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Drug names Flashcards

1
Q

Factors influencing drug action

A 
Receptorial:
   - Cattle - Xylazine
   - Cat - Morphine
Absorption:
   - Horse - Ampicillin
   - Horse and rabbit - Atropine
Distribution:
   - Dog - Ivermectin
Metabolism:
   - Cat - Salycilates, Phenols
   - Dog - Sulphonamides
   - Pig - Procaine
   - Rabbit and goat - Atropine
Gut flora:
   - Rabbit, hamster - Penicillin
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2
Q

Parasympathomimetics

A

Direct:

  • Acetylcholine (DO NOT USE)
  • Carbachol
  • Pilocarpine

Indirect:

  • Physostigmine
  • Neostigmine
  • Pyridostigmine
  • Edrophonium
  • Organophasphates
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3
Q

Parasympatholytics = anticholinergic drugs

A
  • Atropine
  • Glycopyrrolate
  • Homatropine
  • Tropicamide
  • Ipratropium
  • Benzethimid
  • Scopolamine
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4
Q

Sympathomimetics: Non-specific

A
  • Adrenaline
  • Noradrenalin
  • Dopamine
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5
Q

Sympathomimetics: Specific-Betaagonists

A
  • Dobutamine
  • Isoproterenol
  • Clenbuterole
  • Salbutamole
  • Terbutaline
  • Salmeterole
  • Isoxsuprine
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6
Q

Sympathomimetics: Specific-alfaagonists

A 
Alfa1agonists:
- Phenylephyine
- Xylometazoline
- Oxymetazoline
- Phenylpropanolamine
- Ephedrine
- Amphetamine
Alfa2agonists: (Sedatohypnotics)
- Xylazine
- Detomidine
- Medetomidine
- Romifidine
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7
Q

Sympatholytics: alfaantagonists

A 
Non-specific:
   - Phenoxybenzamine
   - Phentolamine
   - Tolazoline
Alfa1-antagonist:
   - Prazosine
   - Doxasozine
Alfa2-antagonists:
   - Atipamezole
   - Yohimbine
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8
Q

Sympatholytics: betaantagonists

A 
Non-specific:
   - Propranolole
   - Timolole
Specific:
   - Metoprolole
   - Atenolole
   - Esmolol
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9
Q

Major tranquilizers

A 
Phenothiazine derivatives:
   - Chloropromazine
   - Propionilpromazine
   - Acepromazine
   - Prometazine
   - Tiethylperazine
Butyrophenones:
   - Azaperone
   - Haloperidol
   - Droperidol
   - Fluanisone
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10
Q

Hypnosedatives

A 
Alpha2-agonists:
   - Xylazine
   - Medetomidine, Dexmedetomidine
   - Romifidine, Detomidine
Alpha2antagonists:
   - Atipamazole
   - Yohimbine
Benzodiazepines:
   - Diazepam
   - Zolazepam
   - Midazolam
Barbiturates:
   - Phenobarbital
   - Pentobarbital
   - Butobarbital
   - Thipental
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11
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • Diazepam
  • Midazolam
  • Flumazenil
  • Zolazepam
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12
Q

Barbiturates

A 
Long acting:
   - Barbital
   - Phenobarbital
Short acting:
   - Amobarbital
   - Butobarbital
   - Pentobarbital
Ultrashort:
   - Thiopental
   - Thiamylal
   - Methohexatil
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13
Q

Antidepressants

A 
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA):
   - Amitryptiline
   - Clomipramine
   - Doxepin
   - Imipramine
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI)
   - Fluoxetine
   - Fluvoxamine
   - Sertraline
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
   - Selegiline
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14
Q

Anticonvulsive drugs

A

Combinations:
- Phenytoin + phenobarbital

Phenobarbital
Benzodiazepines:
   - Diazepam
   - Carbamazepine
Phenytoin (TOXIC IN CATS)
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15
Q

CNS stimulants

A 
Convulsants & respiratory stimulants:
- Doxapram 
- PTZ
Psychomotor stimulants:
- Amphetamine
- Methylxanthine
- Cocaine
- Theophylline 
- Selegeline 
Psychotomimetic/hallucinogens
- LSD
- Mescaline 
- MDMA
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16
Q

