Drug names Flashcards
Name the direct acting cholinomimetics
Acetylcholine Bethanechol Carbachol Methacholine Verenicline Cevimeline Pilocarpine Arecoline Lobeline Muscarine Nicotine
Name the direct acting cholinomimetics (choline esters)
Acetylcholine
Bethanechol
Carbachol
Methacholine
Name the direct acting cholinomimetics (synthetic)
Verenicline
Cevimeline
Name the direct acting cholinomimetics (alkaloids)
Pilocarpine Lobeline Arecoline Nicotine Muscarine
Name the indirect acting cholinomimetics
Edrophonium Pyridostigmine Rivastigmine Neostigmine Distigmine Physostigmine Organophosphates
Name the indirect acting irreversible cholinomimetics (irreversible)
Organophosphates (e.g., Methioprine)
Name the indirect acting reversible cholinomimetics
Edrophonium Physostigmine Rivastigmine Neostigmine Distigmine Pyridostigmine
Name the indirect acting quaternary cholinomimetics
Edrophonium
Pyridostigmine
Neostigmine
Distigmine
Name the indirect acting tertiary cholinimimetics
Physostigmine
Rivastigmine
What is another name for muscarinic antagonists?
Parasympatholytics
Name the muscarinic antagonists
Atropine Scopolamine Homatropine Benztropine Ipratropium Tiatropium Methylalatropine Procyclidin Biperidin Tropicamide Pirenzepine Tolterodine Oxybutynin Solifenacine Darifenacine Propantheline
Name the tertiary tropeins muscarinic antagonists
Atropine
Scopolamine
Homatropine
Benztropine
Name the quarternary tropeins muscarinic antagonists
Ipratropium
Tiatropium
Methylalatropine
Name the synthetic muscarinic antagonists with tertiary amines
Procyclidin Biperidin Tropicamide Pirenzepine Tolterodine Oxybutynin Solifenacine Darifenacine
Name the synthetic muscarinic antagonists with quaternary amines
Propantheline
What are the first line agents for TB?
Rifampin Isoniazide Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Streptomycin
What are the 2nd line agents for TB?
Ethionamide Cycloserine Paraaminosalicyclic acid (PAS) Kanamycin Amikacin Capreomycin Fluroquinolones Rifabutin Linezolid
What is the treatment and prophylaxis of MAC in AIDS patients with a CD4+ < 50?
Macrolide (azithro or erythromycin)
Ethambutol
Rufabutin
What is the treatment for leprosy?
Dapsone
Rifampin
Clofazamine
Other than leprosy, what other clinical uses are there for Dapsone?
Prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasma in immunosuppressed patients.
Acne
IgA vasculitis
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Name the metabolic modulator used in the treatment of IHD
Trimetazidine
Name the nitrates
Nitroglycerine
Isosorbide mononitrate
Isosorbide denitrate
Name the heart rate controllers used in IHD
Ivabradine
Ranolazine
What are the 3 classes of CCB?
Class 1 - Phenylalkilamines
Class 2 - Benzothiazepines
Class 3 - dihydropyridines
Name the class 1 CCB
Gallopamil
Verapamil
Name the class 2 CCB
Diltiazam
Name the class 3 CCB
Nifedipine Nicardipine Nimodipine Nitrendipine Nisoldipine Felodipine Isradipine Amlodipine Lacidipine Lercanidipine Manidipine
Name the short acting class 3 CCB
Nifedipine
Nicardipine
Nimodipine
Name the intermediate acting class 3 CCB
Nitrendipine
Nisoldipine
Felodipine
Isradipine
Name the long acting class 3 CCB
Amlodipine
Lacidipine
Lercanidipine
Manidipine
Name the drugs acting on the imidazoline receptors
Moxonidine
Rilmenidine
Name the alpha 2 agonists
Clonidine Methyl-dopa Guaficine Guanabenz Tizanidine
Name the alpha 1 agonists
Phenylephrine
Methoxamine
Midodrine
Name the releasers
Amphetamine Tyramine Ephedrine Norpseudoephedrine Modanifil Methylfenidate Dexmethylfenidate
Name the reuptake inhibitors
Cocaine
TCA
SNRI/SSRI/NDRI
Name the non selective irreversible MAO inhibitors
Phenelzine
Tranylcypromine
Name the irreversible MAO-B inhibitors
Selegiline
Name the reversible MAO-A inhibitors
Moclobemide
Name the non-selective alpha receptor antagonists
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Tolazoline
Name the selective alpha 1 receptor antagonists
Prazosin Doxazosin Terazosin Alfusosin Tamulosin Urapidil Labetalol Carvedilol
Name the selective alpha 2 receptor antagonists
Yohimbine
Mirtazapine
Name the beta blockers
Atenalol Acebutolol Bisprolol Betaxolol Celiprolol Esmolol Metoprolol Nebivolol Butoxamine Carvedilol Labetalol Carteolol Nadolol Penbutol Pindolol Propanalol Sotalol Timalol
Name the cardioselective (B1 selective) beta blockers
Atenalol Acebutolol Bisprolol Betaxolol Celiprolol Esmolol Metoprolol Nebivolol
Name the beta-2 selective beta blockers
Butoxamine
Name the beta blockers which also work on alpha receptors
Labetalol
Carvedilol
Name the non selective beta blockers
Carteolol Nadolol Penbutol Pindolol Propanalol Sotalol Timalol
Name the anti-pseudomonal penicillins
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
Name the aminopenicillins
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Name the anti-staphylococcal penicillins
Methicillin Nafcillin Oxacillin Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Flucloxacillin
Name the basic penicillin drugs
Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Penamecillin
Name the 5th generation cephalosporins
Ceftaroline
Name the 4th generation cephalosporins
Cefepime
Ceftolozon (+tazobactam)
Name the 3rd generation cephalosporins
Ceftazadine
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Cefixime
Name the 2nd generation cephalosporins
Cefotetan
Cefuroxime
Cefoxitin
Cefaclor
Name the 1st generation cephalosporins
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Name all of the carbapenems
Ertapenem
Imipenem
Meropenem
Doripenem
Name the 1st generation carbapenems
Ertapenem
Name the 2nd generation carbapenems
Imipenem
Meropenem
Doripenem
Name the monobactams
Aztreonam
Name the beta-lactamase inhibitors
Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
Name the macho antagonists used in asthma and COPD
Atropine
Ipratropium
Tiotropium
Name the xanthine that is used in COPD and asthma
Theophylline
Name the LABA
Salmeterol Formoterol Clenbuterol Bambuterol Indacaterol, olodaterol, vilanterol
Name the SABA
Albuterol
Levalbuterol
Terbutaline
Fenoterol
Name the IV/oral corticosteroids used in asthma and COPD
Methylprednisolone
Prednisone
Prednisolone
Name the inhaled corticosteroids used in asthma and COPD
Beclamethasone
Budesonide
Fluticasone
Name the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
Zileuton
Name the CystLT1 antagonists
Zafirlukast
Montelukast
Name the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody
Omalizumab
Name the drug that inhibits mast cell degranulation
Cromolyn
Name the anti-IL5 monoclonal antibody
Reslizumab
Name the centrally acting antitussive drugs
Codeine Dihydrocodeine Narcotine Ethylmorphine Dextromethorphan
Name the peripherally acting antitussive drugs
Prenoxdiazine
Levodopropizine
Local anaesthetics e.g., lidocaine
Name the secretolytics
Guajacol Guaifenesin Essential oils (e.g., peppermint oil) Iodine Salts Ammonium Chloride
Name the mucolytics
Bromhexine
Acetylcysteine
Dornase alpha
Name the short acting tetracyclins
Tetracycline
Oxytetracycline
Name the long acting tetracyclins
Lymecycline
Minocyline
Doxycycline
Name the glycylcyclins
Tigecycline
Name all of the aminoglycosides
Streptomycin Neomycin Amikacin Kanamycin Spectinomycin Gegntamicin Tobramycin Netilmicin
Which aminoglycosides are 2nd line agents for the treatment of TB?
Amikain
Kanamycin
Name the ketolides
Telithromycin
Name the macroclides
Erythromycin Roxithromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin Spiramycin
Name the anti fungal drugs used for systemic infections
Amphotericin B
Liposomal Amphotericin B
Name the anti-fungal antimetabolites
5-flucytosine
Name the imidazoles
Clotrimazole
Ketoconazole
Name the 1st generation triazoles
Fluconazole
itraconazole
Name the 2nd generation triazoles
Voriconazole
Name the echinocandins
Capsofungin
Micafungin
Anidulafungin
Name the systemic anti fungal drugs for mucocutaneous infections
Terbinafine
Griseofulvin
Name the local anti fungal drug (polyene macrolide antibiotic)
Nystatin
Name the lincosamide antibiotic
Clindamycin
Name the antibiotics that work by inhibiting the 50s ribosomal subunit
Clindamycin
Macrolides
Cloramphenicol
Name streptogramin A and B
A: Quinupristin
B: Dalfopristin
Name the oxazolidinone
Linezolid
Name the nitroimidazoles
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Name the macrocyclic
Findaxomycine
Name the Rifamicins
Rifaximin
Name the 1st generation fluoroquinolones
Norfloxacin
Name the 2nd generation fluoroquinolones
Pefloxacin
Ofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Name the 3rd generation fluoroquinolones
Levofloxacin
Name the 4th generation fluoroquinolones
Moxifloxacin
Name the non-fluorinated quinolines
Nalidixic acid
Name the centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants (spasmolytics)
Baclofen
Diazepam
Tizanidine
Tolperisone
Name the drugs used for acute muscle spasm (unknown mechanism)
Mephenesin
Guaiphenesin
Name the non-depolarising (competitive) skeletal muscle relaxants
D-tubocurarine Mivacurium Cistracurium Atracurium Doxacurium Vecuronium Rocuronium Pancuronium Pipecuronium
Name the non-depolarising (competitive) skeletal muscle relaxants (ISOQUINOLINES)
D-tubocurarine Mivacurium Cistracurium Atracurium Doxacurium
Name the non-depolarising (competitive) skeletal muscle relaxants (STEROIDS)
Vecuronium
Rocuronium
Pancuronium
Pipecuronium
What AchEI is used to terminate the effect of the non depolarising competitive skeletal muscle relaxants
Neostigmine (distigmine)
Coadministered with Atropine in order to antagonise their PSY effect
Name the depolarising non-competitive skeletal muscle relaxant
Succinylcholine
Name the drugs used for heart failure
Digoxin
Digitoxin
Name the drug used in heart failure which inhibits PDE
Milrinone
Name the class Ia antiarrythmics
Procainamide
Qunidine
Disopyramide
Name the class Ib antiarrythmics
Phenytoin
Lidocaine
Mexilitine
Name the class Ic antiarrythmics
Propafenone
Flecainide
Name the class II antiarrythmics
Metoprolol
Propanolol
Esmolol
Sotalol
Name the class III antiarrythmics
Amiodarone
Sotalol
Dofetilide
Ibutilide
Name the class IV antiarythmics
Verapamil
Diltiazam
Name the ‘other’ antiarrythmics
Adenosine
Mg sulfate
Digoxin
Name all of the K+ sparing diuretics
Spirinolactone Eplerenone Triamterene Amiloride Li salts Demeclocycline Conivaptan Tolvaptan
Name the ADH antagonists
Li+ salts
Demeclocycline
Conivaptan
Tolvaptan
Name the inhibitors of ENaC
Amiloride
Triamterene
Name the aldosterone inhibitors
Spirinolactone
Eplerenone
Name the osmotic diuretics
Mannitol
Glycerol
Isosorbide
Urea
Name the natural opiates
Morphine
Codeine
Name the thienopyridines
Ticlopidine Clopidogrel Prasugrel Ticagrelor Cangrelor
Name the PAR1 receptor antagonist
Vorapaxar
Name the Gp IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists
Abciximab
Tirofiban
Eptifibatide
Name the PDE inhibitors used for anti-platelet purposes
Cilostazol
Dipyridamole
Name the cytotoxic immunosuppressive drugs
Methotrexate Azathioprine Leflunomide Cyclophosphamide Myclophenolate Mofetil Cyclosporine A Tacrolimus
Name the drugs which inhibit signalling of cell proliferation
Sirolimus
Everolimus
Temsirolimus
The monoclonal recombinant murine Ab against CD3 coreceptor of TCR
Muromonab-CD3
Monoclonal antibody against IL-2 receptor
Basiliximab
Daclizumab
Monoclonal antibody against CD20 of B cells
Rituximab
Ocrelizumab
Monoclonal antibody against CD52
Alemtuzumab
Where is CD52 present?
