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Pharmacology oral > Drug names > Flashcards

Drug names Flashcards

1
Q

Factors influencing drug action

A 
Receptorial:
   - Cattle - Xylazine
   - Cat - Morphine
Absorption:
   - Horse - Ampicillin
   - Horse and rabbit - Atropine
Distribution:
   - Dog - Ivermectin
Metabolism:
   - Cat - Salycilates, Phenols
   - Dog - Sulphonamides
   - Pig - Procaine
   - Rabbit and goat - Atropine
Gut flora:
   - Rabbit, hamster - Penicillin
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2
Q

Parasympathomimetics

A

Direct:

  • Acetylcholine (DO NOT USE)
  • Carbachol
  • Pilocarpine

Indirect:

  • Physostigmine
  • Neostigmine
  • Pyridostigmine
  • Edrophonium
  • Organophasphates
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3
Q

Parasympatholytics = anticholinergic drugs

A
  • Atropine
  • Glycopyrrolate
  • Homatropine
  • Tropicamide
  • Ipratropium
  • Benzethimid
  • Scopolamine
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4
Q

Sympathomimetics: Non-specific

A
  • Adrenaline
  • Noradrenalin
  • Dopamine
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5
Q

Sympathomimetics: Specific-Betaagonists

A
  • Dobutamine
  • Isoproterenol
  • Clenbuterole
  • Salbutamole
  • Terbutaline
  • Salmeterole
  • Isoxsuprine
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6
Q

Sympathomimetics: Specific-alfaagonists

A 
Alfa1agonists:
- Phenylephyine
- Xylometazoline
- Oxymetazoline
- Phenylpropanolamine
- Ephedrine
- Amphetamine
Alfa2agonists: (Sedatohypnotics)
- Xylazine
- Detomidine
- Medetomidine
- Romifidine
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7
Q

Sympatholytics: alfaantagonists

A 
Non-specific:
   - Phenoxybenzamine
   - Phentolamine
   - Tolazoline
Alfa1-antagonist:
   - Prazosine
   - Doxasozine
Alfa2-antagonists:
   - Atipamezole
   - Yohimbine
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8
Q

Sympatholytics: betaantagonists

A 
Non-specific:
   - Propranolole
   - Timolole
Specific:
   - Metoprolole
   - Atenolole
   - Esmolol
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9
Q

Major tranquilizers

A 
Phenothiazine derivatives:
   - Chloropromazine
   - Propionilpromazine
   - Acepromazine
   - Prometazine
   - Tiethylperazine
Butyrophenones:
   - Azaperone
   - Haloperidol
   - Droperidol
   - Fluanisone
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10
Q

Hypnosedatives

A 
Alpha2-agonists:
   - Xylazine
   - Medetomidine, Dexmedetomidine
   - Romifidine, Detomidine
Alpha2antagonists:
   - Atipamazole
   - Yohimbine
Benzodiazepines:
   - Diazepam
   - Zolazepam
   - Midazolam
Barbiturates:
   - Phenobarbital
   - Pentobarbital
   - Butobarbital
   - Thipental
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11
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • Diazepam
  • Midazolam
  • Flumazenil
  • Zolazepam
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12
Q

Barbiturates

A 
Long acting:
   - Barbital
   - Phenobarbital
Short acting:
   - Amobarbital
   - Butobarbital
   - Pentobarbital
Ultrashort:
   - Thiopental
   - Thiamylal
   - Methohexatil
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13
Q

Antidepressants

A 
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA):
   - Amitryptiline
   - Clomipramine
   - Doxepin
   - Imipramine
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI)
   - Fluoxetine
   - Fluvoxamine
   - Sertraline
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
   - Selegiline
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14
Q

Anticonvulsive drugs

A

Combinations:
- Phenytoin + phenobarbital

Phenobarbital
Benzodiazepines:
   - Diazepam
   - Carbamazepine
Phenytoin (TOXIC IN CATS)
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15
Q

CNS stimulants

A 
Convulsants & respiratory stimulants:
- Doxapram 
- PTZ
Psychomotor stimulants:
- Amphetamine
- Methylxanthine
- Cocaine
- Theophylline 
- Selegeline 
Psychotomimetic/hallucinogens
- LSD
- Mescaline 
- MDMA
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16
Q

Opioids

A
  • Morphine
  • Etorphine
  • Buprenorphine
  • Butorphanol
  • Methadone
  • Pethidine
  • Fentanyl
  • Tramadol
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17
Q

Opioid - agonist, antagonist, mixed agonist antagonist

A 
Agonists:
   - Codeine
   - Fentanyl
   - Methadone
   - Morphine
Mixed agonist antagonists:
   - Buprenorphine
   - Butorphanol
Antagonists: 
   - Naloxone
   - Naltrexone
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18
Q