Opioids

A
  • Morphine
  • Etorphine
  • Buprenorphine
  • Butorphanol
  • Methadone
  • Pethidine
  • Fentanyl
  • Tramadol
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17
Q

Opioid - agonist, antagonist, mixed agonist antagonist

A 
Agonists:
   - Codeine
   - Fentanyl
   - Methadone
   - Morphine
Mixed agonist antagonists:
   - Buprenorphine
   - Butorphanol
Antagonists: 
   - Naloxone
   - Naltrexone
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18
Q

Combinations for light plane anaesthesia

A 
Xylazine + Ketamine
Me/detomidine + Ketamine
Xylazine + Zoletil
Medetomidine + Zoletil
Medetomidine + Propofol
Xylazine + Butorphanol
Medetomidine + Butorphanol
Thiopental + Guaniphensesin
(Su) Azaperone + Metomidate
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19
Q

Inhalational anaesthetics

A
  • Halothane
  • Sevoflurane
  • Isoflurane
  • Enflurane (NOT for renal patients)
  • Desflurane
  • Nitrous oxide
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20
Q

Local anaesthetics

A

Esters: (Please call the boys)

  • Procaine
  • Chloroprocaine
  • Tetracaine
  • Benzocaine

Amides: (Little pretty metal rope)

  • Lidocaine
  • Prilocaine
  • Mepivacaine
  • Ropivacaine
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21
Q

Central muscle relaxants

A
  • Guaifenesin
  • Baclophen
  • Carisoprodol
  • Methocarbamol
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22
Q

Peripheral muscle relaxants

A

Non-depolarizing:

  • Curare
  • Gallamine
  • Atracurium
  • Pancuronium
  • Vecuronium

Depolarizing:
- Succinylcholine? (USE with general anaesthesis!)

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23
Q

The chemical mediators of inflammation

A 
1. Eicosanoids:
   A. Cycloxygenase (COX pathway)
   B. Lipoxygenase pathway
   C. Epoxygenase pathway (EET)
   D. Isoprostane pathway
2. Histamine
3. Complement system
4. Cytokines
5. Others
   - Kinins 
   - PAF
   - NO
   - O2 radicals
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24
Q

Cytokines - JAK (janus-kinase) mediated pathway

A

Oclacitinib (inhibits JAK)