B, T, NK cells and macrophages
Name the antibodies against TNFa
Adalimumamb Certolizumab peg Etanercept Golimumab Infliximab
IL-1 receptor antagonist
Anakinra
Anti-IL1beta antibody
Canakinumab
Rilonacept
Anti-IL-5 antibody
Reslizumab
Anti-IL-6 receptor antibody
Tocilizumab
Sarilumab
Anti-IL-17 antibody
Secukinumab
Izekizumab
Brodalumab
Anti-IL 12/23 antibody
Ustekinumab
Anti-IL-23 Antibody
Guselkumab
Anti-B lymphocyte stimulator protein antibody
Belimumab
Anti-alpha-4 integrin antibody
Natalizumab
Anti-alpha4b7 integrin antibody
Vedolizumab
Antibody against FCepsilon of IgE
Omalizumab
Antibody against complement factor 5
Eculizumab
CTLA-4/Fc fusion protein
Abatacept
Name the semisynthetic compounds with mild/moderate analgesic effect (phenantrenes)
Ethylmorphine
Dihydrocodeine
Hydrocodone
Name the semisynthetic compounds with strong analgesic effect (phenantrenes)
Heroin
Hydromorphone
Oxymorphone
Oxycodone
Name the mixed mu antagonists/ kappa agonist compounds
Nalpuphine
Name the mixed mu partial agonist/kappa antagonist
Buprenorphine
Name the mu antagonists
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Name the synthetic compounds (diphenylheptans)
Methadone
Name the synthetic compounds (Phenylpiperdines)
Meperidine Fentanyl Alfentanil Sulfentanil Remifentanil Diphenoxylate Loperamide
Name the mixed mu partial agonists / Kappa agonist
Butorphanol
Pentazocine
Name the ‘other’ synthetic analgesics
Tramadol
Tapentadol
Name the natural opiates
Morphine
Codeine
Name the first generation antihistamines
Dimetindene Diphenhydramine Chloropyramine Promethazine Cyproheptadine
Name the systemic second generation anti histamines
Cetirizine Levocetirizine Loratidine Deloratidine Fexofenadine
Name the topical second generation anti-histimines
Azelastin Na-chromoglycate Lodoxamide Ketotifen Emedastine Olopatadine
Name the short acting synthetic systemic glucocorticoids
Hydrocortisone
Cortisone
Fludrocortisone
Name the intermediate acting synthetic systemic glucocorticoids
Prednisone
Prednisolone
Methylprednisolone
Triamcinolone
Name the long acting synthetic systemic glucocorticoids
Betamethasone
Dexamethasone
Name the mineralcorticoids
Aldosterone
Deoxycorticosterone
Fludrocortisone
Name the topically applied (aerosol) glucocorticoids used in bronchial asthma
Beclomethasone Fluticasone Mometasone Budesonide Flunisolide
Name the topically applied (nasal spray) glucocorticoids used in allergic rhinitis
Beclamethasone
Triamcinalone
Budesonide
Flunisolide
Name the topically applied (ointments) glucocorticoids used in dermatology
Triamcinolone
Name the fibrinolytic agents
Streptokinase Anistreplase Staphylokinase Urokinase tPA Alteplase Reteplase Tenecteplase
Name the heparins
UFH
LMWH
Fondaparinux
Danaparoid
Name the direct thrombin inhibitors
Hirudin
Bivalirudin
Argatroban
Dabigatran
Name the direct factor Xa inhibitors
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
Name the antifolate chemotherapeutic drugs (antimetabolites)
Methotrexate
Raltitrexed
Pemetrexed
Name the antimetabolite chemotherapeutic drugs that are pyrimidine analogues
5-flurouracil Tegafur Capecitabine Trifluridine Tipiracil
Name the antimetabolite chemotherapeutic drugs that are purine analogues
6-Mercaptopurine
6-Thioguanine
Fludrabine
Nelarabine
Name the antimetabolite chemotherapeutic drugs that are deoxycytidine analogues
Cytarabine
Gemcitabine
Cladribine
Name the nitrogen mustard derivatives used in chemotherapy
Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide
Melphalan
Thiotepa
Name the nitrosureas used in chemotherapy
Carmustine
Lomustine
Name the platinum analogs/derivatives used in chemotherapy
Cisplatin
Carboplatin
Oxaliplatin
Name the antibiotics that are also used as chemotherapeutic agents
Bleomycin
Mitomycin
Actinomycin D
Name the mTOR inhibitors
Everolimus
Temsirolimus
Name the TK inhibitors that inhibit ABL, C-KIT and PDGFR
Imatinib Dasatinib Nilotinib Dasatinib Ponatinib
Name the TK inhibitors that inhibit HER2 and EGFR (dual) antagonists
Lapatinib
Name the selective EGFR antagonists
Erlotinib
Gefitinib
Afatinib
Name the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Ibrutinib
Name the EGFR, PDGFR and VEGFR antagonists
Sunitinib
Sorafenib
Pazopanib
Name the selective VEGFR 1, 2 and 3 antagonists
Axitinib
Name the VEGFR and FGFR inhibitors
Lenvantinib
Vandetanib
Name the multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Regorafenib
Name the BRAF kinase inhibitor
Vemurafenib
Dabrafenib
Name the MAP kinase inhibitor
Trametinib
Name the ALK inhibitor (anapaestic lymphoma kinase)
Crizotinib
Certinib
Name the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitors
Ruxolitinib