Combinations for light plane anaesthesia

A 
Xylazine + Ketamine
Me/detomidine + Ketamine
Xylazine + Zoletil
Medetomidine + Zoletil
Medetomidine + Propofol
Xylazine + Butorphanol
Medetomidine + Butorphanol
Thiopental + Guaniphensesin
(Su) Azaperone + Metomidate
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19
Q

Inhalational anaesthetics

A
  • Halothane
  • Sevoflurane
  • Isoflurane
  • Enflurane (NOT for renal patients)
  • Desflurane
  • Nitrous oxide
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20
Q

Local anaesthetics

A

Esters: (Please call the boys)

  • Procaine
  • Chloroprocaine
  • Tetracaine
  • Benzocaine

Amides: (Little pretty metal rope)

  • Lidocaine
  • Prilocaine
  • Mepivacaine
  • Ropivacaine
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21
Q

Central muscle relaxants

A
  • Guaifenesin
  • Baclophen
  • Carisoprodol
  • Methocarbamol
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22
Q

Peripheral muscle relaxants

A

Non-depolarizing:

  • Curare
  • Gallamine
  • Atracurium
  • Pancuronium
  • Vecuronium

Depolarizing:
- Succinylcholine? (USE with general anaesthesis!)

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23
Q

The chemical mediators of inflammation

A 
1. Eicosanoids:
   A. Cycloxygenase (COX pathway)
   B. Lipoxygenase pathway
   C. Epoxygenase pathway (EET)
   D. Isoprostane pathway
2. Histamine
3. Complement system
4. Cytokines
5. Others
   - Kinins 
   - PAF
   - NO
   - O2 radicals
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24
Q

Cytokines - JAK (janus-kinase) mediated pathway

A

Oclacitinib (inhibits JAK)

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25
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonists, leukotriene synthesis inhibitors

A 
Antagonist: 
- Zafirlukast
- Montelukast
Inhibitors:
- Zileuton
- Fenleuton
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26
Q

NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors

A 
1st generation Non Selective Cox Inhibitors:
- Salicylates:
   x Aspirin (Acetylsalycilic acid)
   x Sulphasalazine
- Acetic acid derivatives:
   x Diclofenac
- Propionic acids derivatives:
   x Ketoprofen
   x Carprofen
- Anthranilic acids:
   x Tolfenamic acid
   x Flunixin
- Pryazolone derivatives:
   x Metamizole
   x Phenylbutazone
2nd generation More Selective COX-2 Inhibitors:
- Propionic acid derivatives (NOT for animals) 
   x Ibuprofen, naproxen 
- Oxicams
   x Meloxicam (Metacam)
- Anilin derivatives:
   x Paracetamol
   x Nimeculide
3rd generation Selective COX-2 Inhibitors:
- Coxibs:
   x Deracoxib
   x Fibrocoxib
   x Robenacoxib
   x Movacoxib
   x Meloxicam
   x Tepoxalin
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27
Q

TNFalpha antagonists

A
  • Etanercept
  • Infliximab
  • Adalimumab
  • Anakinra
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28
Q

Tromboxane antagonists

A 
TXA-2 receptor antagonists:
- Ridogrel
Thromboxane synthase-inhibitors:
- Pirmagral
Clopidogrel
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29
Q

Antihistamines

A

Substances:

  • Alkylamines
  • Piperidines
  • Phenothiazines
  • Piperazines

1st generation:

  • Diphenhydramine
  • Promethazine
  • Hydroxyzine
  • Cyproheptadine

2nd generation:

  • Loratadine
  • Cetirizine
  • Fexofenadine
  • Terfenadine
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30
Q

Immunosuppression drugs

A

1) Inhibition of gene expression to modulate inflammatory response in skin diseases
- Glucocorticoids (eg. Prednisolone)
2) Depletion of expanding lymphocyte populations with cytotoxic agents (eg. In cancer)
- Antimetabolites (eg. Purine analogues) & alkylating agents (eg. Cyclophosphamide)

3) Inhibition of lymphocyte signalling to block activation & expansion of lymphocytes
- Cyclosporine (eg. atopic dermatitis) & Sirolimus

4) Neutralization of cytokines essential for mediating immune response
- TNFα inhibitors: Etanercept, Infliximab, Adalimumab 

5) Depletion of specific immune cells via specific antibodies
- Effective for autoimmune diseases & transplant rejection (eg. Sulfones)

6) Block co-stimulation to induce energy
- (Blocks migration)

7) Block cell adhesion to prevent migration & homing of inflammatory cells
8) Inhibit innate immunity & complement activation (eg. Tetracyclines)