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25
Leukotriene receptor antagonists, leukotriene synthesis inhibitors
``` Antagonist: - Zafirlukast - Montelukast Inhibitors: - Zileuton - Fenleuton ```
26
NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors
``` 1st generation Non Selective Cox Inhibitors: - Salicylates: x Aspirin (Acetylsalycilic acid) x Sulphasalazine - Acetic acid derivatives: x Diclofenac - Propionic acids derivatives: x Ketoprofen x Carprofen - Anthranilic acids: x Tolfenamic acid x Flunixin - Pryazolone derivatives: x Metamizole x Phenylbutazone ``` ``` 2nd generation More Selective COX-2 Inhibitors: - Propionic acid derivatives (NOT for animals) x Ibuprofen, naproxen - Oxicams x Meloxicam (Metacam) - Anilin derivatives: x Paracetamol x Nimeculide ``` ``` 3rd generation Selective COX-2 Inhibitors: - Coxibs: x Deracoxib x Fibrocoxib x Robenacoxib x Movacoxib x Meloxicam x Tepoxalin ```
27
TNFalpha antagonists
- Etanercept - Infliximab - Adalimumab - Anakinra
28
Tromboxane antagonists
``` TXA-2 receptor antagonists: - Ridogrel Thromboxane synthase-inhibitors: - Pirmagral Clopidogrel ```
29
Antihistamines
Substances: - Alkylamines - Piperidines - Phenothiazines - Piperazines 1st generation: - Diphenhydramine - Promethazine - Hydroxyzine - Cyproheptadine 2nd generation: - Loratadine - Cetirizine - Fexofenadine - Terfenadine
30
Immunosuppression drugs
1) Inhibition of gene expression to modulate inflammatory response in skin diseases - Glucocorticoids (eg. Prednisolone) 2) Depletion of expanding lymphocyte populations with cytotoxic agents (eg. In cancer) - Antimetabolites (eg. Purine analogues) & alkylating agents (eg. Cyclophosphamide)
 3) Inhibition of lymphocyte signalling to block activation & expansion of lymphocytes - Cyclosporine (eg. atopic dermatitis) & Sirolimus
 4) Neutralization of cytokines essential for mediating immune response - TNFα inhibitors: Etanercept, Infliximab, Adalimumab 
 5) Depletion of specific immune cells via specific antibodies - Effective for autoimmune diseases & transplant rejection (eg. Sulfones)
 6) Block co-stimulation to induce energy - (Blocks migration)
 7) Block cell adhesion to prevent migration & homing of inflammatory cells 8) Inhibit innate immunity & complement activation (eg. Tetracyclines)
31
Glucocorticoids
``` Short acting (PO): - Cortisol - local - Cortisone Medium DOA (PO): - Prednisolone - Prednisone Long DOA (PO): - Dexamethasone - Flumetazone Salts & Esters - Phosphate - short DOA - Acetate - medium DOA - Valerate - long DOA ```
32
Antiarrhythmic drugs (Vaughn Williams Conductance classes)
Class 1 drugs: Membrane stabilising drugs = block fast sodium channels - A. Quinidine - B. Procainamide - C. Lidocaine - D. Mexiletine Class 2 drugs: Beta blockers, only beta 1 - Propranolol - Metoprolol & Atenolol - Carvedilol Class 3 drugs: Potassium channel blockers - Sotalol - Amiodarone Class 4 drugs: Calcium channel blockers - Amlodipine (Fe) - Nifedipine (Fe) - Verapamil - Diltiazem
33
Drugs used in acute heart failure
- Epinephrine - Dobutamine - Dopamine
34
Treatment options of chronic heart failure
1. Increase frequency only in life threatening cases! - Epinephrine 2. Increasing contractibility: digitalis glycosides - Digoxin!!! 3. Decreasing preload and after load: ACE inhibitors 4. Inodilators: PDE inhibitors - Pimobendan 5. Vasoactive substances (arterial and venous vasodilators): Nitroglycerine 6. Diuretics: decrease the preload - most frequently used
35
Pharmacology of volume regulation: ACE inhibitors
- Captopril - Enalopril - Ramipril - Benazepril - Lisinopril + Organic nitrates and Calcium channel blockers!
36
Diuretic drugs
1. Cardial diuretics: - Digoxin - Xanthine derivatives: caffeine, theophylline, theobromine - ACE inhibitors 2. Osmotic diuretics: - Mannitol 3.Natriuretics: - Carboanhydrase inhibitor: x Acetazoleamide x Dorsolamide - Loop diuretics: x Furosemide - Thiazides: x Hydrochlorothiazide - Potassium sparing diuretics: x Spironolactone
37
Pharmacology of vascular tone