Name the PI3 kinase inhibitors
Idelalisib
Name the RET kinase inhibitors
Cobazantinib
Vandetanib
Name the inhibitors of androgen signal transduction, androgen nuclear translocation and androgen receptor binding
Enzylutamid
Name the proteasome inhibitors
Bortezomib
Carfilzomib
Ixazomib
Name the BCL-2 protein inhibitor
Venetoclax
Name the HDAC inhibitors (histone deacetylase inhibitors)
Panobinostat
Vorinostat
Name the hedgehog inhibitors
Vismodegib
Name the monoclonal antibody against CD20 of B cells
Rituximab
Ofatumumab
Name the anti-EGFR mAb
Cetuximab
Panitumumab
Name the anti-CD52 mAb on B and T lymphocytes
Alemtuzumab
name the anti-HER2 (EGFR2) mAb
Trastuzumab
Pertuzumab
Name the anti-CD38 mAb
Daratumumab
Name the enzyme that depletes serum asparagine
L-Asparaginase
Name the anti-IL2 mAb
Aldesleukin
Name the monoclonal antibody which binds CTLA-4
Ipilimumab
Name the monoclonal antibody which binds PD-1
Pembrolizumab
Name the human IgG4 mab which binds PD-1
Nivolumab
Name the anti-VEGF-A antibody
Bevacizumab
Name the anti-VEGR-2 antibody
Ramucirumab
Name the fusion protein binding VEGF A and B as a fake receptor
Aflibercept
Name the ultra short acting insulin preparations
Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine
Name the short acting insulin analogue
Regular human insulin
Name the intermediate acting insulin
NPH
Name the ultra long acting insulins
Degludec
Determir
Glargine
Name the GLP1 agonists
Exenatide Lixisenatide Liraglutide Albiglutide Dulaglutide
Name the amylin analogue
Pramlinitide
Name the 1st generation sulfonylureas
Tolbutamide
Tolazamide
Chlorpropamide
Name the 2nd generation sulfonylureas
Glyburide
Gliclazide
Glipizide
Glimepiride
Name the meglitinides
Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Name the biguanides
Metformin
Name the thiazolidenediones
Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone
Name the DPP-4 inhibitors
Alogliptin Linagliptin Sitagliptin Vildagliptin Saxagliptin
Name the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose
Miglitol
Name the SGLT-2 inhibitors
Dapagliflozin
Canagliflozin
Name the inhaled anaesthetics
Halothane Enflurane Isoflurane Desflurane Sevoflurane Nitrous Oxide
Name the BARBITURATES used as IV anaesthetics
Thiopental
Methohexital
Name the benzodiazepines used in IV anaesthesia
Midazolam
Lorazepam
Diazepam
Name the synthetic opioids used in IV anaesthesia
Fentanyl
Alfentanil
Remifentanil
Sulfentanil
Name the alpha 2 agonists used in IV anasthesia
Clonidine
Name the main IV anaesthetics
Etomidate
Propofol
Ketamine
Name the 1st generation antipsychotics
Fluphenazine Chlorpromazine Thiothixene Flupenthixol Haloperidol Droperidol
Name the 2nd generation antipsychotics
Clozapine Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone Paliperidone Ziprasidone Lurasidone Sertindole Iloperidone Aripiprazole Cariprazine Sulpiride Tiapride Amisulpiride
Name the TCAs
Trimipramine Clomipramine Desipramine Imipramine Amitryptyline Amitryptyline
Name the MAO inhibitors
Phenelezine
Tranylcypromine
Selegiline
Moclobemide
Name the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
Ondansetron
Granisetron
Dolasetron
Palonosetron
Name the D2 receptor antagonists
Chlorpromaize Prochlorperazine Promethazine Thiethylperazine Haloperidol Droperidol Metoclopramide Domperidone
Name the cannabinoids
Dronabinol
Nabilone
Name the colloidal laxatives
Methylcellulose Gummi arabicum Psyllium Tragacantha Dried Fruits
Name the osmotic laxatives
Mg-Sulfate Na-sulfate Na-phosphate Lactulose Sorbitol Mannitol Glycerin
Name the laxative softening the stool (lubricants)
Paraffin oil
Docusate
Name the opioid antagonists used in constipation
Methylnaltrexone
Alvimopan
Name the laxatives that irritate/stimulate the intestinal wall
Emodins Castor oil Phenolphtalein Bisacodyl Na-picosulphate
Name the chloride channel activators
Lubiprostone
Linaclotide
Name the opioid agents that decreased intestinal motility
Diphenoxylate
Loperamide
Atropine
Name the antidiarrheal agents (adsorbing and astringent materials)
Activated charcoal
Tannic acid
Bolus alba
Bismuth subgallate
Name the enkephalinase inhibitors
Racekadotril
Name the hepatoprotective agents
Sylmarine
Silibiline
Name the agents decreasing the ammonia level
Rifaximin
Lactulose
Neomycin
Name the SSRIs
Sertraline Fluoxetine Citalopram Fluvoxamine Paroxetine
Name the SSNRIs
Venlafaxin
Desvenlafaxin
Duloxetine
Milnaciprine
Name the SNRIs
Reboxetine
Atomoxetine
What is the spectrum of action anti staph penicillins
Narrow spectrum, beta lactamase resistant
What is the spectrum of action of aminopenicillins
Broad spectrum, beta lactamase sensitive
Which penicillin penetrates the billiary tract?