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31
Q

Glucocorticoids

A 
Short acting (PO):
- Cortisol - local
- Cortisone 
Medium DOA (PO):
- Prednisolone
- Prednisone 
Long DOA (PO):
- Dexamethasone 
- Flumetazone
Salts & Esters
- Phosphate - short DOA 
- Acetate - medium DOA
- Valerate - long DOA
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32
Q

Antiarrhythmic drugs (Vaughn Williams Conductance classes)

A

Class 1 drugs: Membrane stabilising drugs = block fast sodium channels

  • A. Quinidine
  • B. Procainamide
  • C. Lidocaine
  • D. Mexiletine

Class 2 drugs: Beta blockers, only beta 1

  • Propranolol
  • Metoprolol & Atenolol
  • Carvedilol

Class 3 drugs: Potassium channel blockers

  • Sotalol
  • Amiodarone

Class 4 drugs: Calcium channel blockers

  • Amlodipine (Fe)
  • Nifedipine (Fe)
  • Verapamil
  • Diltiazem
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33
Q

Drugs used in acute heart failure

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Dobutamine
  • Dopamine
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34
Q

Treatment options of chronic heart failure

A
  1. Increase frequency only in life threatening cases!
    • Epinephrine
  2. Increasing contractibility: digitalis glycosides - Digoxin!!!
  3. Decreasing preload and after load: ACE inhibitors
  4. Inodilators: PDE inhibitors - Pimobendan
  5. Vasoactive substances (arterial and venous vasodilators): Nitroglycerine
  6. Diuretics: decrease the preload - most frequently used
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35
Q

Pharmacology of volume regulation: ACE inhibitors

A
  • Captopril
  • Enalopril
  • Ramipril
  • Benazepril
  • Lisinopril

+ Organic nitrates and Calcium channel blockers!

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36
Q

Diuretic drugs

A
  1. Cardial diuretics:
    - Digoxin
    - Xanthine derivatives: caffeine, theophylline, theobromine
    - ACE inhibitors
  2. Osmotic diuretics:
    - Mannitol
    3.Natriuretics:
    - Carboanhydrase inhibitor:
    x Acetazoleamide
    x Dorsolamide
    - Loop diuretics:
    x Furosemide
    - Thiazides:
    x Hydrochlorothiazide
    - Potassium sparing diuretics:
    x Spironolactone
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37
Q

Pharmacology of vascular tone

A

1) Organic nitrates
- Nitroglycerine

- Nitroprusside


2) Ca2+ Channel Blockers
- Dihydropyridine→Amlodipine
- Verapamil, Diltiaze

3) Other
- α1 antagonists → Prasozin, Doxazosin
- Hydralazine
- PDE inhibitor
- RAA system blockers

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38
Q

Antiplatelet agents (haemostasis and thrombosis)

A

Cyclooxygenase COX inhibitors:

  • Etanercept, Meloxicam, Deracoxib
  • Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin)

ADP receptor inhibitor:

  • Clopidogrel
  • Ticlopidine
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39
Q

Anticoagulants (haemostasis and thrombosis)

A

Vit K antagonist:

  • Warfarin
  • Heparin

Others - X factor inhibitors, direct thrombin inhibitors, Rivaroxaban, unfractionated
heparin

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40
Q

Thrombolytic agents (haemostasis and thrombosis)

A
  • Streptokinase
  • Alteplas
  • Tenecteplas
  • Reteplas
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41
Q

Inhibitors of anticoagulants and other agents for reducing bleeding (haemostasis and thrombosis)

A
  • Protamine

- Etamsylat

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42
Q

Lack of Erythropoietin EPO (Haematopoiesis and immunomodulation)

A
  • Epoetin-alpha

- Darbepoetin

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43
Q

Other drugs for anaemia (Haematopoiesis and immunomodulation)

A

IM = Iron dextrane

  • Iron salt supplements
  • Pyridoxine
  • B12 (pernicious anaemia)
  • B9 (Leucovorin)
  • B6 (sideroblastic anaemia)
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44
Q

Bronchodilators

A 
A. Sympathomimetics (act mainly on Beta-2-R) 
   1. Non specific
      - Adrenaline 
      - Ephedrine
   2. Specific
      - Salbutamol 
      - Terbutaline  
      - Clenbuterol 
B. Parasympatholytics (Anticholinergic)
   - Atropine
   - Glycopyrrolate
   - Ipatropium
C. Methylxanthines
   - Caffeine
   - Theophylline 
   - Theobromine
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45
Q

Respiratory anti-inflammatories

A

Inhalational glucocorticoids:
- Beclomethasone

Chromones:
- Nedocromil

Leukotriene antagonists:
- Zafirlukast

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46
Q

Antitussives

A

Cough suppressants:

  1. Codeine
  2. Hydrocodone - NOT IN CATS
  3. Butorphanol
  4. Dextrometorphan
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47
Q

Mucolytics

A
  • N-acetylcysteine

- Carbocystein

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48
Q

Expectorants

A
  • Bromhexin
  • Ambroxol
  • Dembrexine
  • Guaifenesin
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49
Q

Pharmacology of RAO and asthma (drugs)

A
  1. Glucocorticoids:
    - Beclomethasone
    - Fluticasone
  2. Bronchodilators:
    - Theobromine
    - Theophylline
  3. Antihistamines:
    - Cypyoheptadine
  4. Leukotriene antagonists:
    - Zafirlukast
  5. Chromones:
    - Nedocromil
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50
Q

Emetics

A
  • Apomorphin

- Xylazine

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51
Q

Antiemetics

A 
Locally: can use local anesthetics and coating agents
Systemically:
   1. Phenothiazines
      - Thiethylperazine 
      - Acepromazine
      - Chlorpromazine 
      - Promethazine
   2. Dopamine Antagonists: NOT FOR WESTIES & do not give with phenothiazines!
      - Metoclopramide
      - Domperidone
   3. Serotonin antagonists
      - Ondansetron
   4. Anti Histamines
      - Diphenhydramine
   5. Neurokinin 1 antagonists
      - Maropitant
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52
Q

Drugs against GI ulcers

A
  1. Antacids
    - Magnesium oxide (NOT IN RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS)
    - Aluminium hydroxide
  2. H2 Antagonists
    - Cimetidine
    - Ranitidine
    - Famotidine
  3. Proton pump inhibitors
    - Omeprazole
  4. PGE analogues
    - Misoprostole
  5. Coating agents
    - Sucralfate
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53
Q

Laxatives

A
  1. Stimulants
    - Phenolphthalein
    - Bisacodyl (do not use long term)
    - Emodin & Aloe (for equine)
  2. Osmotic
    - Sodium sulphate
    - Magnesium sulphate (antidote in barium toxicosis)
    - Lactulose
  3. Colloid
    - Cornmeal
  4. Emollients
    - Liquid paraffin
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54
Q

Antidiarrheals

A
  1. Adsorbents
    - Activated charcoal
    - Light kaolin
  2. Astringents
    - Bismuth salts
  3. Drugs that decrease gut motility
    - Parasympatholytics (Butyl scopolamine in equine)
    - Morphine derivatives (Diphenoxylate)
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55
Q

Liver protectants/Hepatoprotectants

A

Cholagogues: cholekinetics & choleretics

  • Ursadiol
  • Clonobutrine & Menbutone (NOT FOR CATS)

Hepatoprotectants

  • Glucose & fructose
  • Zinc, Magnesium, Selenium & Calcium ions
  • Lipotropic drugs
  • Silymarine (For Death Cap poisoning)
  • D-penicillamine (Treat Copper storage disease in Bedlington terriers)
  • Colchicine ( Not use long term)
  • Vitamin E & C
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56
Q

Drugs affecting GI function in Ru

A

Treatment: Rumen fluid transmission from a healthy cattle.

Modulators of rumino-reticular motility 
- Parasympathomimetics
   x Carbachol
   x Neostigmine
   x Pindostigmine
- Antifoaming agents
   x Diluted alcohol or formalin
   x Vegetable oil (60ml for a cow) 
   x Synthetic polymers
      - Poloxalene = drench 25-30g
      - Dimethicone = 30-60ml in a cow
57
Q

Ca supplementation

A 
Parenteral:
- Ca-gluconate
- Ca-borogluconate
Orally: 
- Ca carbonate
- Ca lactate, gluconate, citrate
58
Q

Mg substances

A
  • Mg chloride
  • Mg sulphate
  • Mg lactate, Mg citrate
59
Q

P deficiency treatment

A 
Hypophosphataemia: Not usually deficient
Hyperphosphataemia: 
- Stop giving meat
- Chitosan
- Sevelamer
- Al(OH)3
60
Q

Zinc substances

A
  • Zinc oxide
  • Zinc sulphate
  • Zinc gluconate
61
Q

Selenium substances

A
  • Na-selenite
62
Q

Adenohypophysis (Hypophyseal and pituitary gland hormones)

A 
- Secretes 6 hormones
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH):
- Buserelin
- Gonadorelin
- Fertirelin
- Dezrolerin
1. Growth hormone
2. Thyroid stimulating hormone
3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
4. Prolactin
- Bromocriptine 
- Cabergoline
5. Follicle stimulating hormone
6. Luteinizing hormone
63
Q

Neurohypophysis (Hypophyseal and pituitary gland hormones)