1) Organic nitrates - Nitroglycerine
 - Nitroprusside 
 2) Ca2+ Channel Blockers - Dihydropyridine→Amlodipine - Verapamil, Diltiaze 3) Other - α1 antagonists → Prasozin, Doxazosin - Hydralazine - PDE inhibitor - RAA system blockers
38
Antiplatelet agents (haemostasis and thrombosis)
Cyclooxygenase COX inhibitors: - Etanercept, Meloxicam, Deracoxib - Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) ADP receptor inhibitor: - Clopidogrel - Ticlopidine
39
Anticoagulants (haemostasis and thrombosis)
Vit K antagonist: - Warfarin - Heparin Others - X factor inhibitors, direct thrombin inhibitors, Rivaroxaban, unfractionated heparin
40
Thrombolytic agents (haemostasis and thrombosis)
- Streptokinase - Alteplas - Tenecteplas - Reteplas
41
Inhibitors of anticoagulants and other agents for reducing bleeding (haemostasis and thrombosis)
- Protamine | - Etamsylat
42
Lack of Erythropoietin EPO (Haematopoiesis and immunomodulation)
- Epoetin-alpha | - Darbepoetin
43
Other drugs for anaemia (Haematopoiesis and immunomodulation)
IM = Iron dextrane - Iron salt supplements - Pyridoxine - B12 (pernicious anaemia) - B9 (Leucovorin) - B6 (sideroblastic anaemia)
44
Bronchodilators
``` A. Sympathomimetics (act mainly on Beta-2-R) 1. Non specific - Adrenaline - Ephedrine 2. Specific - Salbutamol - Terbutaline - Clenbuterol B. Parasympatholytics (Anticholinergic) - Atropine - Glycopyrrolate - Ipatropium C. Methylxanthines - Caffeine - Theophylline - Theobromine ```
45
Respiratory anti-inflammatories
Inhalational glucocorticoids: - Beclomethasone Chromones: - Nedocromil Leukotriene antagonists: - Zafirlukast
46
Antitussives
Cough suppressants: 1. Codeine 2. Hydrocodone - NOT IN CATS 3. Butorphanol 4. Dextrometorphan
47
Mucolytics
- N-acetylcysteine | - Carbocystein
48
Expectorants
- Bromhexin - Ambroxol - Dembrexine - Guaifenesin
49
Pharmacology of RAO and asthma (drugs)
1. Glucocorticoids: - Beclomethasone - Fluticasone 2. Bronchodilators: - Theobromine - Theophylline 3. Antihistamines: - Cypyoheptadine 4. Leukotriene antagonists: - Zafirlukast 5. Chromones: - Nedocromil
50
Emetics
- Apomorphin | - Xylazine
51
Antiemetics
``` Locally: can use local anesthetics and coating agents Systemically: 1. Phenothiazines - Thiethylperazine - Acepromazine - Chlorpromazine - Promethazine 2. Dopamine Antagonists: NOT FOR WESTIES & do not give with phenothiazines! - Metoclopramide - Domperidone 3. Serotonin antagonists - Ondansetron 4. Anti Histamines - Diphenhydramine 5. Neurokinin 1 antagonists - Maropitant ```
52
Drugs against GI ulcers
1. Antacids - Magnesium oxide (NOT IN RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS) - Aluminium hydroxide 2. H2 Antagonists - Cimetidine - Ranitidine - Famotidine 3. Proton pump inhibitors - Omeprazole 4. PGE analogues - Misoprostole 5. Coating agents - Sucralfate
53
Laxatives
1. Stimulants - Phenolphthalein - Bisacodyl (do not use long term) - Emodin & Aloe (for equine) 2. Osmotic - Sodium sulphate - Magnesium sulphate (antidote in barium toxicosis) - Lactulose 3. Colloid - Cornmeal 4. Emollients - Liquid paraffin
54
Antidiarrheals
1. Adsorbents - Activated charcoal - Light kaolin 2. Astringents - Bismuth salts 3. Drugs that decrease gut motility - Parasympatholytics (Butyl scopolamine in equine) - Morphine derivatives (Diphenoxylate)
55
Liver protectants/Hepatoprotectants
Cholagogues: cholekinetics & choleretics - Ursadiol - Clonobutrine & Menbutone (NOT FOR CATS) Hepatoprotectants - Glucose & fructose - Zinc, Magnesium, Selenium & Calcium ions - Lipotropic drugs - Silymarine (For Death Cap poisoning) - D-penicillamine (Treat Copper storage disease in Bedlington terriers) - Colchicine ( Not use long term) - Vitamin E & C
56
Drugs affecting GI function in Ru
Treatment: Rumen fluid transmission from a healthy cattle. ``` Modulators of rumino-reticular motility - Parasympathomimetics x Carbachol x Neostigmine x Pindostigmine - Antifoaming agents x Diluted alcohol or formalin x Vegetable oil (60ml for a cow) x Synthetic polymers - Poloxalene = drench 25-30g - Dimethicone = 30-60ml in a cow ```