Ampicillin
How can we categorise the anti-psudomonnal penicillins
Carboxypenicillins - ticeracillin (Pseudomonnas only)
Ureidopenicllins - piperacillin (Pseudomonnas and Kleibsiella)
What are the indications for anti-pseudomonnal penicillins
Sever pneumonia
Complicated urinary tract, intra-abdominal and skin and soft tissue infections
Penicillins are synergistic with which antibiotics
Aminoglycosides: increased activity against pneumococcus and enterococcus
How are penicillins eliminated
Kidney; tubular elimination. this is blocked by probenicid
What is the spectrum of action of the basic penicillins
narrow spectrum, beta lactamase sensitive
Which cephalosporin is eliminated in the bile?
Ceftriaxone
How are cefuroxime, cefotetan and cefoxitin administered?
Parenterally
Which second generation cephalosporin enters the CNS
Cefuroxime
Name the parenteral 3rd generation cephalosporins
Ceftriaxone
Ceftazadine
Cefotaxime
Name the oral 3rd generation cephalosporins
Cefixime
Name the oral 2nd generation cephalosporin
Cefaclor
What drugs are in the 1st and 2nd subtype of 3rd generation cephalosporins
1st stubtype: cefotaxime, ceftriaxone
2ns subtype: ceftazadine
How are carbapenems administered?
Only parenterally
What is the half life of Ertapenem and Imipenem?
Ertapenem - long: 1 day
Imipenem - short: 3/4 times daily
Which carbapenem works against E. fecalis?
Imipenem
How is aztreonam administered?
Parenteral
Name the oral absorbable sulphonamides
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfadiazine
Sulfadoxine
Name the oral non-absorbable sulphonamides
Sulfasalazine
Name the topical sulfonamides
Sulfacetamine
Silver sulfadiazine
Sulfafadimidine
Name the polymyxins
Polymyxin B and E
Polymyxin E = Colistin
How is tigecycline eliminated?
Biliary tract
What antibiotic are aminoglycosdies synergistic with and why?
B lactamases (or vancomycin) as they penetrate the cell wall of gram negative aerobes
Which aminoglycosides are 2nd line agents for TB
Amikacin
Streptomycin
Kanamycin
Name the quinolones (non-fluronated)
Nalidixic acid
Name the macrocyclics
Fidaxomycine
Name the rifamicins
Rifampin
Rifabutin
Rifaximin
Name the NRTI that causes nephrotoxicity
Tenofovir
Name the NRTI (Thymidine analogs)
Zidovudine
Stavudine
Name the NRTI (Cytidine analogs)
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Name the NTRI (Purine analogs)
Abcavir
Tenofovir
Name the 1st generation NNRTI
Nevirapin
Efavirenz
Delavirdine
Name the 2nd generation NNRTI
Etravirin
Rilpivirin
Name the protease inhibitors
Ritonavir Tipranavir Lopinavir Darunavir Atazanavir Indinavir
Name the entry inhibitor
Maraviroc
Name the fusion inhibitors
Enfuvirtide
Sifuvirtide
Ibalizumab
Name the pg41 inhibitor
Enfuvirtide
Sifuvirtide
Name the CCR5 inhibitor
Maraviroc
Name the integrase inhibitors
Raltegravir
Elvitegravir
Dolutegravir
Name the blood schizonticides
Chloroquine Quinine Quinidine Mefloquine Halofantrine Luemefantrine Artemisinin
Name the tissue schizonticides
Primaquine
What drug inhibits dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase
Proguanil
What does proguanil inhibit
Dihydroreductase thymidylate synthase
Which folate synthesis inhibitors are used in the treatment of malaria
Pyrimethamine/Sulfadiazine
Proguanil
Name the drugs used in E. histolytica infections
Idoquinol
Diloxanid Furoat
Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, tinidazole)
Paromycin
What is the mechanism of action of idoquinol and diloxanid furoat? What are the SEs?
Unknown
GI related
What is the 1st line therapy for giardiasis?
Metronidazole
Nitazoxanid
What is the mechaism of action of Nitazoxanid?
Unclear mechanism
What is the 2nd line therapy for giardiasis?
Paromycin
Nitrofuran
Quinacrin
What are the SEs of nitroguran and quinacrin? (2nd line agents for Giardiasis)
GI side effects
What is the therapy of throchomonas vaginalis?
Metronidazole, tinidazole
What is the 1st line treatment for toxoplasmosis in pregnancy?
Spiramycin
What is the 1st line treatment for toxoplasmosis?
Trimethaprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Pyrimethamine/Clindamycin/Folinic acid
What are the alternative treatments for toxoplasmosis?
Pyrimethamine/Sulfadiazine/Folinic acid
What is the first line treatment for pneumocystis jirovecii?
Trimethaprim/Sulfamethoxazole
What are the alternative drugs used in PJP infection?
Pentamidine or clindamycin + Primaquine or atovaquone
What are the drugs used in visceral leishmaniasis?
Amphtericin B
Miltefosine
Pentamidine
What are the drugs used in cutaneous leishmaniasis?
Pentamidine
Ketoconazole
What are the drugs used in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?
Sodium stibogluconate
Meglumin antimoniat
What are the african trypanosomas?
T. Brucei
T. bruce gambiense
T. bruce rhodesiense
What are the american trypanosomas?
T. cruzi
What does T. brucei cause?
Sleeping sickness
What does T. Cruzi cause?
Chagas disease
What are the drugs used in the treatment of african trypanosomiasis?
Eflornithine
Melarsoprol
Pentamidine
Suramin
What is Eflornithine mechanism of action?
Ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor
What are the drugs used in the treatment of American trypanosomas infections?
Nifurtimox
Benznidazole
What is the mechanism of action of nifurtimox
Generation of IC free radicals
What is the mechanism of action of benznidazole?
inhibits protein synthesis and RNA synthesis
Name the benzimidazoles (anti-helminthic drugs)
Albendazole
Mebendazole
Tiabendazole
What is the mechanism of action of benzimidazoles?
they inhibit the polymerization of microtubules causing paralysis
What is the mechanism of action of ivermectin?