A

Stores & secretes 2 hormones

  1. Oxytocin
    - Oxytocin injection
    - Carbetolin
  2. Vasopressin
    - Desmopressin
64
Q

Hormones of the thyroid gland

A

1) Calcitonin
2) Thyroid hormones T3 & T4
- Hypothyroidism
• Levothyroxin
• L-thyroxine-NA
• L-tri-iodothyronine
- Hyperthyroidism
• Thiouracil
• Thiamazole & Methimazole
• Iodine

65
Q

Hormones of adrenal gland

A 
1) Glucocorticoids 
• Short acting (< 1 day)
 
   - Cortisol

   - Cortisone
• Medium acting (1-2 days)
 
   - Prednisolone
   - Prednisone
• Long acting

   - Dexamethasone
   - Flumethasone
2) Mineralocorticoids
a. Treat Addison’s disease (hypoadrenocorticsm)

   - Aldosterone = only for research
 
   - DOCP (IM)

   - Fludrocortisone acetate (PO)
b. Treat Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism)
 
   - Bromocriptine 
   - Cyproheptadine 
   - Ketoconazole

   - Trilostane
 
   - Mitotane
66
Q

Insulin

A
  • Regular insulin
  • Insuline zinc suspension - Caninsulin
  • Promatine zinc insulin (PZI)
  • Isophane insulin
67
Q

Drugs influencing glucose metabolism

A 
Sulphonylurea substances:
- Tolbutamine
- Chlorpropamide
- Metahexamide
- Glibenclamide
- Glipizide
Biguanides:
- Fenformine
- Buformine
68
Q

Progesterons (Gonadal hormones, drugs affecting uterine function)

A

For estrus synchronization in large animals:
• Fluorogestone (sponge)
• Altrenogest (oral)
• Norgestomet (implants)

For estrus prevention in small animals:
• Medroxyprogesterone acetate
• Megastrol acetate (injection or sponge)
• Proligestone (SC)

69
Q

Prostaglandins

A
  • Alfaprostol
  • Dinoprost
  • Cloprostenol
  • Luprostiol
70
Q

Drugs affecting uterine function

A
  1. Ergolines = Stimulator
    - Bromocriptine & Cabergoline (PO)
  2. Myometrial stimulants
    - Oxytocin & Cabertocin (IM, PO)
    - Carbachol (PO, IM)
  3. Myometrial relaxants
    - Denoverin (SC, IM)
    - Clenbuterol & Terbutaline (IM, IV)
  4. Others
    - Ergot alkaloids = continous contractions, Ergotamine (prepartum) & Ergometrine
    (postpartum)
    - Prostaglandins eg. Dinoprost
71
Q

Classification of chemotherapeutics

A 
Antimicrobial drugs:
- Antibacterial drugs (NOT antibiotics)
- Antifungal drugs
- Antiviral drugs
Antineoplastic agents
Antiparasitic agents:
- Antiprotozoal drugs
- Endoparasiticidal drugs
- Ectoparasiticidal drugs
72
Q

Antibacterial agents

A 
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors:
- Beta-lactam, glycopeptides, bacitracin
Protein synthesis inhibitors:
- Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides
RNA-synthesis inhibitors:
- Rifamycins
Folic acid synthesis inhibitors:
- Sulphonamides and 2,4-diaminopyrimidines
Topoisomerase inhibitors:
- Fluoroquinolones
Damaging DNA with toxic metabolites: (SA)
- Nitrofurans
- Nitroimidazoles
73
Q

Bactericidal antibacterial agents

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cefalopsorins
  • Potentiated sulphonamides
    Concentration dependent:
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Polypeptides
  • Fluoroquinolones
74
Q

Bacteriostatic antibacterial agents

A
  • Tetracyclines
  • Macrolides
  • Lincosamides
  • Pleuromutilins
  • Phenicols
75
Q

Methods of sterilization

A
  • Physical = dry or moist heat pressure, radiation, sunlight filtration
  • Biological = fermentation
  • Chemical = chemotherapeutics (liquid - alcohol, gas - formaldehyde)
76
Q

Types of sterilization

A

(Igor cannot believe master vampire arthur actually accepted such pathetic people as dinner)

1) Iodine
2) Chlorine
- Disinfectant, Chloramine T/B (organic), bleach (inorganic)
3) Biguanides
- Chlorhexidine
4) Metals
- Mercuric bichloride, thimerosal
5) Vapour phase
- Alkylating agents; formaldehyde, ethylene oxide
6) Acids
- HCl & acetic acid (antiseptic)
7) Aldehydes
- Formaldehyde (gas), Glutaraldehyde (oil), formalin
8) Alcohols
- Ethanol, isopropanol, ‘rubbing alcohol’
9) Surfactants
- Benzalkonium chloride
10) Phenols & related compounds
- Carbolic acid, Hexaclorophen
11) Peroxides & oxidative agents
- Hydrogen peroxide & paracetic acid
12) Alkalis
- Hydroxides of sodium & CaO (lime)
13) Dyes
- Bromocresol green, malachite
- Azo dyes

