective BB (Class II anti-a)
But also acts as a Class III anti-a as it inhibits the influx of K+ during the Phase 3 repolarisation. Thus increases refractory perior in all cardiac tissues
Metoprolol
Cardio-selective BB (Class II anti-a)
Atenolol
Cardio-selective BB (Class II anti-a)
Bisoprolol
Cardio-selective BB (Class II anti-a)
Nebivolol
Cardio-selective BB (Class II anti-a)
Prazosin
a1 Antagonist (Post-synaptic terminal) (relax smooth muscle)
Methyldopa
A2 Agonist (Pre-synaptic terminal) (relax smooth muscle)
Clonidine
A2 Agonist (pre-synaptic terminal) (relax smooth muscle)
Monoxidine
A2 Agonist (Pre-synaptic terminal) (relax smooth muscle)
Nifedipine
Dihydropyridine CCB (Class IV anti-a)
Felodipine
Dihydropyridine CCB (Class IV anti-a)
Amlodopine
Dihydropyridine CCB (Class IV anti-a)
Diltiazem
Benzothiazepine CCH (Class IV anti-a)
Verapamil
Phenylalkylamina CCH (Class IV anti-a)
Glyceryl Trinitrate
Nitrate
Isosorbide mononitrate
Nitrate longer acting
Isosorbide Dinatrate
Nitrate longer acting
Nicorandil
Nitrate
Perhexiline
Nitrate
Enalapril
ACEI
Captopril
ACEI
Fosinopril
ACEI
Lisinopril
ACEI
Candesartan
ARBs
Irbesartan
ARBs
Losartan
ARBs
Mannitol
Osmotic Diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide
Chlorthalidone
Thiazide
Bendofluazide
Thiazide
Indapamide
Thiazide
Frusemide
Loop Diuretic
Ethecrynic Acid
Loop Diuretic
Bumetanide
Loop Diuretic
Piretanide
Loop Diuretic
Spironolactone
K+ Sparing Diuretic
Amiloride
K+ Sparing Diuretic
Triamterene
K+ Sparing Diuretic
Allopurinol
Used for gout, which can be a side effect of diuretics
Quinidine
Class 1a Anti-a
Lignocaine
Class 1b Anti-a
Mexiletine
Class 1b Anti-a
Flecainide
Class 1c Anti-a
Amiodarone
Class III Anti-a. Also has actions similar to Class IV(CCB), Class II (BB) and Class I(inhibits Na+ influx during phase 0). Amiodarone pulmonary fibrosis and thyroid problems
Sotalol
Non-selective BB AND Class III Anti-a
Digoxin
Class V Anti-a
Atropine
Class V Anti-a AND Endogenous neurotransmitter used in shock
Adenosine
Class V
Adrenaline
Class V
Isoprenaline
Class V
Noradrenaline/Adrenaline
ENdogenous Neurotransmitters. Used in Shock
Atropine
Endogenous Neurotransmitters. Used in Shock. AND Class V
Dopamine
Endogenous Neurotransmitters. Used in Shock.
Vasopressin
Endogenous Neurotransmitter. Used in Shock
Dobutamine
Sympathomimmetic - used in shock
Saline
Crystalloid Fluid replacement
Albumex
Colloid Fluid Replacement
Haematcel
Colloid Fluid Replacement
Activated Protein C
Anticoagulation treatment in shock
Gemfibrozil
TG-lowering drug
Nicotinic Acid
TG-lowering drug
Atorvastatin
LDL-lowering statin
Simvastatin
LDL-lowering statin
Pravastatin
LDL-lowering statin
Fluvastatin
LDL-lowering statin
Cholestyramine
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Ezetimibe
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Torcetrapid
HDL increasing drug?
Low dose aspirin
Anti-platelet
Clopidogrel
Anti-platelet
Abciximab
Anti-platelet
Streptokinase
Fibrinolytic/thrombolytic drug
TPA, rTPA: Alteplase, Reteplase, Tenecteplase
Fibrinolytic/thrombolytic drugs
Heparin
Anti coagulant
LMWH
Anti-coagulant
Warfarin
Anti coagulant
Rivaroxaban
Anti coagulant
Dabigatran
Anti coagulant
Apixaban
Anti coagulant
Vitamin K
Pro-coagulant
codeine, pholcodeine, oxycodone, dihydocodeine, dextromethorphan
Anti-tussives for dry cough
Guaifenesin, ammonium salts, senega, liquorice and sodium citrate
Anti-tussives: Expectorants
Linctus
Anti-tussive: productive cough, demulcents
Bromhexine, Acetylcysteine
Anti-tussives: Mucolytics
Codeine, Paracetamol
Analgesics
Prednisolone
Oral Glucocorticoid (anti-inflammatory, respiratory)
Becolmethasone
Preventer: Inhaled glucocorticoids
Budesonide
Preventer: Inhaled glucocorticoids
Fluticasone
Preventer: Inhaled Glucocorticoids
Salbutamol
Reliever: SABA (bronchidilator) (ventolin) (bronchodilation + decresed mucous production)
Terbutaline
Reliever: SABA (bronchidilator) (Bricanyl) (bronchodilation + decreased mucous production)
Salmeterol
Preventer: LABA (severent) (bronchodilation + decreased mucous production)
Eformeterol
Preventer: LABA (Oxis) (bronchodilation + decreased mucous production)
Ipratropium Bromide
Reliever (short acting): Muscarinic Antagonists (suppresses parasympathetic activity, leading to bronchidilation and decreased mucous production)
Tiotropium Bromide
Symptom Controller (long acting): Muscarinic Antagonist (suppresses parasympathetic activity, leading to bronchodilation and decreased mucous production)
Montelukast
Both preventer and reliever: Leukotriene receptor antagonist (anti-inflammatory)
Zafirlukast
Both preventer and reliever: Leukotriene receptor antagonist (anti-inflammatory)
Sodium cromoglycate
Both preventer and reliever: Chloride channel blocker. Stabilizes mast cells
Nedocromil Sodium
Both preventer and reliever: chloride channel blocker. Stabilises mast cells.
Theophylline
Both preventer and reliever: Xanthine bronchodilator (long acting bronchodilator used in persistent asthma, has to be used 4d)
Aminophylline
Both preventer and reliever: Xanthine bronchidilator (long acting bronchodilator used in persistent asthma, has to be used 4d)
Indomethacin, Naproxen, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, paracetamol, diclofenac
NSAIDS: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Celecoxib, Rofecoxib, Lumiracoxib
COX2 Inhibitors: Anti-inflammatory
Action of Class I
Slow depolarisation (phase 0) by blocking fast Na+ channels. This slows depolarisation, thus slowing rate of contractions. Thus can help to prevent arrhythmias. Lognocaine has rapid dissociation time, and binds to both open and closed channels, thus it has the lowest pro-arrhythmic affect because by dissociating quickly, it effecitvely differentiates between normal and abnormal cardiac cells: normal cells will not be slowed by lignocaine, only abnormally behaving cells.
What to BBs do?
Antagonise SNS activity by binding to B1 and B2 receptors. B1 antagonists - block NA/A from binding, causing cardiac muscle relaxation. B2 antagonists - block NA/A from binding, thus contract smooth muscle.
There are non-selectives and B1 selectives. All non selectives at high enough concentrations. Negative inotrope and neg chronotrope as mainly act by inhibiting Ca+ entry into the cell. Thus good for HTN, angina….