Enhances GABA effect resulting in paralysis
What is the mechanism of action of Levamisol?
Causes depolarising neuromuscular blockade resulting in paralysis
What is the mechanism of action of pyrantel pamoate?
Release of Ach, AChE inhibition, depolarization blockage, spastic paralysis
What is the mechanism of action of praziquantel?
Increase in Ca2+ permeability leading to spastic paralysis
What is the mechanism of action of niclosamide?
inhibits oxidative phosphorylation
What is the mechanism of action of bithionol?
Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation
Name the NRTIs used in the treatment of HBV?
Lamivudine
Tenofovir
Emtricitabine
Name the AMP analog used in the treatment of HBV
Adefovir
What is Adefovir?
AMP analogue used in the treatment of HBV
What is Entecavir?
Guanosine analogue
Name the guanosine analogue used in the treatment of HBV?
Entecavir
What is Telbivudine?
Thymidine analog
Name the Thymidine analogue used in the treatment of HBV
Telbivudine
What is the name of the guanosine analogue used in HCV treatment?
Ribavirin
What is the mechanism of action of Ribavirin?
Guanosine analogue
What is the NS5B polymerase inhibitor?
Sofosbuvir
What is the non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor?
Dasabuvir
Name the protease inhibitor (NS3/4A) used in HCV treatment?
Simeprevir
Boceprevir
Paritaprevir
Grazoprevir
Name the NS5A transcription complex inhibitors used in HCV treatment?
Daclatasvir Ledipasvir Ombitasvir Elbasvir Velpatasvir Pibrentasvir
What was the original treatment of HCV?
Ribavirin and peglyated IFN-alpha
Name the glycopeptide antibiotics
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Dalbavancin
Telavancin
Name the urinary antiseptics
Phosphomycin
Nitrofuran
Name the agents used for HSV1, HSV2 and VZV
Acyclovir
Valcyclovir
Penciclovir
Famciclovir
Name the agents used for CMV
Ganciclovir
Valganciclovir
Foscarnet
Cidofovir
Name the agents used for RSV
Ribavirin
Palivizumab
Name the anti-influenza agents
Zanamivir
Oseltamivir
Amantadine
Name the salicylates (NSAIDs with analgesic and marked anti-inflammatory effect)
Acetylsalicyclic acid Sodium salicylate Magnesium salicylate Sodium thiosalicylate Diflunisal Salicyclic acid Methyl salicylate
Name the acetic acid derivatives (NSAIDs with analgesic and marked anti-inflammatory effect)
Indomethacin Diclofenac Sulindac Tolmetin Bromfenac
Name the Enol acids (Oxicams)
Piroxicam
Tenoxicam
Lornoxicam
Meloxicam
Name the Pyrazolones
Phenylbutazone
Aminophenazone
Metamizole
Name the propionic acids (NSAIDs with analgesic and mild/moderate anti-inflammatory effects)
Ibuprofen Naproxen Fenoprofen Ketoprofen Ketorolac tromethamine Flurbiprofen Oxaprozin
Name the Fenamates
Mefanamic acid
Fludenamic acid
Niflumic acid
Name the ‘other’ compounds used in analgesia
Nabumetone
Nimesulide
Name the drugs with analgesic effect and no anti-inflammatory effects
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Celecoxib
Etoricoxib
Parecoxib
Name the selective COX2 inhibitors (Coxims)
Celecoxib
Etoricoxib
Parecoxib
Name the drugs used in acute gout attacks
Cochicine Oral steroids (Prednisone) Indomethacine
What does ASA do at high doses
Prevents the reabsorption of Uric Acid
What does ASA do at low doses
Prevents the excretion of Uric acid
Name the agents used in chronic gout treatment
Allopurinol Febuxostat Pegloticase Rasburicase Probenecid Sulfinpyrazone Lesinurad
Name the Xanthine Oxidase non-competitive inhibitors
Allopurinol
Febuxostate
Name the biological agents used in chronic gout treatment that inactivate UA by converting it to the more hydrophilic/water soluble, allantoin
Pegloticase
Rasburicase
Name the URAT1 and OAT4 inhibitor
Lesinurad
Name the 1st generation retinoids
Tretinoin
Isotretinoin
Alitretinoin
Name the 2nd generation retinoids
Acitretin
Name the 3rd generation retinoids
Bexarotene
Adaplene
Tazarotene
Name the calcineurin inhibitors (inhibitors of cytokine gene expression)
Cyclosporine A
Tacrolimus
Name the inhibitors of cell proliferation
Sirolimus
Everolimus
Temsirolimus
Name the JAK kinase inhibitors
Tofacitinib
Baricitinib
Name the 5-ASA = mesalazazine derivatives
Sulphasalazine
Olsalazine
Balsalazide
Which drug increases the pH of lysosomes
Chloroquine hydroxycholoroquine
Name the S1PR receptor modulator
Fingolimod
Name the drug which activates NrF2 (Nuclear factor like 2) and reduces oxidative stress
Dimethyl-fumarate
Which drug is administered with cisplatin to prevent nephrotoxicity?
Amifostine
What is the mechanism of action of Amifostine?