57
Ca supplementation
``` Parenteral: - Ca-gluconate - Ca-borogluconate Orally: - Ca carbonate - Ca lactate, gluconate, citrate ```
58
Mg substances
- Mg chloride - Mg sulphate - Mg lactate, Mg citrate
59
P deficiency treatment
``` Hypophosphataemia: Not usually deficient Hyperphosphataemia: - Stop giving meat - Chitosan - Sevelamer - Al(OH)3 ```
60
Zinc substances
- Zinc oxide - Zinc sulphate - Zinc gluconate
61
Selenium substances
- Na-selenite
62
Adenohypophysis (Hypophyseal and pituitary gland hormones)
``` - Secretes 6 hormones Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH): - Buserelin - Gonadorelin - Fertirelin - Dezrolerin 1. Growth hormone 2. Thyroid stimulating hormone 3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone 4. Prolactin - Bromocriptine - Cabergoline 5. Follicle stimulating hormone 6. Luteinizing hormone ```
63
Neurohypophysis (Hypophyseal and pituitary gland hormones)
Stores & secretes 2 hormones 1. Oxytocin - Oxytocin injection - Carbetolin 2. Vasopressin - Desmopressin
64
Hormones of the thyroid gland
1) Calcitonin 2) Thyroid hormones T3 & T4 - Hypothyroidism • Levothyroxin • L-thyroxine-NA • L-tri-iodothyronine - Hyperthyroidism • Thiouracil • Thiamazole & Methimazole • Iodine
65
Hormones of adrenal gland
``` 1) Glucocorticoids • Short acting (< 1 day)
 - Cortisol
 - Cortisone • Medium acting (1-2 days)
 - Prednisolone - Prednisone • Long acting
 - Dexamethasone - Flumethasone 2) Mineralocorticoids a. Treat Addison’s disease (hypoadrenocorticsm)
 - Aldosterone = only for research
 - DOCP (IM)
 - Fludrocortisone acetate (PO) b. Treat Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism)
 - Bromocriptine - Cyproheptadine - Ketoconazole
 - Trilostane
 - Mitotane ```
66
Insulin
- Regular insulin - Insuline zinc suspension - Caninsulin - Promatine zinc insulin (PZI) - Isophane insulin
67
Drugs influencing glucose metabolism
``` Sulphonylurea substances: - Tolbutamine - Chlorpropamide - Metahexamide - Glibenclamide - Glipizide Biguanides: - Fenformine - Buformine ```
68
Progesterons (Gonadal hormones, drugs affecting uterine function)
For estrus synchronization in large animals: • Fluorogestone (sponge) • Altrenogest (oral) • Norgestomet (implants) For estrus prevention in small animals: • Medroxyprogesterone acetate • Megastrol acetate (injection or sponge) • Proligestone (SC)
69
Prostaglandins
- Alfaprostol - Dinoprost - Cloprostenol - Luprostiol
70
Drugs affecting uterine function
1. Ergolines = Stimulator - Bromocriptine & Cabergoline (PO) 2. Myometrial stimulants - Oxytocin & Cabertocin (IM, PO) - Carbachol (PO, IM) 3. Myometrial relaxants - Denoverin (SC, IM) - Clenbuterol & Terbutaline (IM, IV) 4. Others - Ergot alkaloids = continous contractions, Ergotamine (prepartum) & Ergometrine (postpartum) - Prostaglandins eg. Dinoprost
71
Classification of chemotherapeutics
``` Antimicrobial drugs: - Antibacterial drugs (NOT antibiotics) - Antifungal drugs - Antiviral drugs Antineoplastic agents Antiparasitic agents: - Antiprotozoal drugs - Endoparasiticidal drugs - Ectoparasiticidal drugs ```
72
Antibacterial agents
``` Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: - Beta-lactam, glycopeptides, bacitracin Protein synthesis inhibitors: - Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides RNA-synthesis inhibitors: - Rifamycins Folic acid synthesis inhibitors: - Sulphonamides and 2,4-diaminopyrimidines Topoisomerase inhibitors: - Fluoroquinolones Damaging DNA with toxic metabolites: (SA) - Nitrofurans - Nitroimidazoles ```
73
Bactericidal antibacterial agents
- Penicillins - Cefalopsorins - Potentiated sulphonamides Concentration dependent: - Aminoglycosides - Polypeptides - Fluoroquinolones
74
Bacteriostatic antibacterial agents
- Tetracyclines - Macrolides - Lincosamides - Pleuromutilins - Phenicols
75
Methods of sterilization
- Physical = dry or moist heat pressure, radiation, sunlight filtration - Biological = fermentation - Chemical = chemotherapeutics (liquid - alcohol, gas - formaldehyde)