77
Q

Penicillins

A 
Narrowed spectrum:
-  Benzylpenicillin Na OR K
- Benzylpenicillin procaine (toxic to piglets &amp; foals)
- Benzylpenicillin Benzathine 
- Penethamat 
- Phenoxymethyl-penicillin
Penicillinase (beta lactam) stable:
- Acid sensitive: Methicillin
- Acid resistant: Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Flucloxacillin
Broad spectrum:
- Amoxicillin
- Ampicillin
- Bacampicillin and Pivampicillin for horses
Penicillins acting against pseudomonas species:
- Piperacillin
- Carbenicillin
78
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

A
  • Clavulanic acid (+ Amoxicillin)
  • Sulbactam (+ Ampicillin)
  • Tazobactam (+ Piperacillin)
79
Q

Cephalosporins against Pseudomonas

A
  • Cefoperazone

- Ceftazidime

80
Q

1st generation Cephalosporins

A
  • Cephalexin
  • Cephapirin
  • Cefacetril
  • Cephazoline
81
Q

2nd generation Cephalosporins

A
  • Cefuroxime

- Cefaclor

82
Q

3rd generation Cephalosporins

A
  • Cefoperazon
  • Cefotoxim
  • Ceftiofur
  • Cefovecin
83
Q

4 generation Cephalosporins

A

Cefquinome

84
Q

Monobactams

A
  • Aztreonam

- Tigemonam

85
Q

Carbapenems

A
  • Imipenem
  • Meropenem
  • Ertapenem
86
Q

Aminoglycosides

A
  • Streptomycin
  • Neomycin
  • Gentamycin
  • Spectinomycin (Bacteriostatic)
  • Apromycin (Su)
  • Tobramycin
  • Amikacin
87
Q

Classification of Tetracyclines

A 
Short-acting:
- Oxytetracycline (OTC)
- Chlortetracycline (CTC)
Medium-acting:
- Methacycline
- Demeclocycline
Long-acting:
- Doxycycline
- Minocycline
88
Q

Macrolides

A
  • Erythromycin
  • Tylosin
  • Tilmicosin (NOT eq/Goats)
  • Azithromycin
  • Clarithromycin
  • Tylvalosin
  • Tulathromycin
  • Gamithromycin
  • Tildipirosin
  • Spiramycin
89
Q

Lincosamides

A
  • Lincomycin (FPA)

- Clindamycin (SA)

90
Q

Pleuromutilins

A
  • Tiamulin

- Valnemulin

91
Q

Phenicols

A
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Tiamphenicol
  • Florfenicol
92
Q

Sulphonamides

A 
Local:
- Sulfacetamide
- Sulfaguanidine
Systemic:
- Short:
   x Sulfadimidine
   x Sulfadiazine
   x Sulfamethoxazole
   x Sulfasalazine
- Long:
   x Sulfadimethoxine
93
Q

Diaminopyrimidines

A
  • Trimethoprim
  • Diaveridine
  • Ormethoprim
    Long:
  • Aditoprim
  • Baquiloprim
94
Q

1st generation Quinolones

A
  • Nalidixic acid

- Oxolinic acid

95
Q

2nd 1. generation Quinolones

A
  • Norfloxacin

- Flumequine

96
Q

2nd 2. generation Quinolones

A
  • Danofloxacin
  • Difloxacin
  • Enrofloxacin
  • Ibafloxacin
  • Marbofloxacin
  • Orbifloxacin
97
Q

3rd generation Quinolones

A
  • Levofloxacin

- Balofloxacin

98
Q

4th generation Quinolones

A
  • Pradofloxacin

- Moxifloxacin

99
Q

Fluoroquinolones are synergistic with

A
  • Beta-lactams
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Vancomycin
100
Q

Hydroxyquinolines

A
  • Chloroquine
  • Broxyquinoline
  • Hydroxyquinoline
101
Q

Nitrofurans

A
  • Nitrofurantoin

- Furazolidone

102
Q

Nitroimidazoles

A
  • Metronidazole (NOT FPA)
  • Dimetridazole
  • Ronidazole
103
Q

Quinoxalines

A
  • Carbadox

- Olaquindox

104
Q

Anticoccidials

A

Ionophore antibiotics:
- Monensin, Lasalocid, Salinomycin, Narasin, Maduramicin
Triazine derivatives:
- Toltrazuril, Diclazuril, Clazuril
Sulphonamides
- Sulfachlorpyrazine, Sulfaquinoxaline (toxic)
Others:
- Amprolium, Halofuginol stenorol, Clopidol