It deactivates the free radicals in the kidneys responsible for cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity
Name the 2nd generation mixed D2 antagonists/5-HT antagonists that are Tricyclic compounds
Clozapines
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Name the 2nd generation mixed D2 antagonists/5-HT antagonists that are heterocyclic compounds
Risperidone Paliperidone Ziprasidone Lurasidone Sertindole Iloperidone
Name the mixed 2nd generation D2 partial agonists/ 5-HT2A inverse agonist
Aripiprazole
Name the mixed 2nd generation D3/D2 partial agonists
Cariprazine
Name the selective 2nd generation D2/D3 antagonist
Sulpiride
Tiapride
Amisulpiride
Name the barbiturates used in IV anaesthesia
Thiopental
Methohexital
Name the benzodiazepines used in IV anaesthesia
Midazolam
Lorazepam
Diazepam
Name the synthetic opioids used in IV anaesthesia
Fentanyl
Alfentanil
Sulfentanil
Remifentanil
Name the alpha 2 agonist used in IV anaesthesia
Clonidine
Name the IV anasthetics with short recovery time
Propofol
Ketamine
Etomidate
Name the try-cyclic antidepressants
Trimipramine Clomipramine Desipramine Imipramine Amitriptyline Nortryptiline
Name the tretracyclic antidepressants
Maprotiline
Amoxapine
Name the unicyclic antidepressants
Bupropion
What are the SSRI (Serotonin Flies into Cleft to Feel Pleasure)
Sertraline Fluoxetine Citalopram Fluvoxamine Paroxetine
Name the SSNRIs
Venlafaxin
Desvenlafaxin
Duloxetine
Milnaciprine
Name the SNRIs
Reboxetine
Atomoxetine
Name the SRI + 5-HT2A receptor antagonist
Trazodone
Name the SRI + 5-HT1A partial agonist
Vilazodone
Name the SRI + 5-HT3A, 5-HT7 antagonist + 5-HT1A, 1B partial agonist
Vortioxetine
Name the NERI + 5-HT2,3 + alpha 2 receptor antagonist
Mirtazapine
Name the (melatonin) MT1 and MT2 agonist + 5-HT2C receptor antagonist
Agomelatine
Name the drug which enhances the 5-HT reuptake
Tianeptine
Name the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists used in antiemesis
Ondansetron
Granisetron
Dolasetron
Palonosetron
Name the D2 receptor antagonists used in antiemesis
- Phenothiazines: Chlorpromazine, Prochlorperazine, Promethazine, Thiethylperazine
- Butyrophenones: Haloperidol, Droperidol
- Metoclopramide
- Domperidone
Name the corticosteroids used in antiemesis
Dexamethasone
Methylprednisolone
Name the NK1 receptor antagonists
Aprepitan
Fosaprepitan
Name the Cannabinoids used in antiemesis
Dronabinol
Nabilone
Name the H1 receptor antagonists used in vestibular vomiting prophylaxis
Diphenydramine
Meclizine
Promethazine
Name the antimuscarinic agents used in vestibular vomiting prophylaxis
Scopolamine
Name the benzodiazepines used before chemotherapy to induce and antiemetic effect
Lorazepam
Alprazolam
Name the laxatives that enhance the bulk of the stool (colloidal laxatives)
Methylcellulose Dried fruites Tragacantha Psyllium Gumma arabicum
Name the osmotic laxatives
- Inorganic salts
- non absorbing carbohydrates
- Mg S, Na S, Na P
2. Lactulose, sorbitol, glycerin, Mannitol
Name the laxatives which soften the stool (Lubricants)
Paraffin oil
Docusate
Name the laxatives which irritate/stimulate the intestinal wall
Natural compounds: 1. Emodins e.g., Senna, Aloe, Rhubarb 2. Castor oil Synthetic drugs: 1. Phenolphtalein, Bisacodul, Na-picosulphate
Name the opioid antagonists used constipation
Methylnaltrexone
Alvimopan
Name the chloride channel activators used in constipation
Lubiprostone
Linaclotide
Name the adsorbing and astringent antidiarrheal drugs
Adsorbing: Activated charcoal Tannic acid Bolus alba Astringent: Bismuth subgallate
Name the agents the mu receipt agonist decreasing motility in diarrhoea therapy
Diphenoxylate (can cause addiction at higher doses so give with atropine to prevent euphoric effects)
Loperamide (is not addictive)
Name the parasympatholytics that decrease motility used in antidiarrheal therapy
Atropine
Name the enkephalinase inhibitors which are used in antidiarrheal therapy
Racekadotril
Name the ‘other’ antidiarrheal agents
Octreotide
Crofelemer
Name the drugs that decrease ammonia level
Rifaximin (eliminates the nitrogen producing bacteria in the intestine)
Lactulose
Neomycin
Name the hepatoprotective agents
Sylmarine
Silibiline
Name the primary bile acids
Cholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid
Name the secondary bile acids
Deoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Name the anxiolytics (Benzodiazapines)
Oxazepam Clonazepam Alprazolam Lorazepam Diazepam Chlordiazepoxide
Name the hypnotics (Benzodiazepines)
Midazolam Triazolam Nitrazepam Temazepam Lorazepam Flunitrazepam
Name the central muscle relaxants (Benzodiazepines)
Diazepam
Tetrazepam
Name the acute and chronic anti epileptics (Benzodiazepines)
Acute: Lorazepam, Diazepam
Chronic: Clonazepam
Name the benzodiazepine that is used for the induction of general anaesthesia
Midazolam
Name the benzodiazepine that is used as premedication before general anaesthesia
Diazepam
Name the BZ GABAa receptor antagonist
Flumazenil
Name the ultra short acting barbiturates
Thiopental
Methohexital
Hexobarbital
Name the medium and short acting barbiturates
Cyclobarbital
Amobarbital
Name the long acting barbiturates
Phenobarbitals
name the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics
Zolpidem
Zaleplon
Eszopiclone
Name the non-GABAergic hypnotics (MT1 and MT2 receptor agonists)
Ramelteon
Name the Orexin antagonist
Suvorexant
Name the drugs acting on voltage gated Na+ channels that are used for partial and generalised tonic-clonic seizures (narrow spectrum)
Phenytoin Fosphenytoin Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Eslicarbazepine
Name the drug which induced GABA mediated hyperpolarization that is used for partial and generalised tonic-clonic seizures (narrow spectrum)