76
Types of sterilization
(Igor cannot believe master vampire arthur actually accepted such pathetic people as dinner) 1) Iodine 2) Chlorine - Disinfectant, Chloramine T/B (organic), bleach (inorganic) 3) Biguanides - Chlorhexidine 4) Metals - Mercuric bichloride, thimerosal 5) Vapour phase - Alkylating agents; formaldehyde, ethylene oxide 6) Acids - HCl & acetic acid (antiseptic) 7) Aldehydes - Formaldehyde (gas), Glutaraldehyde (oil), formalin 8) Alcohols - Ethanol, isopropanol, ‘rubbing alcohol’ 9) Surfactants - Benzalkonium chloride 10) Phenols & related compounds - Carbolic acid, Hexaclorophen 11) Peroxides & oxidative agents - Hydrogen peroxide & paracetic acid 12) Alkalis - Hydroxides of sodium & CaO (lime) 13) Dyes - Bromocresol green, malachite - Azo dyes
77
Penicillins
``` Narrowed spectrum: - Benzylpenicillin Na OR K - Benzylpenicillin procaine (toxic to piglets & foals) - Benzylpenicillin Benzathine - Penethamat - Phenoxymethyl-penicillin Penicillinase (beta lactam) stable: - Acid sensitive: Methicillin - Acid resistant: Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Flucloxacillin Broad spectrum: - Amoxicillin - Ampicillin - Bacampicillin and Pivampicillin for horses Penicillins acting against pseudomonas species: - Piperacillin - Carbenicillin ```
78
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
- Clavulanic acid (+ Amoxicillin) - Sulbactam (+ Ampicillin) - Tazobactam (+ Piperacillin)
79
Cephalosporins against Pseudomonas
- Cefoperazone | - Ceftazidime
80
1st generation Cephalosporins
- Cephalexin - Cephapirin - Cefacetril - Cephazoline
81
2nd generation Cephalosporins
- Cefuroxime | - Cefaclor
82
3rd generation Cephalosporins
- Cefoperazon - Cefotoxim - Ceftiofur - Cefovecin
83
4 generation Cephalosporins
Cefquinome
84
Monobactams
- Aztreonam | - Tigemonam
85
Carbapenems
- Imipenem - Meropenem - Ertapenem
86
Aminoglycosides
- Streptomycin - Neomycin - Gentamycin - Spectinomycin (Bacteriostatic) - Apromycin (Su) - Tobramycin - Amikacin
87
Classification of Tetracyclines
``` Short-acting: - Oxytetracycline (OTC) - Chlortetracycline (CTC) Medium-acting: - Methacycline - Demeclocycline Long-acting: - Doxycycline - Minocycline ```
88
Macrolides
- Erythromycin - Tylosin - Tilmicosin (NOT eq/Goats) - Azithromycin - Clarithromycin - Tylvalosin - Tulathromycin - Gamithromycin - Tildipirosin - Spiramycin
89
Lincosamides
- Lincomycin (FPA) | - Clindamycin (SA)
90
Pleuromutilins
- Tiamulin | - Valnemulin
91
Phenicols
- Chloramphenicol - Tiamphenicol - Florfenicol
92
Sulphonamides
``` Local: - Sulfacetamide - Sulfaguanidine Systemic: - Short: x Sulfadimidine x Sulfadiazine x Sulfamethoxazole x Sulfasalazine - Long: x Sulfadimethoxine ```
93
Diaminopyrimidines
- Trimethoprim - Diaveridine - Ormethoprim Long: - Aditoprim - Baquiloprim
94
1st generation Quinolones
- Nalidixic acid | - Oxolinic acid
95
2nd 1. generation Quinolones
- Norfloxacin | - Flumequine
96
2nd 2. generation Quinolones
- Danofloxacin - Difloxacin - Enrofloxacin - Ibafloxacin - Marbofloxacin - Orbifloxacin
97
3rd generation Quinolones
- Levofloxacin | - Balofloxacin
98
4th generation Quinolones
- Pradofloxacin | - Moxifloxacin
99
Fluoroquinolones are synergistic with
- Beta-lactams - Aminoglycosides - Vancomycin
100
Hydroxyquinolines
- Chloroquine - Broxyquinoline - Hydroxyquinoline
101
Nitrofurans
- Nitrofurantoin | - Furazolidone
102
Nitroimidazoles
- Metronidazole (NOT FPA) - Dimetridazole - Ronidazole
103
Quinoxalines
- Carbadox | - Olaquindox
104
Anticoccidials
Ionophore antibiotics: - Monensin, Lasalocid, Salinomycin, Narasin, Maduramicin Triazine derivatives: - Toltrazuril, Diclazuril, Clazuril Sulphonamides - Sulfachlorpyrazine, Sulfaquinoxaline (toxic) Others: - Amprolium, Halofuginol stenorol, Clopidol
105
Drugs for babesiosis
- Phenamidine - Imidocarb - Amicarbalide - Pentamidine
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Drugs for histomonas and trichomoniasis
- Nitroimidazoles = NOT FPA - Nitrofurans (Nifursol & Furazolidone) - Organic Arsenicals (Nitarsone & Roxarsone) = NOT F.P.A.