105
Q

Drugs for babesiosis

A
  • Phenamidine
  • Imidocarb
  • Amicarbalide
  • Pentamidine
106
Q

Drugs for histomonas and trichomoniasis

A
  • Nitroimidazoles = NOT FPA
  • Nitrofurans (Nifursol & Furazolidone)
  • Organic Arsenicals (Nitarsone & Roxarsone) = NOT F.P.A.
107
Q

Drugs for leishmaniasis

A

Aminoglycosides:

- Paromycin

108
Q

Drugs for trypanosomiasis

A

Aminophenanthridium derivatives:

  • Homidium bromide and chloride
  • Isometamidium
  • Quinapyramine chloride and sulphate
  • Suramin
  • Diminazene aceturate
109
Q

Benzimidazoles and probendimidazoles

A
  • Thiabendazole
  • Febantel/Mebendazole/Fenbendazole give in combination with Praziquantel
  • Albendazole (AT)
  • Flubendazole (AN & AC)
110
Q

Imidazothiazoles

A
  • Tetramisole

- Levamisole

111
Q

Piperazines

A
  • Piperazine adipate/citrate

- Diethylcarbamazine

112
Q

Tetrahydropyrimidines

A
  • Pyrantel

- Morantel

113
Q

Salicylanilides and substituted phenols

A
  • AT (Closantel), AC (Niclosamide) → Salicylanilides

- AN (Disophenol), AC (Dichlorophene) → Substituted phenols

114
Q

Isoquinolin and benzazepin derivatives

A
  • Praziquantel
115
Q

Bunamidine salts and Clorsulon + others

A
  • Clorsulon (NOT for last. cows)

- Bunamidine salts (SA)

116
Q

Compound endoparasiticides - Macrolytic lactones

A 
Avermectins:
- Ivermectin (NOT FOR COLLIES)
- Eprinomectin
- Selamectin (NOT FPA)
Milbemycins:
- Moxidectin
117
Q

Chemical classes of ectoparasiticides

A 
(Organic Carrots &amp; Phennel Possess Special Properties For Never Smiling)
Organophosphates
- Diazinon &amp; Foxim (Ru)
- Cythioate (SA)
- Haloxon (LA)
Carbamates
- Carbaryl = carcinogenic
- Propuxur
Macrocyclic lactones 
Phenylpyrazoles
- Fipronil &amp; Pyripol
Pyrethrins &amp; synthetic Pyrethroids
- Permethrin &amp; Flumethrin
Formamides
- Amitraz 
Neonicotinoids
- Imidacloprid 
Spinosyns
- Spinosad
Semicarbazones
- Metaflumizone

1 drug per group: “Horses could pin point an idiot speaking manure.”

118
Q

Antifungal drugs

A 
(Polly and Andrew Offer Sweets)
Local antifungals
1) Poliene antibiotics
   - Natamycin 
   - Nystatin
2) Azoles
   - Thiabendazole 
   - Clotrimazole 
   - Miconazole
   - Enilconazole  
   - Ketoconazole (not for cat)
3) Alkylamines
   - Naftifine &amp; Terbinafine
4) Others
   - Chlorhexidine
   - Hexachlorophene 
   - Salicylic acid

Systemic antifungals

1) Antibiotics
- Griseofulvin (NOT for cats)
- Amphotericin-B
2) Azoles (imidazoles)
- Ketoconazole
- Itraconazole
- Fluconazole
3) Alkylamines (Terbinafine)
4) Other
- Lufenuron
- Flucytosine

119
Q

Antiviral drugs

A
  1. Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues 1
  2. Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues 2
    - Herpesvirus
    • Idoxuridin
    • Trifluridin
  3. Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues 3
    - Ribovirin & Zidovuidin
  4. Purine Nucleoside Analogues 1 & 2
    - Acyclovir
  5. Purine Nucleoside Analogues 3 & 4
    - Ribovirin
    - Gancylovir
  6. Amantadine (& Rimantadine)
  7. Interferons
120
Q

Antineoplastic agents

A

(To Prepare Right, Then Sell Meth)

1) Inhibitors of Thymidylate synthase
- Fluorouracil(5-FU)
- Capecitabine
2) Inhibitors of Purine metabolism
- 6-mercaptopurine, Azathioprine
3) Inhibitors of Ribonucleotide Reductase
- Hydroxiurea
4) Purine & Pyrimidine Analogues incorporated into DNA
- Cytarabine, Azacytidine
5) Agents that directly modify DNA structure
- Alkylating agents - Cyclophosphamide
- Platinum compounds-Cisplatin
- Bleomycin
6) Topoisomerase Inhibitors
- Irinotecan & Topotecan
- Doxorubicin
- Etoposide & Teniposide
- Amsacrine
7) Microtubule Inhibitors
- Vinblastine
- Vincristine
- Paclitaxel
8) Inhibitors of Signal Transduction 