Phenobarbital
Name the barbiturate that is used for partial and generalised tonic-clonic seizures (Narrow spectrum)
Primidone
Name the selective irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor used for partial and generalised tonic-clonic seizures
Vigabatrin
Name the inhibitor of GABA uptake used for partial and generalised tonic-clonic seizures
Tiagabine
Name drugs used for partial and generalised tonic-clonic seizures that work by inhibiting voltage gated calcium channels
Gabapentin
Pregabaline
Felbamate
Name the prodrug that is converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase
Levodopa
Name the COMT inhibitors
Tolcapone
Entacapone
Name the selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitors
Selegiline
Rasagiline
Name the D2 receptor agonists (Ergot derivatives)
Bromocroptine
Pergolide
Cabergoline
Name the D2 receptor agonists (Non-ergot derivatives)
Pramipexol
Ropinirole
Apomorphine
Rotigotine
Name the antimuscarinic agents used in the treatment of parkinsonism
Benztropine
Procyclidine
Biperadine
Amantadine
Name the reversible AChE inhibitors used in Alzheimer’s disease
Donepezil
Tacrine
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Name the NMDA receptor blocker used in Alzheimers
Memantine
Name the vasodilators used in the treatment of Dementia
Piracetam
Vinpocetine
Nicergoline
Pentoxyfylline
Name the calcium channel blockers used in dementia
Nimodipine
Name the phosphodiesterase inhibitors that are used in spasm of GI, bile ducts and uterus
Papaverine
Drotaverine
Name the parasympatholytics used in GI and uterine spasm
Atropine
Homatropine methylbromide
Butylscopolamine
Otiliniumbromide
Name the calcium channel blockers used in GI and uterine spasm
Pinaverine
Alverine
Name the non-prostaglandin agents which contract the pregnant uterus
Oxytocin
Ergotamine
Name the prostaglandin agents which contract the uterus
Dinoprostone Misoprostol Misoprostol/mifepristone Sulprostone Dinoprost
Name the agents which relax the pregnant uterus
Atosiban Terbutaline Progesterone Dihydroprogesterone Indomethacin Nifedipine Mg sulfate
Name the 2ng generation atypical antipsychotics
Clozapine Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone Paliperidone Ziprasidone Lurasidone Sertindole Iloperidone Aripiprazole Cariprazine Sulpiride Tiapride Amisulpiride
Name the 1st generation anti psychotics
Fluphenazine Chlorpromazine Thiothixene Flupenthixol Haloperidol Droperidol
Name the H2 receptor antagonists used in peptic ulcers
Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Nizatidine
Famotidine
Name the PPI
Omeprazol Rabeprazol Pantoprazol Esomeprazol Lansoprazol
Name the M1 receptor antagonists used in peptic ulcer disease
Pirenzepine
Telenzepine
Name the sodium compounds (antacids)
Bicarbonate of soda
Sodium citrate
Name the magnesium compounds (antacids)
Magnesium hydroxide
Name the aluminum compounds (antacids)
Aluminium hydroxide
Basic carbonate gel
Aluminum phosphate gel
Name the calcium compounds (antacids)
Calcium carbonate
Name the agents used in peptic ulcer treatment which enhance the gastric mucosal defence
Bismuth Chelate
Sucralfate
Misoprostol
Name the broad spectrum anti epileptics
Valproate
Lamotrigine
Topiramate
Name the drugs used in the treatment of absence seizures
Clonazepam Clobazam Ethusoximide (Valproate) (Lamotrigine)
Name the topoisomerase I inhibitors
Irinotecan
Topotecan
Name the topoisomerase II inhibitors (Anthracyclines - antibiotics)
Doxorubicin
Epirubicin
Daunorubicin
Idarubicin
Name the topoisomerase II inhibitors (Anthracenediones)
Mitoxantrone
Name the topoisomerase II inhibitors (Epidophyllotoxins)
Etoposide
Name the inhibitors of the mitotic spindle (Taxane derivatives)
Paclitaxel
Docetaxel
Cabazitaxel
Name the inhibitors of the mitotic spindle (Vinca alkaloids)
Vincristine
Vinblastine
Vinorelbine
Name the non competitive inhibitors of XO
Allopurinol
Febuxostat
Name the biological agents that are used in the chronic treatment of gout (they convert uric acid to the more water soluble allantoin)
Pegloticase
Rasburicase
Name the uricosuric agents
Probenecid
Sulfinpyrazone
Name the tetracyclic antidepressants
Maprotiline
Amoxapine
Name the unicyclic antidepressants
Bupropion
Name the 2nd generation anti-psychotics Tricyclic compounds (dibenzepines)
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Name the 2nd generation anti-psychotics (other heterocyclic compounds)
Risperidone Paliperidone Ziprasidone Lurasidone Sertindole Iloperidone
Name the 2nd generation antipsychotic (D2 partial agonist, 5HT2A inverse agonist)
Aripiprazole
Name the 2nd generation antipsychotic (D3/D2 partial agonist)
Cariprazine
Name the 2nd generation antipsychotic (D2/D3 antagonists)
Sulpiride
Tiapride
Amisulpiride
Name the 5-ASA
Sulfasalazine
Mesalazine
Olsalazine
What does 5-ASA stand for
5- amino salocyclic acid
Name the IL12/23 antagonist
Ustekinunab
Name the local anaesthetics (esters)
Procoaine
Cocaine
Benzocaine
Name the general anaesthetics (amides)
Lidocaine Prilocaine Mepivacaine Ropivicaine Bupivacain Atricaine
Name the GLP-1 analogues
Exenatide Lixisenatide Liraglutide Albiglutide Dulaglutide
Name the Amylin analogue
Pramlinitide
Name the estrogen receptor antagonist
Fulvestrant
Name the SERMs
Tamaxifen
Raloxifen
Toremifen
Clomifen
Name the natural oestrogen
estradiol
Estrone
Estriol
Name the synthetic steroidal oestrogen’s
Ethinylestradiol
Name the steroidal and non-steroidal aromatise inhibitors
Steroidal: Exemestane, formestane
Non-steroidal inhibitors: anastraxole, letrozole
Name the CA inhibitors
Acetazolamide
Dorzolamide
Brinzolamide
Name the loop diuretics
Ethacrynic acid
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Name the thiazides
Hydrochlorothiazide
Bendroglumethiazide