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Drugs for leishmaniasis
Aminoglycosides: | - Paromycin
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Drugs for trypanosomiasis
Aminophenanthridium derivatives: - Homidium bromide and chloride - Isometamidium - Quinapyramine chloride and sulphate - Suramin - Diminazene aceturate
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Benzimidazoles and probendimidazoles
- Thiabendazole - Febantel/Mebendazole/Fenbendazole give in combination with Praziquantel - Albendazole (AT) - Flubendazole (AN & AC)
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Imidazothiazoles
- Tetramisole | - Levamisole
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Piperazines
- Piperazine adipate/citrate | - Diethylcarbamazine
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Tetrahydropyrimidines
- Pyrantel | - Morantel
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Salicylanilides and substituted phenols
- AT (Closantel), AC (Niclosamide) → Salicylanilides | - AN (Disophenol), AC (Dichlorophene) → Substituted phenols
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Isoquinolin and benzazepin derivatives
- Praziquantel
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Bunamidine salts and Clorsulon + others
- Clorsulon (NOT for last. cows) | - Bunamidine salts (SA)
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Compound endoparasiticides - Macrolytic lactones
``` Avermectins: - Ivermectin (NOT FOR COLLIES) - Eprinomectin - Selamectin (NOT FPA) Milbemycins: - Moxidectin ```
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Chemical classes of ectoparasiticides
``` (Organic Carrots & Phennel Possess Special Properties For Never Smiling) Organophosphates - Diazinon & Foxim (Ru) - Cythioate (SA) - Haloxon (LA) Carbamates - Carbaryl = carcinogenic - Propuxur Macrocyclic lactones Phenylpyrazoles - Fipronil & Pyripol Pyrethrins & synthetic Pyrethroids - Permethrin & Flumethrin Formamides - Amitraz Neonicotinoids - Imidacloprid Spinosyns - Spinosad Semicarbazones - Metaflumizone ``` 1 drug per group: “Horses could pin point an idiot speaking manure.”
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Antifungal drugs
``` (Polly and Andrew Offer Sweets) Local antifungals 1) Poliene antibiotics - Natamycin - Nystatin 2) Azoles - Thiabendazole - Clotrimazole - Miconazole - Enilconazole - Ketoconazole (not for cat) 3) Alkylamines - Naftifine & Terbinafine 4) Others - Chlorhexidine - Hexachlorophene - Salicylic acid ``` Systemic antifungals 1) Antibiotics - Griseofulvin (NOT for cats) - Amphotericin-B 2) Azoles (imidazoles) - Ketoconazole - Itraconazole - Fluconazole 3) Alkylamines (Terbinafine) 4) Other - Lufenuron - Flucytosine
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Antiviral drugs
1. Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues 1 2. Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues 2 - Herpesvirus • Idoxuridin • Trifluridin 3. Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues 3 - Ribovirin & Zidovuidin 4. Purine Nucleoside Analogues 1 & 2 - Acyclovir 5. Purine Nucleoside Analogues 3 & 4 - Ribovirin - Gancylovir 6. Amantadine (& Rimantadine) 7. Interferons
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Antineoplastic agents
(To Prepare Right, Then Sell Meth) 1) Inhibitors of Thymidylate synthase - Fluorouracil(5-FU) - Capecitabine 2) Inhibitors of Purine metabolism - 6-mercaptopurine, Azathioprine 3) Inhibitors of Ribonucleotide Reductase - Hydroxiurea 4) Purine & Pyrimidine Analogues incorporated into DNA - Cytarabine, Azacytidine 5) Agents that directly modify DNA structure - Alkylating agents - Cyclophosphamide - Platinum compounds-Cisplatin - Bleomycin 6) Topoisomerase Inhibitors - Irinotecan & Topotecan - Doxorubicin - Etoposide & Teniposide - Amsacrine 7) Microtubule Inhibitors - Vinblastine - Vincristine - Paclitaxel 8) Inhibitors of Signal Transduction 
 9) Tumour specific monoclonal Antibodies