9) Tumour specific monoclonal Antibodies

10) Hormones & Radioactive Isotopes
- Glucocorticoids
- Tamoxifen
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
- Antiandrogens

121
Q

Antibiotic growth promoters may be

A 
Ribosome function inhibitors:
- Avilamycin
- Kitasamycin
- Oleandomycin
- Tylosin
- Virginiamycin
Cell wall inhibitors:
- Bacitracin
- Bambermycin
Cation disrupters:
- Lasalocid
- Monensin
- Narasin
- Salinomycin
122
Q

Alternatives of growth promoters

A
  • Organic acids = sodium butyrate
  • Enzymes = cellulases
  • Buffers = sodium bicarbonate
  • Methane production inhibitors = halogenated analogues
  • Bloat preventives = vegetable oils
  • Heavy metals = Zinc, Chromium, Copper salts
  • Herbal products = garlic
  • Conjugated Linoleic acid = increases nonspecific Igs
  • Management of the farm
123
Q

Requirement for successful anti-microbial therapy

A
  • Clinical diagnosis
  • Microbiologic diagnosis
  • Culture and susceptibility testing
  • Appropriate selection of antimicrobial agents
  • Correct dosage and route of administration
  • Ancillary treatment, nutritional support and nursing care
124
Q

Preferred antibacterials for E. coli

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Phenicols (only Fluorfenicol for FPA!)
  • Cefalosporins
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Nitrofurans (NOT in FPA!)
  • Penicillins
  • Sulphonamides
  • Tetracyclines
125
Q

Medicine against Swine dysentery - B. hyodysenteria

A
  • Carbadox
  • Chlortetracycline
  • Monensin
  • Ronidazole
  • Tiamulin
  • Tylosin
  • Valnemulin
  • Virginiamycin
126
Q

Drugs against avian Mycoplasmosis

A 
Tetracyclines:
- Chlotetracycline!!
- Oxytetracycline
- Doxycycline
Macrolides and lincosamides:
- Erythromycin!!
- Tilmicosin
- Tylosin
- Lincomycin!!
127
Q

Drugs against pig Mycoplasmosis

A 
Tetracyclines:
- Chlotetracycline
- Oxytetracycline!!
- Doxycycline
Macrolides and lincosamides:
- Erythromycin
- Tilmicosin
- Tylosin
- Lincomycin!!
128
Q

Treatment of mastitis

A
  • Tetracyclines (OTC)
  • Fluorfenicol
  • NSAIDs (Flunixin)
  • Penicillin and Streptomycin
129
Q

Injectable anaesthetics

A
  1. Barbiturates:
    - Pentobarbital
    - Thiopental
    - Thiamylal
    - Methohexial
  2. Propofol
  3. Propanidid
  4. Imidazoles: (NOT for renal patients)
    - Metomidate + Azaperone (Su)
    - Ethomidate
  5. Dissociative anesthetics:
    - Ketamine
    - Thietamine
  6. Benzodiazepines
    - Midazolam
  7. Phenothiazines
130
Q

Combined treatment of CHF

A

Dog:

  • Pimobendan + Furosemide + Spironolactone
  • ACE inhibitor + Furosemide + Spironolactone


Cat:
- Furosemide = treats hypertension


131
Q

Prokinetic drugs

A
  • Metoclopramide & Domperidone (dopamine antagonists)
  • Cisapride
  • Ranitidine & Nisatidine (H2 antagonist)
  • Neostigmine (parasympathomimetics)
132
Q

Treatment of EPI

A 
Pancreatic enzymes 
Supplement vitamins
• E (PO, SC) 
• K (PO, SC) 
• B12 (SC)
133
Q

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)

A
  • Metronidazole
  • Tylosin
  • Amoxicillin
134
Q

Estrogens

A
  • Estradiol benzoate (injection)
  • Oestriol (tablet)
  • Oestradiol cypionate
  • Oestradiol valerate
135
Q

Glycopeptides

A

To treat MRSA:

  • Vancomycin
  • Teicoplanin
136
Q

Rifamycins

A

Rifampin

137
Q

Polymixins

A
  • Polymixins

- Mupirocin

138
Q

Drugs for Giardiasis

A

Benzimidazole group:

  • Metronidazole
  • Fenbendazole
  • Albendazole

Pharmacology oral (1 decks)

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