 10) Hormones & Radioactive Isotopes - Glucocorticoids - Tamoxifen - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) - Antiandrogens
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Antibiotic growth promoters may be
``` Ribosome function inhibitors: - Avilamycin - Kitasamycin - Oleandomycin - Tylosin - Virginiamycin Cell wall inhibitors: - Bacitracin - Bambermycin Cation disrupters: - Lasalocid - Monensin - Narasin - Salinomycin ```
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Alternatives of growth promoters
- Organic acids = sodium butyrate - Enzymes = cellulases - Buffers = sodium bicarbonate - Methane production inhibitors = halogenated analogues - Bloat preventives = vegetable oils - Heavy metals = Zinc, Chromium, Copper salts - Herbal products = garlic - Conjugated Linoleic acid = increases nonspecific Igs - Management of the farm
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Requirement for successful anti-microbial therapy
- Clinical diagnosis - Microbiologic diagnosis - Culture and susceptibility testing - Appropriate selection of antimicrobial agents - Correct dosage and route of administration - Ancillary treatment, nutritional support and nursing care
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Preferred antibacterials for E. coli
- Aminoglycosides - Phenicols (only Fluorfenicol for FPA!) - Cefalosporins - Fluoroquinolones - Nitrofurans (NOT in FPA!) - Penicillins - Sulphonamides - Tetracyclines
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Medicine against Swine dysentery - B. hyodysenteria
- Carbadox - Chlortetracycline - Monensin - Ronidazole - Tiamulin - Tylosin - Valnemulin - Virginiamycin
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Drugs against avian Mycoplasmosis
``` Tetracyclines: - Chlotetracycline!! - Oxytetracycline - Doxycycline Macrolides and lincosamides: - Erythromycin!! - Tilmicosin - Tylosin - Lincomycin!! ```
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Drugs against pig Mycoplasmosis
``` Tetracyclines: - Chlotetracycline - Oxytetracycline!! - Doxycycline Macrolides and lincosamides: - Erythromycin - Tilmicosin - Tylosin - Lincomycin!! ```
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Treatment of mastitis
- Tetracyclines (OTC) - Fluorfenicol - NSAIDs (Flunixin) - Penicillin and Streptomycin
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Injectable anaesthetics
1. Barbiturates: - Pentobarbital - Thiopental - Thiamylal - Methohexial 2. Propofol 3. Propanidid 4. Imidazoles: (NOT for renal patients) - Metomidate + Azaperone (Su) - Ethomidate 5. Dissociative anesthetics: - Ketamine - Thietamine 6. Benzodiazepines - Midazolam 7. Phenothiazines
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Combined treatment of CHF
Dog: - Pimobendan + Furosemide + Spironolactone - ACE inhibitor + Furosemide + Spironolactone
 Cat: - Furosemide = treats hypertension

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Prokinetic drugs
- Metoclopramide & Domperidone (dopamine antagonists) - Cisapride - Ranitidine & Nisatidine (H2 antagonist) - Neostigmine (parasympathomimetics)
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Treatment of EPI
``` Pancreatic enzymes Supplement vitamins • E (PO, SC) • K (PO, SC) • B12 (SC) ```
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Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)
- Metronidazole - Tylosin - Amoxicillin
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Estrogens
- Estradiol benzoate (injection) - Oestriol (tablet) - Oestradiol cypionate - Oestradiol valerate
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Glycopeptides
To treat MRSA: - Vancomycin - Teicoplanin
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Rifamycins
Rifampin
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Polymixins
- Polymixins | - Mupirocin
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Drugs for Giardiasis
Benzimidazole group: - Metronidazole - Fenbendazole - Albendazole

Pharmacology oral (1 decks)

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